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Forty million civilians were killed during wars between states and approximately 240 million civilians were murdered by their own governments during the 1900s. More than ever before, civilians are being illegally targeted by governments and rebel groups during armed conflict [6]. So, humanitarian intervention is created and is justified because the international community has a moral duty to protect common humanity and because there is a legal obligation, codified in international law, for states to intervene against large scale human rights abuses.

Pros and cons, ethics, alternatives, and role of the UN; 9 articles. Some focus on the relationship between state sovereignty and human rights.

Pros and cons of intervention by an individual country or by the UN in a sovereign nation, ostensibly for human rights purposes; ethical, legal, and practical considerations; 17 articles.

Cover -- Contents -- Introduction: Humanitarian Intervention in Contemporary International Relations -- The contemporary debate -- The end of history -- The rise of the 'international community' -- Globalization and the communication revolution -- Using this book -- PART I: CONCEPTS AND CONCEPTIONS -- 1 What is 'Humanitarian Intervention'? -- 'Humanitarian intervention', 'humanitarian action' and 'military action' -- Features of humanitarian intervention -- Conclusion -- 2 The Just War Tradition and Natural Law -- The central tenets -- The evolution of the Just War tradition -- Contemporary relevance -- Conclusion -- 3 The Sovereign State -- The evolution of the sovereign state -- Organized hypocrisy? -- Challenging the sovereign state in the contemporary era -- Conclusion -- 4 Theoretical Perspectives -- Realism -- Marxism/critical theory -- Liberalism -- The English School -- Cosmopolitanism -- Post-structuralism -- Conclusion -- PART II: CONTROVERSIES -- 5 International Law and Human Rights -- The evolution of international law -- State responsibility -- The legal status of humanitarian intervention -- 'Illegal but legitimate'? -- The need for legal reform -- Conclusion -- 6 The Responsibility to Protect -- The origins of the responsibility to protect -- International reception and evolution -- Challenging the responsibility to protect -- Conclusion -- 7 Who Decides? Authority and Legitimacy -- Legitimacy, authority, power and rights -- The UN Security Council -- Alternative authorities -- Conclusion -- 8 Motives and Means -- Motives -- Means -- Conclusion -- PART III: CASES -- 9 Humanitarian Intervention in History -- Humanitarian intervention: trends and changes -- The state and the evolution of humanitarian intervention -- Humanitarian intervention in historical context -- Conclusion: assessing the record -- 10 Rwanda.