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The article deals with the provisions on international adoption through the prism of the Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Cooperation in the field of International Adoption in 1993, the problematic issues adopted by foreign nationals. Issues of legal conflicts between the Hague Convention and Ukrainian legislation on the prohibition of same-sex marriage and its impact on inter-state adoption have been identified. In order to ensure more effective control and supervision of the fate of adopted children, it is proposed to create an international legal database (database) and to establish a single register of adopted Ukrainian children by foreign nationals. To resolve the issue of allowing same-sex couples to adopt a Convention, initiate before the United Nations the right of countries with the prohibition of same-sex marriage to admit a convention of non-acceptance of this article (as prohibited by Article 40 of the Convention) for the purpose of further implementation in the legislation of both our state and other states. with a reservation (restriction, exclusion) to strengthen the normative international regulation of the protection of the rights of the child. Regarding the issue of abuse of international adopters, we consider it necessary to offer an alternative - to strengthen by means of legislative enshrining in both national and international law measures to protect the life of the child as an object of international adoption by increasing the degree of control over the adoption and subsequent fate of the child in the form of specially created reports each country's Interstate Adoption Authority. To ensure more effective control and supervision of the fate of adopted children, we propose to create an international legal database (database) and to establish a single register of adopted Ukrainian children by foreign citizens.

According to the nature of the Westphalian system, the independent state is the central actor in international relations. However, the discipline has not developed theoretical approaches regarding the independence process, which is considered more a concern of the international law and the political interests of state actors. Then, in this article, the issue of independence is analyzed as a basic step for political entities to access statehood, becoming a basisfor understanding the role of the independent state in the Westphalian order. It is necessary to observe the variations in the conception of independence, especially regarding self-determination and recognition principle, acknowledging the existence of deep changes in the international system. This principle has had greater relevance since the 1990s due to the disintegration processes of some countries, particularly the case of Kosovo. Taiwan is also a relevant experience. Another key point is the weakening process of the state, with the appearance of variants that question the status and existence of the state actor. At the end of this paper, a brief reference is made to the Latin and Central Americanexperience, which shows particularities since the 19th century. ; El actor central en las relaciones internacionales es el Estado soberano independiente, según la naturaleza del sistema westfaliano; sin embargo, en la disciplina no se han desarrollado enfoques teóricos sobre el proceso de independencia. Se considera más un asunto del derecho internacional y de los intereses políticos de los actores estatales. Por ello, se analiza en este trabajo, la cuestión de la independencia como un paso básico para que las entidades políticas accedan a la categoría de Estado, lo que sirve de fundamento para entender el papel del Estado independiente en el orden westfaliano. Al reconocer que hay cambios profundos en el sistema internacional, es necesario observar las variaciones en la concepción de independencia, sobre todo en relación con el principio de autodeterminación y el reconocimiento.Esto tiene mayor relevancia a partir de la década de 1990, por los procesos de desintegración de algunos países, en particular, el caso de Kosovo; otra experiencia relevante es Taiwán. A lo anterior, se suma el debilitamiento del Estado, con la aparición de variantes que cuestionan la estatidad y la existencia del actor estatal. Al final,se hace una breve referencia a la experiencia latinoamericana y centroamericana, que muestran particularidades desde el siglo XIX.

By combating malaria with mosquito nets or buildingschools and providing basic sanitation, philanthropyis helping transform the developing world. Rich donorsare devoting fortunes?many of them earnedthrough computer software, entertainment, and venture capitalism?to defeating poverty and improving lives, supplementingand in some cases surpassing official aid channels.Frombillionaires Bill and Melinda Gates and WarrenBuffett to Aliko Dangote and George Soros, the titans ofcapitalism are backing good causes with their cash. Whetherfinancing new vaccines, building libraries, or buying upAmazon rai

Esta infografía, entre otros, anota que la corrupción vulnera a la democracia y a los derechos humanos, atenta contra la ley, fomenta la concentración de poder, produce pobreza e inequidad, exacerba el crimen, genera daño ambiental. Transparency International exige la rendición de cuentas, defiende los derechos y las libertades fundamentales para garantizar el buen aprovechamiento de los recursos públicos y la aplicación efectiva de la ley y justicia; asimismo, apoya a los ciudadanos en sus esfuerzos para vencer a la corrupción y promover el bien común.

The evolution of international society invites us to analyze whether the new heterogeneous multipolarity and globalization are complementary or contradictory realities, and whether international law is a law in transition or in transition. It is not surprising that international law has been challenged in its formulation and conditioned in its application, leading to a contradictory process of transformation. The unity of the legal system is also questioned theoretically and practically by political-ideological and cultural-religious differences. The study and teaching of international law should not be presided over by formalistic interpretation, ideological justification or political pragmatism, but by intellectual concern, scientific honesty and moral commitment. ; La evolución de la sociedad internacional invita a analizar si la nueva multipolaridad heterogénea y la globalización son realidades complementario o contradictorias entre sí, y si el Derecho internacional es un derecho de transición o está en transición. No resulta sorprendente que el Derecho Internacional se haya visto cuestionado en su formulación y condicionado en su aplicación provocando un contradictorio proceso de transformación. También la unidad del ordenamiento jurídico queda cuestionada teórica y prácticamente por diferencias político-ideológicas y las culturales-religiosas. El estudio y enseñanza del Derecho Internacional no debería estar presidido por una interpretación formalista, la justificación ideológica o el pragmatismo político, sino por la inquietud intelectual, la honestidad científica y el compromiso moral.

The article analyzes the role of different international organizations and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in the field of international protection of children's rights. The main idea of the article is to determine modern methods and mechanisms of protection and realization of children's rights in international law. Much attention is given to the fact that there are a lot of different international documents that regulate this issue. The author analyzed such documents are Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Declaration of the Rights of the Child and expressed her opinion on their effectiveness. It is described in short the protection of children's rights at the regional level. The article outlines the opinions and views of various scholars who had been working in the field of child rights protection. The article admonishes that everybody has the right to apply to the European Court of Human Rights in case of violation and non-recognition of rights. The article states that numerous ECHR decisions exist on issues related to the protection of the rights of the child based on the provisions of international law. The article defines some problematic aspects of the protection of children's rights. Some attention is drawn to the collisions of the legal regulation of this issue and cases of violation of the rights of the child. Theoretical concepts and practical experience regarding the international protection of the rights of the child in international law are explored in the article. The author mentions that the national legislation of some countries in the sphere of children's rights is not perfect enough. Therefore international standards have to serve as a basis on which it would be possible to construct and develop a domestic law system that will respect children's rights. It is stressed that in the modern world exists a tendency for recognition of almost all rights and interests of the child. It is reported that new mechanisms for the protection of children's rights are developing because ...

The article deals with the peculiarities and importance of diplomacy in the mechanism of international territorial disputes settlement by analyzing the results of scientific research and the legal framework. Diplomatic means of resolving international territorial disputes have been found to include so-called "reconciliation facilities", including negotiations, consultations, investigative and conciliation commissions, mediation, good services, etc. It has been established that diplomatic means are determined by the fact that the parties to the dispute independently "control" the dispute and may accept or reject the proposed mechanism of dispute settlement. It has been found that negotiation is the simplest, most convenient and acceptable means for the parties to an international dispute. They represent the process of finding disputes by the parties themselves by establishing direct contact and reaching an agreement between them. It has been established that consultations are a type of negotiation. They are used to continue the established contacts. Consultations are sought when negotiations need to be resumed in the light of emerging circumstances. It has been found that another type of regulation of international territorial disputes is the institution of peaceful settlement through the use of good services, which are a set of international legal norms that regulate the activities of third countries or international organizations for the purpose of their own initiative or at the request of are in conflict and aimed at establishing or renewing direct negotiations. It has been found that situations sometimes arise when the essence of the conflict is reduced to a different understanding of the factual circumstances that gave rise to the dispute. In such a case, the conclusion of investigative and conciliation commissions may be accelerated. "Virtual" diplomacy has been singled out as a kind of diplomatic way of resolving international territorial disputes, which is of ancillary character. It is emphasized that ...

Глобалізація світової економіки, вплинула і на розвиток туристичного сектору. Сучасний туризм відкриває особливості масового туристичного продукту разом із його стандартизацією та серійним виробництвом, спеціалізацією та різноманітністю його пропозицій, а також із сучасним продажем та рекламою, часто віртуальною. Розвиток світової економіки туризму є результатом задоволення людських потреб, починаючи з потреби на відпочинок та дозвілля, відновлення фізичних сил, споживацьких потреб і закінчуючи розумовими потребами: новий досвід, сприйняття та пізнання. Було визначено поняття глобалізації, що це є сукупність процесів інтенсифікації економічних, політичних, соціокультурних відносин, що розгортаються поверх державних кордонів. Систематизовано статистичну інформацію, яка є невід'ємним доказом розвитку глобалізації в міжнародному туризмі. Виявлено проблеми, які існують на сучасному етапі розвитку міжнародного туризму та процесів глобалізації. Систематизовано основні риси процесу глобалізації бізнесу. Визначено значення процесу глобалізації для розвитку міжнародного туризму. Розглянуто процес утворення глобальних туристських об'єднань. Подано поняття турпродукту та місце ТНК в міжнародному туризмі. Турпродукт, як відомо, представляє комплекс послуг, що надаються туристу, і часто споживається за кордоном. Глобалізацію в туризмі можна визначити як процес різкого посилення туристичних потоків, а також потоків послуг, капіталу, інформації та технологій, як правило, не потрапляють під регулювання національних урядів. Глобалізація має довготривалий характер, а її рушійною силою є, перш за все, революція у сфері інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій, лібералізація ринків і загострення міжнародної конкуренції. ; The globalization of the global economy also influenced the development of the tourism sector. Modern tourism opens the peculiarities of the mass tourist product along with its standardization and serial production, the specialization and variety of its offers, as well as with modern sales and advertising, often virtual. The development of the world economy of tourism is the result of satisfaction of human needs, from the need for rest and leisure, the restoration of physical strength, consumer needs and ending with mental needs: new experience, perception and knowledge. The concept of globalization was defined, this combination of processes of intensification of economic, political, socio-cultural relations, unfolding floor of state borders. Statistical information is systematized, which is an inalienable proof of the development of globalization in international tourism. The problems that exist at the present stage of the development of international tourism and the processes of globalization are revealed. The main features of the process of globalization of business are systematized. The importance of the globalization process for the development of international tourism has been determined. The process of formation of global tourist associations is considered. The concept of tourist products and the place of TNCs in international tourism is presented. Tourist products are known to represent a complex of services to tourists, and are often consumed abroad. Globalization in tourism can be defined as a process of sharpening the flow of tourism flows, as well as flows of services, capital, information and technology, as a rule, do not fall under the control of national governments. Globalization has a long-term character, and its driving force is, first of all, the revolution in the field of information and communica tion technologies, market liberalization and the exacerbation of international competition.

The article deals with the correlation between the European Union law and international law. Constant participation of the European Union and its members in international organizations gave a rise to the need for establishment of interrelation between the sources of international law particularly international agreements and customs and sources of European Union law such as regulating agreements and acts of the EU institutions as well as necessity to identify which norms should be applied in a certain case and which hierarchical connections exist in these sources. This issue was research by numerous Ukrainian and foreign scholars such as T.V. Komarova, O.V. Plotnikov, K. Zigler, I.I. Maryniv, R. Jennigs, K. Tomushat and others. But unlike scientific research EU agreements do not have any provisions which would identify the type of relations between EU law and international law. It is also necessary to note that the only subject which position is important in this sphere is EU Court. In order to answer the mentioned questions decisions of the EU Court which had an impact on the formation of a new law and order on international level such as the one of the European Union (for example decision in case Van Gend en Loos) and decision of the Court which established fundamental positions regarding correlation of EU law and international law (for example in case Kadi v Council and Commission) were researched into. Provisions of EU regulating agreements related to international agreements and their place in the system of norms of the European Union were analyzed. To see the procedure of applying customary law in European law case law of the EU Court was researched. The article provides modern position of the EU Court regarding interaction between European and international law.

International migration is a global phenomenon, with its complexity, volume and influence on the economic development of countries constantly increasing. The aim of the article is to study the state of external migration processes in Ukraine and the world, analyze factors and main trends, determine the causes of external labor population migration and their consequences for the social and economic development of our country, reveal the existing threats and negative consequences of the international labor migration for the migrants and the economy of Ukraine. The methodology of researching the scope and dynamics of migration processes, the specific features of the migration policy development in Ukraine and the world is based on the application of general scientific and special methods of the scientific research: dialectical, systematic approaches, sociological survey, comparison, statistical analysis. A particular attention is paid to the identification of the social and economic causes and consequences of the international labor migration from Ukraine. The directions of the Ukrainian labor migration, taking into account the age groups and employment sectors of domestic labor migrants, are analyzed. The main approaches to improving the state migration policy based on the regulation of labor migration processes in Ukraine, slowing the dynamics of the population migration, the retention of the population number and structure at the level providing support for the territories economic development, improvement of the national international legislation, suspension of migration expenditures, creation of conditions for the cohort of Ukrainian citizens working abroad reverse migration, etc.

This article is devoted to the study of the legal regulation of international adoption in Ukraine. This article analyzes the content of the main regulations governing the implementation of international adoption. The key differences between international adoption and adoption within the state are identified. This study focuses on international agreements in the field of international adoption, as they regulate this issue in the most detail and ensure well-established, effective cooperation between member states. The state of national legislation of Ukraine in the field of international adoption is analyzed, in particular in terms of bringing it in line with international agreements that establish the principles of adoption, as well as establish guarantees of children's rights in the adoption procedure. Given that Ukraine has identified a vector for ratification of the Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption, the article examines its mechanisms and safeguards to avoid a number of negative phenomena that occur in the field of international adoption. The article presents statistics that indicate that the adoption of children from Ukraine is numerous among foreigners, which confirms the need to pay special attention to international adoption. The most acute problems in the field of international adoption and ways to solve them have been identified. Thus, it is established that currently the legislation of Ukraine does not provide effective mechanisms to prevent the abduction and sale of children under the guise of international adoption. To combat this problem, the Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption establishes a number of rules that must be followed in the implementation of international adoption, which confirms the importance of acceding to this agreement. There is also a lack of legal regulation, which is the lack of proper socio-psychological assessment of the child's readiness for adoption. Attention ...

1. El papel de las políticas macroeconómicas en el fomento delcrecimiento favorable al empleo2. Metas de empleo; 3. Sistemas de protección social favorables al empleo: uncírculo virtuoso de desarrollo económico y social; 4. Fortalecimiento de la no discriminación y la igualdad degénero en el empleo; Anexo 1. Principales normas internacionales del trabajorelacionadas con las políticas de empleo; Anexo 2. Países que han ratificado el Convenio núm. 122; Capítulo 2. Panorama del proceso deformulación de políticas deempleo; Índice.