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Para el análisis fructífero de las relaciones económicas internacionales parece indispensable reconocer que las condiciones de producción en el capitalismo tardío o economía globalizada carecen de una racionalidad que las sostenga. Esta falta de racionalidad explica, por un lado las dificultades de predicción y, por otro lado, la pérdida de orientación simbólica en el imaginario colectivo. Tales dificultades se relacionan en la práctica de los negocios con la imposibilidad de garantizar la continuidad de posiciones dominantes. Y en la teoría permiten descartar las visiones conspirativas que durante varias décadas simplificaron las explicaciones acerca del poder económico. En este marco los Estados nacionales y los actores privados se ven obligados a perseverar en un sistema de negociación permanente. A fin de responder a semejante desafío debe pulirse al máximo la capacidad para identificar prioridades nacionales y aplicar estrategias de negociación, aspectos que precisamente constituyen debilidades sintomáticas de los países en desarrollo. A propósito de dichas necesidades aparecen los denominados "acuerdos de libre comercio" (ALC), cuya progresiva difusión se debe precisamente a que promueven ámbitos de racionalidad o previsibilidad ajustada al objetivo de preservar y profundizar los nexos de interdependencia comercial y económica entre pares o grupos de países, contrarrestando así la incertidumbre prevaleciente a escala global. ; For the successful analysis of international economic relations seems essential to recognize that the conditions of production in late capitalism lack of a global rationality that sustains it. This lack of rationality explains the difficulties in predicting affairs and also allow us to understand the symbolic loss of orientation in the collective imagination. The difficulties in predicting and hence related to planning in business practice are bond with the impossibility of ensuring continuity of dominant positions. And in theory those difficulties aid to preclude the conspiratorial visions which for decades ordered and simplified explanations about economic power. Within this framework national governments and private actors are forced to persevere in a system of continuous negotiations. To meet such a challenge must be polished to the maximum the ability to identify national priorities and negotiating strategies, aspects that are just sign of weakness in developing countries.On the occasion of these needs have emerged so-called "free trade agreements" (FTA), whose progressive spread is precisely to promote an adjusted predictability and by this way preserving and deepening the ties of trade and economic interdependence between pairs or groups of countries, thus counteracting the prevailing global uncertainty. ; Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales

despite the conclusions of the liberal analysis, war and militarism appear in international economic relations because interests between states are often divergent. The sharing of rents of raw materials and the concrete conditions for economic competition create many opportunities for conflict. Under certain conditions, war is still an interesting situation and an opportunity for certain economic and political interests. The globalisation of international flows of goods, capital and information poses major risks, including shortages of food and raw materials, systemic financial crises and global cyber attacks. ; International audience This article questions the persistence of militarism in a globalized economy, contrary to the conclusions of the liberal economic theory. Globalization even seems to generate new sources of international conflict and new ways of waging war. ; despite the conclusions of the liberal analysis, war and militarism appear in international economic relations because interests between states are often divergent. The sharing of rents of raw materials and the concrete conditions for economic competition create many opportunities for conflict. Under certain conditions, war is still an interesting situation and an opportunity for certain economic and political interests. The globalisation of international flows of goods, capital and information poses major risks, including shortages of food and raw materials, systemic financial crises and global cyber attacks. ; Malgré les conclusions de l'analyse libérale, la guerre et le militarisme s'invitent dans les relations économiques internationales parce que les intérêts entre les Etats sont souvent divergents. Le partage des loyers des matières premières et les conditions concrètes de la concurrence économique créent de nombreuses opportunités de conflits. Dans certaines conditions, la guerre est toujours une situation intéressante et une opportunité pour certains intérêts économiques et politiques. La mondialisation des flux internationaux de ...

This last paper in the volume tries to pull the threads together and to detect trends of evolution in the analysis of international relations. The discussion is limited to three issues deemed basic to this evolution: 1) the increasing g importance of technology and its impact on the world System, and especially on one of its basic components: the nation-state ; 2) contents and characteristics of the new industry of futurology ; and 3) the rise of political economy as a basic approach to the study of international relations. It is suggested that we are growing beyond such simplistic divisions as "High" and "Low Politics", and obsession with methodologism per se, and that we are increasingly putting rigor and interdisciplinarity in the service of analysing "substantial" issues of international relations.

"Les Relations internationales suscitent un intérêt croissant auprès des étudiants qui, dans leur vie professionnelle à venir, seront quotidiennement au contact du monde extérieur. La discipline se présente ainsi comme un enseignement de synthèse, destiné à intégrer la dimension extérieure des différents cursus universitaires. Cet ouvrage d'introduction aux Relations internationales se présente donc comme un instrument d'accompagnement des étudiants des instituts d'études politiques, des facultés de droit et d'économie ainsi qu'aux élèves des classes préparatoires. Afin de mieux appréhender les caractéristiques du monde contemporain, celui-ci a été abordé à partir de quatre « scènes » distinctes : - la scène de la société interétatique est le domaine privilégié des diplomaties ; - la scène des organisations internationales permet de comprendre comment la coopération intergouvernementale peut, sous certaines conditions, se transformer en intégration supranationale ; - la scène de la société transnationale analyse les conséquences de l'ouverture des sociétés internes sur le monde ; - enfin, la scène de l'économie-monde est le domaine d'expansion du marché qui organise l'interdépendance des nations. La prise en compte des dimensions historique, politique, économique, sociologique et juridique des Relations internationales vise ainsi à comprendre le rôle des multiples acteurs impliqués dans la structuration du monde contemporain, lequel oscille en permanence entre coopération et compétition."

French edition (Paris, A. Colin, 1923) has title: Limpérialisma économique et les relations internationales pendant le dernier-demi-siècle (1870-1920). ; Bibliography: p. 171-178. ; Mode of access: Internet.