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Cover -- Quartino -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- List of abbreviations -- Introduction -- Part I - Defining state secrecy -- Chapter 1 - State secrecy in domestic legal systems -- Chapter 2 - State secrecy in the international legal system -- Part II - State secrecy and the international protection of human rights -- Chapter 3 - State secrecy and treaty monitoring bodies'practice -- Chapter 4 - State secrecy beyond treaties: towards a customary norm prohibiting recourse to state secrecy to conceal gross human rights violations? -- Part III - Theoretical and practical issues arising from the horizoantal and vertical interaction among norms and legal orders -- Chapter 5 - From state to international organisation secrecy -- Chapter VI - To disclose or not to disclose state secrets? The dilemmas of interstate cooperation in the field of intelligence, diplomacy, and mutual legal assistence -- General conclusions -- Bibliography -- Printed by.

Co-operative Law has a long tradition in European countries, like the Industrial and Provident Act in the United Kingdom in1852 or the Prussian Co-operatives Act in 1867. The European Union was no born to create a common law but to remove restrictions on the freedom of establishment. In 2003 the Statute for a European Co-operative Society was approved, but harmonization of European co-operative legislation was never carried out, not even for its most importante distinctive elements. In 2012 the European Commission presented a report about the application of the SCE Statute showing that the SCE Regulation has had relatively little success. The differences between the different legal systems are considerable, both in forma and in content. European Commission expressed its intention not to carry out the harmonization of the European co-operative legislation directly, but to support the harmonization proposals that the co-operative sector presented to it. El derecho cooperativo tiene una larga tradición en los países europeos, desde la Industrial and Provident Act de 1952 en Reino Unido o la Ley prusiana de cooperativas de 1867. La Unión Europea no nació para crear un derecho común sino para surprimir las restricciones a la libertad de establecimiento. In 2003 se aprobó el Estatuto de la Sociedad Cooperativa Europea, pero nunca se ha llevado a cabo una armonización de la legislación cooperativa en Europa, ni siquiera en relación con sus elementos más característicos. En 2012, la Comisión Europea presentó un informe sobre la aplicación del Estatuto de la SCE que mostraba que esta regulación había tenido relativamente poco éxito. Las diferencias entre los diferentes sistemas legales son considerables, tanto formalmente como por su contenido. La Comisión Europea ya manifestó su intención de no llevar a cabo la armonización de la legislación cooperativa europea directamente, pero sí apoyar las propuestas de armonización presentadas por el sector cooperativo.

Cover -- Ringraziamenti -- Indice -- Introduzione -- Capitolo I - I caratteri distintivi della legalità sovranazionale -- Capitolo II - Le articolazioni del principio di legalità alla luce del rapporto tra ordinamenti giuridici -- Capitolo III - Legalità sovranazionale e legalità costituzionale -- Conclusioni -- INDICE DEI NOMI.

Cover -- Quartino -- Dedica -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 - International criminal trials after the 1994 genocide -- Chapter 2 - Domestic judicial responses to international crimes -- Chapter 3 - More on redress in and by Rwanda under international law -- Chapter 4 - Redress by other international actors for the 1994 genocide -- Conclusions -- Treaties and other instruments -- Table of cases -- Bibliography (selected) -- Finito di stampare -- Volumi pubblicati.

Hauptbeschreibung The contributions of this volume discuss concepts, notions, and transitions of nineteenth century international law. More specifically the questions focus on: On which premises was the juridical discipline constructed, what were the relations to other juridical, and non-juridical fields of knowledge? How did European nineteenth century international lawyers build a new legal science to be spread worldwide?

La tesi analizza le modalità di applicazione del diritto internazionale a livello interno, con particolare riguardo al ruolo svolto dalle autorità politiche nazionali.

The lack of a coherent European legislative framework, coupled with the principle of state sovereignty, induced unaccompanied migrant children to find themselves in a position which produced a situation of rightlessness, when outside of their own territories. In addition to their harsh condition, Member States national law not always provides rules for their safeguard, also often not harmonized with EU Directives. In some cases, to worsen the situation the lack of adequate policies in respect of their rights, their needs and their claims. This thesis provides an analysis of the international and European discipline, of unaccompanied minor migrants entering Europe. Juveniles, who find themselves in a hope journey without family members or guardianship, are in a very vulnerable position. In consequence of the migration crisis, especially in 2015, a massive flux of UAMs entered the European Union, so its Member States found themselves unprepared to cope with the needs of this specific category. In this thesis it is brought to light the fact that, international conventions alongside with EU legislative scheme provide a fragmented scheme for protection of separated children. Legally binding documents, as relevant International Conventions, European Treaties, Regulations and Directives are analysed, as also Conventions of the Council of Europe in concern to unaccompanied minors asylum seekers. In the paper are outlined and criticized bad practises of States on treatment and neglecting the needs of unaccompanied minor migrants, on breach of the rights of unaccompanied asylum seekers and on marginalizing unaccompanied refugee minors. In this research, have been pointed some good practises, for ameliorating their condition through the study between some European countries. The commitment showed by European Union through the European Action Plan as also by the EU to fulfil the obligations in respect of the rights of UAMs is demonstrated by the interest in revising, amending and fortifying several legally binding documents towards a more comprehensive children based approach. In compliance with this, in confirming expectations and welcoming the challenge for an international an enforced scheme of legal protection on UAMs, highlighted the recent effort of soft law by the CRC Committee and the Committee on Migrants Workers with Joint Comments. It is noteworthy that, the International Community and the European Union are meeting the need for a slow emersion on a dedicated legal framework on unaccompanied minor migrants. In conclusion, deemed that the issue of UAMs is still evolving, by figuring out the actual situation, till the end of 2017, we hope for future better assessments on the rights of the children and their indeed protection by law and by practise.

The paper takes into account a feature of Hans Kelsen's juridical thinking that has been so far rather underestimated: the weight of normativism on his theory of private law. The author closely connects Kelsen's critical approach to the notion of subjective right and further relates the legal norms to the institutions of the market economy. The interepretative assumptions of Kelsen are constantly confronted with the theoretical background that propelled the development of the modern constitutional state based on the rule of law.

As a result of the economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the Italian Competition Authority, following other countries, has increased the use of moral suasion. In the context of antitrust law, this observation allows, on the one hand, to assess the impact of alternative instruments to the classic method that is usually applied in antitrust law: legislation, violation, formal warning, sanction. On the other hand, it suggests shifting attention from rules to behaviour, based on the belief that behavioural dynamics between the logical and mandatory contents of the rules and the actual consequences are underestimated. ; As a result of the economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the Italian Competition Authority, following other countries, has increased the use of moral suasion. In the context of antitrust law, this observation allows, on the one hand, to assess the impact of alternative instruments to the classic method that is usually applied in antitrust law: legislation, violation, formal warning, sanction. On the other hand, it suggests shifting attention from rules to behaviour, based on the belief that behavioural dynamics between the logical and mandatory contents of the rules and the actual consequences are underestimated.

From Kant's cosmopolitan proposal, over and above its placing w it h in t he more specif ic space of doctrine of right, important elements emerge in connection with the project of a "critiue of reason", considered in all its architectural extension, and therefore, ultimately, in relation to what Kant really means by "human reason". And indeed - this is the hypothesis that guides the present work - precisely starting from what the treatment of cosmopolitan law reveals about the complexity of the concept of reason it becomes possible to understand in a theoretically informed way the meaning of the political-legal proposal that pervades Kant's late maturity. In order to verify this hypothesis, the present paper aims, first of all, to highlight the elements of tension in Kant's text which, if they do not always justify, certainly encourage the proliferation of various, of ten no t reconcilable readings of cosmopolitan law and the theme of hospitality; secondly, it aims to reconsider cosmopolitan law in a broader perspective, linked to the way in which Kant conceives the relationship between humanity and rationality; and finally, in the light of this perspective, to re-examine the antagonistic tension that, within the Kantian concept of hospitality, runs through the relations between visitor and visited, host and guest.

The paper describes the origins and evolution of the organisation and the scientific activity of the Institute of International and Comparative Agricultural Law (IDAIC) of Florence, from 1922 to 2016. Therefore, it adopts a historic perspective. Its originality is due to the fact that it is unique: there are not any other publications on this topic. Indeed, it describes in very great detail the link between the IDAIC and the Italian Rivista di Diritto Agrario and the Italian and foreign scholars and researchers. After their studies at the IDAIC these researchers have maintained their professional relationship with the Institute and Italian agricultural law scholars and researchers. Moreover, the paper lists Congresses, publications and scientific research conducted by the IDAIC, which are described in great depth and also related to financial sources received for each research project (that, perhaps, may have been more appropriately omitted). ; L'articolo presenta l'organizzazione e il funzionamento dell'Istituto di diritto internazionale e comparato (IDAIC) di Firenze nell'arco di 95 anni. L'Istituto affonda le sue radici nel 1922, l'anno in cui Giangastone Bolla fondò la Rivista di diritto agrario, un forum di discussione su tematiche del diritto agrario, in particolare della sua autonomia. L'autore espone in modo molto dettagliato l'operato e i risultati conseguiti a vari livelli: cooperazione scientifica, sopratutto di stampo internazionale, organizzazione di conferenze e congressi, attività e viaggi di ricerca, pubblicazioni. Nel corso degli anni l'Istituto è diventato rinomato, non solo in Europa, come punto di riferimento di tutti gli studiosi di diritto agrario nel mondo, influenzandone lo sviluppo su tutti i continenti. La sua storia continua con la Sezione fiorentina di Diritto Agrario Internazionale e Comparato dell'Istituto romano di Studi giuridici internazionali. L'autore sostiene che la Sezione sia bene equipaggiata per arrivare al centesimo anno di edizione della Rivista di diritto agrario e anche per superarlo, nonché di tenere a disposizione la propria Biblioteca a coloro che vogliano studiare il diritto, l'economia, la storia, la politica dell'agricoltura. Perché, consapevole che è bene proiettarsi nel futuro con la ricchezza del passato, essa, come già l'IDAIC, sa lavorare sodo e sognare in grande. ; 20 ; 1 ; 185 ; 232 ; 9 ; Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

This volume investigates interdisciplinary intersections between law and the humanities from the Renaissance to the present day. It allows for fruitful encounters between different disciplines: from literature to science, from the visual arts to the post-human, from the postmodern novel's experimentation to most recent approaches towards the legal interpretation of literary texts. This productive dialogue fosters original perspectives in the interpretation of and reflection upon identity, justice, power and human rights and values, thus underlining the role of literature in the articulation of relevant cultural issues pertaining to specific periods.

L'indagine è dedicata all'esame della disciplina delle società a partecipazione pubblica ed, in particolare, delle società c.d. "legali", muovendo in prima battuta dall'interrogativo relativo alla rilevanza, a fini "qualificatori", dell'interesse pubblico quale profilo ordinante dell'azionariato pubblico da un punto di vista "politico-economico" – e dunque quale dato di rilevanza meta-postiva – ovvero quale elemento di qualificazione della fattispecie, in senso proprio, delle società medesime. Le riflessioni che ne seguono si sviluppano, in primo luogo, tenendo conto del progressivo affievolimento, nel nostro ordinamento, della distinzione tra "pubblico" e "privato" quali "insiemi regole" il cui presupposto di applicazione è da ravvisare nella "qualità" e nella natura del soggetto agente nei rapporti di diritto privato. Previa analisi diacronica della traiettoria seguita dal legislatore in materia di società pubbliche e previa illustrazione del panorama normativo odierno delle società a statuto singolare, l'indagine si sofferma (i) dapprima, sulla esposizione, in chiave critica, dell'orientamento caratteristico della giurisprudenza e della dottrina amministrativa, nelle quali è invalsa – ai fini dell'individuazione della disciplina applicabile – la tendenza a riqualificare le società di che trattasi, con assimilazione di esse agli enti pubblici; e (ii) in un secondo momento, ferma la ritenuta non omologabilità delle richiamate tesi "riqualificatorie", si è ritenuto di poter individuare il proprium delle c.d. società legali, a fattispecie esclusiva, negli effetti determinati dalla costituzione legale, da intendere quale sottrazione alla disponibilità delle parti della libera attuazione del programma associativo, nella quale sottrazione è dato ravvisare - anche per effetto dell'interpretazione analogica dell'art. 2451 cod. civ. - l'interesse pubblico sotteso alla costituzione della società medesima. Interesse, questo, al quale deve conformarsi, in termini di coerenza e congruità, in concreto, l'attività sociale e, dunque, l'interpretazione della disciplina di diritto comune societario. ; This PhD thesis deals with the examination of rules regarding State-owned companies, especially the so-called "società legali", i.e. companies which specific statute is entirely (or in part) codified and regulated (for that company) by the Legislator or the Government. The starting point of the enquire is the question about the legal nature of these companies, since their qualification from a politic and economic point of view is important to understand if they have to follow or not special laws. In this framework, the identification of public interest for public shareholders is a decisive element. Reflections follow on the gradual fading of the distinction between "public law" and "private law" as rules whose application does depends on the "quality" and legal nature of the agent. After a diachronic analysis both of the historical evolution of State-owned companies which statute has been regulated by laws, and of legislative and regulatory framework of nowadays State-owned companies, the enquire focuses on jurisprudence and doctrine, underlining the difference between the thought of public and commercial law scholars. In particular, while public law scholars developed the tendency to re-qualify companies assimilating them to public authorities/public bodies, from the private law point of view there is the awareness that this assimilation is not approvable, since the core of the problem lies in the effects produced by the legal set of norms regulating the statute of the State-owned companies, to be understood as a subtraction to shareholders (both public and private ones) of free implementation of the company "programmed activity" as the result of the predominance of public interest, with which the company has to comply. ; Dottorato di ricerca in Diritto ed economia: interessi rilevanti e tutele (XXIV ciclo)