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International sanctions as international punishment
In: International organization, Volume 43, Issue Spring 89
ISSN: 0020-8183
Examines the purposes of punishment and reveals that only some are understandable when a model of means-end rationality is used, suggesting that the element of the nonrational also plays an important role in international sanctions. (Abstract amended)
International law and international relations
In: International organization books
International law and international relations
In: International relations for the twenty-first century
International labour migration and international development
In: International Migration for Employment, Working Paper, MIG WP 1
International policing and international relations
In: International relations: the journal of the David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies, Volume 26, Issue 2, p. 181-198
ISSN: 0047-1178
World Affairs Online
International Civil Society: International Non-Governmental Organizations in the International System
In: International social science journal: ISSJ, Volume 44, p. 417-431
ISSN: 0020-8701
An analysis of how international nongovernment organizations (INGOs) have come to modify or challenge the international system. The introduction of transnational forces -- ie, nonstate entities of a social, political, scientific, religious, environmental, or other nature -- into the study of international relations does not merely shift or cut across boundaries, but calls for a new, intrinsicially pluralistic approach. The interplay of factors & actors outside the conventional frame of reference of territorial sovereign states exposes a multipolar world that encompasses a variety of intersecting sociopolitical "forces of attraction" of a predominantly economic, ethnic, or religious character. The transnational approach particularly emphasizes three aspects of nonstate entities: their historical precedence over the state system; INGOs' role as the subjects & makers of international law; & the latter's effective scope of action in the contemporary world, either as shapers of opinion, as autonomous actors, or in competition with states. As central components of a potential international civil society, their transnationalization poses the question of the universal character of the state, & hence of civil society, & the groupings that structure it across national borders. 2 Illustrations, 41 References. AA