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Since 2005 there has been an upward trend in deliveries of major conventional arms. The annual average for 2004-2008 was 21 per cent higher than for 2000-2004. Almost 80 per cent of the volume of exports for the period 2004-2008 was accounted for by the five largest suppliers-the United States, Russia, Germany, France & the United Kingdom. China remained the single largest recipient for the period 2004-2008 but imports decreased significantly in the past two years. Deliveries to Asia & the Middle East increased. The negative impact of small volumes of arms deliveries was highlighted by the case of the renewed civil war in Sri Lanka. Adapted from the source document.

"Basic Documents in International Law draws together all of the most important documents needed for the study of international law. Collated by Ian Brownlie, a worldwide expert in the field, this book has provided students and practitoners with the most essential instruments giving a thorough grounding in this diverse and fascinating field of law." "This sixth edition incorporates all key new documents within the field since the publication of the fifth edition in 2002, including the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court." "Since the first edition appeared in 1967, this collection of basic texts has become an established aid both to the practising lawyer using international law materials, and to the student of international law as a complement to existing course books. As the title states, the objective of the collection has always been to provide readers with the essential, basic documents, and this edition continues to do so, building on the aims and reputation established over the last 40 years." "This book will be helpful to undergraduates and postgraduates following International Law modules as part of their law degree programme, and small secondary market for practitioners. It may also be used by international relations students, as an accompaniment to a textbook."--Jacket

When the International Criminal Court announced on March 4, 2009, that it was pressing charges of war crimes against Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir, a set of unintended consequences were thrown into motion. Al-Bashir responded by expelling thirteen of the international humanitarian aid organizations working in Sudan, as well as shutting down Khartoum's human rights organizations & human service agencies. In a country already racked by violence, poverty, & insecurity, the results were disastrous. This article looks at the legitimacy & effectiveness of the ICC in the face of such defiance & unintentional consequences. Adapted from the source document.

Defining violence against women -- Scope and context -- Social and health consequences -- Prevalence and circumstances -- Types of violence -- Harmful traditional practices -- Administration efforts -- Interagency activities -- Key issues and related U.S. activities -- Global health -- Related U.S. activities -- Humanitarian assistance and refugees -- Related U.S. activities -- Foreign military training -- Related U.S. activities -- Trafficking in women and girls -- Related U.S. activities -- Legal and political rights -- Related U.S. activities -- Selected United Nations and other international efforts -- U.N. conferences, agreements, and resolutions -- United Nations and U.N. system activities -- Other international efforts -- Policy issues for congress -- Scope, effectiveness, and funding of current U.S. programs -- Integration into foreign assistance programs and additional funding -- Coordination among U.S. agencies and departments -- Collaboration with international organizations -- Possible program implementation challenges -- Infrastructure and priorities -- Most effective approaches? -- Program evaluation -- Lack of comparable data -- Current and emerging issues -- The role of men and boys -- Link to HIV/AIDS -- Discrimination and violence -- Possible economic impacts

International crimes, such as crimes against humanity, genocide and war crimes, are committed by individuals. However, individuals rarely commit such crimes for their own profit. Instead, such crimes are often caused by collective entities. Notable examples include the 'dirt war' in Argentina in the 1970s and 1980s, the atrocities committed during the Balkan Wars in the early 1990s and the crimes committed during the ongoing armed conflicts in the Darfur area in Sudan. Referring to Darfur, the Prosecutor of the ICC noted in 2008 that, although he had indicted a few individuals, 'the information gathered points to an ongoing pattern of crimes committed with the mobilisation of the wohle state apparatus' ... (Quelle: Text Verlagseinband / Verlag)