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Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Biographies of editors -- Biographies of contributors -- Foreword by Clyde Collins Snow -- Foreword by Jeremy Sarkin -- Foreword by Colin Hope -- Preface by W.J. Mike Groen -- Acknowledgments -- Glossary of abbreviations -- Introduction -- Part 1 Europe -- Chapter 1 Forensic archaeology and anthropology in Austria -- Introduction -- Overview of Austria -- The legal framework affecting forensic archaeology and anthropology -- Forensic archaeology and anthropology in Austria -- The demand for forensic anthropology and archaeology investigations -- The applied investigation flow for buried and surface skeletonised remains -- Training and education opportunities in forensic archaeology and anthropology -- Conclusion and future developments -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 2 DVI Belgium: victim identification and necrosearch -- Introduction -- Belgium and the Belgian police -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Further Reading -- Websites -- Chapter 3 Bosnia and Herzegovina: forensic archaeology in support of national and international organisations undertaking criminal investigations and identifying the missing from 1996 to 2013 -- Historical background -- International investigations -- National investigations -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4 Forensic archaeology in Bulgaria - problems and perspectives -- Historical background -- Definition -- Medico-legal framework -- Problems -- Role and future -- Perspectives -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 Croatia (Hrvatska): from WWII and the 1991 war to contemporary forensic cases -- Introduction -- Forensic archaeology history in Croatia -- The recovery of forensically significant skeletal remains and the medico-legal framework in Croatia.

Intro -- Foreword by Clark Spencer Larsen -- Foreword by Christopher J. Knüsel -- Foreword by Simon Mays -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- Abstract -- 1.1 Ethics in Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology -- 1.2 Current State of Play of Ethics in Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology -- 1.3 Structure of the Book -- References -- Ethical Issues Surrounding Human Remains -- 2 The Dignity of the Dead: Ethical Reflections on the Archaeology of Human Remains -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Question of Human Dignity Regarding the Dead -- 2.3 The Symbolic Attitude Towards Death: Biological and Material Remains -- 2.4 Forgotten Death, Present Death -- 2.5 Ethical Approach to the Materiality of Forgotten Death -- 2.6 The Agathon of Bioarchaeology: The Being that Understands the Being -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- 3 What Remains? Human Rights After Death -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Argument -- 3.3 Histories -- 3.3.1 Humanitarianism -- 3.3.2 Human Rights -- 3.4 Law -- 3.5 Forensics -- 3.6 What Makes These 'Human' Rights? -- 3.7 Conclusions: What Remains? Residual Rights -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Research on Human Remains: An Ethics of Representativeness -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Sami Remains from Neiden -- 4.3 Representativeness and Research Ethics -- 4.4 Individuals and Representativeness -- 4.5 Representativeness: Two Perspectives -- 4.6 A Question of Truth -- 4.7 Co-creating Identities -- 4.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 The Ethical Awakening of Human Anatomy: Reassessing the Past and Envisioning a More Ethical Future -- Abstract -- 5.1 Changing Ethical Standards in Anatomy -- 5.1.1 Personal History of Questionable Ethical Dealings -- 5.1.2 Confronting Anonymous Archival Human Material.

Human remains are a fundamental part of the archaeological record, offering unique insights into the lives of individuals and populations in the past. Like many archaeological materials human remains require distinctive and specialised methods of recovery, analysis and interpretation, while technological innovations and the accumulation of expertise have enabled archaeologists to extract ever greater amounts of information from assemblages of skeletal material. Alongside analyses of new finds, these advances have consistently thrown new light on existing collections of human remains in museums, universities and other institutions. Given the powerful emotional, social and religious meanings attached to the dead body, it is perhaps unsurprising that human remains pose a distinctive set of ethical questions for archaeologists. With the rise of indigenous rights movements and the emergence of post-colonial nations the acquisition and ownership of human remains became a divisive and politically loaded issue. It became increasingly clear that many human remains in museum collections around the world represented the traces of colonial exploitation and discredited pseudo-scientific theories of race. In the light of these debates and changing attitudes, some human remains were returned or repatriated to their communities of origin, a process which continues to this day. Recently a new set of challenges to the study of human remains has emerged from a rather unexpected direction: the British government revised its interpretation of nineteenth-century burial legislation in a way that would drastically curtail the ability of archaeologists to study human remains of any age excavated in England and Wales. This paper examines these extraordinary events and the legal, political and ethical questions that they raise.

Transforming concerns about human remains into an issue -- Scientists contest repatriation -- The crisis of cultural authority -- The rise and impact of pagan claims-makers -- Explaining why human remains are the problem -- Covering up the mummies -- Concluding thoughts

"Foreword" -- "Preface" -- "Acknowledgments" -- "Contents" -- "Contributors" -- "About the Editors" -- "Part I: Beyond Local Jurisdictions: Science in a Global Web of Relations" -- "Chapter 1: Introduction" -- " Responding to Death at the Border" -- " Global History as Strategy of Critical Reflection" -- " A Preliminary Note on Terms and Labels" -- " Scope and Organization of the Book" -- "References" -- "Chapter 2: All That Remains" -- " All That Remains of an Afghan Girl" -- " All That Remains of Cambodian and Myanmar Migrants in Thailand" -- " All That Remains of an Indian Migrant in Dubai" -- " All That Remains Somewhere in the Sonoran Desert" -- "References" -- "Chapter 3: Capitalism and Crisis in Central America" -- " The Roots of Crisis in Central America" -- " Colonization and Independence as Elite Lockstep" -- " Total War as Foundation for Neoliberalism" -- " From Tanks to Night Watchmen: Neoliberalism and the Continuum of Violence" -- "References" -- "Chapter 4: Naming State Crimes, Naming the Dead: Immigration Policy and "The New Disappeared" in the United States and Mexico" -- " The New Disappeared: Public Policy, Vertical Borders, and Migrant Death" -- " Navigating Mexico" -- " Navigating South Texas" -- " Pardoning the State, Blaming the Dead" -- " Making Life and Death Visible" -- "References" -- "Chapter 5: Loss, Uncertainty, and Action: Ethnographic Encounters with Families of the Missing in the Central America-Mexico-United States Corridor" -- " Searching Across Borders" -- " Geographies of Risk, Disappearance, and Death" -- " Mexico: Home, Transit, and Destination" -- " Rippling Effects of Loss and Uncertainty" -- " Solidarity and Activism Among Families of the Missing" -- " Conclusion" -- "References

Introduction: Children as archaeological enigma / Güner Coskunsu -- Section 1. Theorizing (in)visbility, legitimacy, and biases in archaeological approaches to children and childhood -- The devil's advocate or our worst case scenario : the archaeology of childhood without any children / Jane Eva Baxter -- Making children legitimate : negotiating the place of children and childhoods in archaeological theory / Kathryn Kamp -- Considerations for method and theory in the archaeology of age / Scott Hutson -- Bodies and encounters : seeing invisible children in archaeology / Joanna Sofaer -- Modern biases, hunter-gatherers' children : on the visibility of children in other cultures / Nurit-Bird-David -- Section 2. Interdisciplinary and archaeological approaches to studying children and childhood in the past -- Grown up : adult height dimorphism as an archive of living conditions of boys and girls in prehistory / Eva Rosenstock -- Placing children in society : using ancient DNA to identify sex and kinship of child skeletal remains, and implications for gender and social organisation / Keri Brown -- Metaphors for understanding children and their role in culture / Jack Meacham -- Section 3. Case studies in the archaeology of childhood -- Children of the Ice Age / Paul Bahn -- Children in the anthropomorphic imagery of the European and Near Eastern Neolithic / Peter Biehl -- From playthings to sacred objects? : household enculturation rituals, figurines and plastering activities at Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey / Sharon Moses -- The ends and means of childhood : mourning children in early Greece / Susan Langdon -- The Children's Cemetery of Lugnano in Teverina, Umbria : hierarchy, magic and malaria / David Soren -- Ethnicity and sexuality in Roman imperial relief : reconstructing the pederastic gaze / Jeannine Diddle Uzzi -- "A place for everything and everything in its place" : the cultural context of late Victorian toys / Kyle Somerville -- Section 4commentaries -- Theoretical issues in investigating childhood / Frank Hole -- Grubby little fingerprints : a commentary on the visibility of childhood / Traci Ardren

Front Cover -- Human Remains: Another Dimension -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgment -- 1 Context -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Human Remains-Another Dimension -- References -- 2 The Rot Sets In: Low-Powered Microscopic Investigation of Taphonomic Changes to Bone Microstructure and its Application t... -- 2.1 Methods and Assessment -- 2.2 Danebury Iron Age Hillfort and Suddern Farm Settlement, Hampshire, UK -- 2.3 Church of St. Mary and St. Laurence, Bolsover, Derbyshire, UK -- 2.4 East Smithfield, London, UK -- 2.5 Summary -- References -- 3 Human Bone and Dental Histology in an Archaeological Context -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Bone -- 3.3 Teeth -- 3.4 Technical Considerations -- 3.5 Human Skeletal Histology in Medieval Canterbury, UK: Short Study -- 3.5.1 Materials and Methods -- 3.5.2 Results -- 3.5.3 Discussion and Summary -- 3.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 "Cut to the Bone": The Enhancement and Analysis of Skeletal Trauma Using Scanning Electron Microscopy -- 4.1 Case Study: Tool Marks and Human Dissection -- 4.2 Identification of Saws and Knives Used in Human Dissection -- 4.3 Saws -- 4.4 Knives -- 4.5 SEM Analysis: For More Than Just the Enhancement of Tool Marks -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 The Role of Radiography in Disaster Victim Identification -- References -- 6 Recording In Situ Human Remains in Three Dimensions: Applying Digital Image-Based Modeling -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Digital IBM and the "Digital Turn" -- 6.3 Funerary Taphonomy and the Third Dimension -- 6.4 Discussion -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Shedding Light on Skeletal Remains: The Use of Structured Light Scanning for 3D Archiving -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Contextual Information -- 7.2.1 Hazel Grove, Greater Manchester -- 7.2.2 Fewston, North Yorkshire

Whether reburied, concealed, stored, abandoned or publicly displayed, human remains raise a vast number of questions regarding social, legal and ethical uses by communities, public institutions and civil society organisations. This work presents a ground-breaking account of the treatment and commemoration of dead bodies resulting from incidents of genocide and mass violence. Through a range of international case studies across multiple continents, it explores the effect of dead bodies or body parts on various political, cultural and religious practices. Multidisciplinary in scope, it will appeal to readers interested in this crucial phase of post-conflict reconciliation, including students and researchers of history, anthropology, sociology, archaeology, law, politics and modern warfare.

Real understanding of past societies is not possible without including children, and yet they have been strangely invisible in the archaeological record. Compelling explanation about past societies cannot be achieved without including and investigating children and childhood.00However marginal the traces of children's bodies and bricolage may seem compared to adults, archaeological evidence of children and childhood can be found in the most astonishing places and spaces. The archaeology of childhood is one of the most exciting and challenging areas for new discovery about past societies. Children are part of every human society, but childhood is a cultural construct. Each society develops its own idea about what a childhood should be, what children can or should do, and how they are trained to take their place in the world. Children also play a part in creating the archaeological record itself

Real understanding of past societies is not possible without including children, and yet they have been strangely invisible in the archaeological record. Compelling explanation about past societies cannot be achieved without including and investigating children and childhood.00However marginal the traces of children's bodies and bricolage may seem compared to adults, archaeological evidence of children and childhood can be found in the most astonishing places and spaces. The archaeology of childhood is one of the most exciting and challenging areas for new discovery about past societies. Children are part of every human society, but childhood is a cultural construct. Each society develops its own idea about what a childhood should be, what children can or should do, and how they are trained to take their place in the world. Children also play a part in creating the archaeological record itself

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide today, but are not just a modern phenomenon. To explore the deep roots of CVDs in human history, this book brings together bioarchaeological evidence from different periods, as old as 5000 BC, and geographic locations from Alaska to Northern Africa. Experts in their fields showcase the powerful tool set available to bioarchaeology, which allows a more comprehensive reconstruction of the human past through evidence for disease. The tools include aDNA and histological analyses and digital imaging techniques for studying skeletal and mummified human remains.