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В статті досліджуються особливості функціонування національної економіки в умовах глобалізації. Підкреслюється, що міжнародний поділ праці, міжнародна економічна інтеграція, політичні стосунки між країнами, поглиблення міжнародних відносин сприяють процесу глобалізації. ; In the article the features of functioning of national economy in the conditions of globalization are explored. It is underlined, that international division of labour, international economic integration, political relations between countries, deepening of international relations are instrumental in the process of globalization.

This thesis is about International Medical Graduates or foreign doctors, trained outside the European Economic Area, who settle permanently in the Netherlands. From the early nineties the number of foreign doctors residing in the Netherlands either as refugees or as partners/spouses of Dutch citizens has risen steadily. Foreign doctors who wish to practise medicine in the Netherlands must obtain a declaration of professional competence, issued by the Department of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS). A considerable number of foreign doctors received negative decisions by the Health Department. They were not allowed to practise medicine in the Netherlands. As a result, from the mid nineties, a growing number of foreign doctors applied to the medical faculties for admission as medical students in order to obtain a Dutch medical degree. Therefore, in 1995, it was decided to institute the Committee Influx Foreign Doctors (CIBA), a central placing committee. Between 1996 and 2007 the CIBA has processed over a 1000 admission requests. Until 2002, in spite of the imminent shortage of doctors, the Department of Health had done little to enhance the use of the expertise brought in by the foreign doctors for the benefit of Dutch society. The focus of this investigation has been: 1. How is it guaranteed that foreign doctors meet the medical quality standards (knowledge, skills, attitude), or how is the assessment of these qualities measured. And 2. After obtaining permanent residency in the Netherlands, do foreign doctors have access to the profession for which they had qualified before in their country of origin or another non-EEA country? Late 2001 the Department of Health and the medical schools were stimulated to cooperate in order to improve the additional training programmes for foreign doctors. It led to the new assessement procedure for foreign doctors that came into force in December 2005. This thesis contains two reports on the medical careers of foreign doctors. These investigations showed that nearly all ...

UK: Досліджено питання міжнародної торгівлі та обслуговуючої кооперації як взаємопов'язаних складових країн з розвиненою економікою. Оцінено масштаби розвитку кооперативів у сільському господарстві розвинутих зарубіжних країн. Проаналізовано проблеми та ускладнення, які стримують вихід сільськогосподарської продукції України на міжнародні ринки. Визначено місце та роль обслуговуючих кооперативів на ринку сільськогосподарської продукції. Зроблено висновок щодо перспектив розвитку обслуговуючої кооперації на селі з урахуванням змін та доповнень в законодавстві. EN: Questions of international trade and serving cooperation as the making countries with the developed economy are investigated. Scales of development of cooperative societies in agriculture of the developed foreign countries are estimated. Problems and complexities which constrain an exit of agricultural production of Ukraine on the international markets are analyzed. The place and a role of serving cooperative societies in the market of agricultural production are defined. It is drawn a conclusion on prospects of development of serving cooperation in village taking into account changes and additions in the legislation.

In de Nederlandse economie neemt de landbouw een belangrijke plaats in. Uit economisch oogpunt is de landbouw, samen met de toeleverende en verwerkende bedrijven, een van de belangrijkste sectoren. Ook is in het verstedelijkte Nederland de landbouw de grootste grondgebruiker. Geen andere sector is zo nauw verbonden met milieu en natuur. Op de nationale en internationale beleidsagenda's prijkt de landbouw nog altijd prominent. Van boterberg naar biobased, de Nederlandse landbouw in perspectief geeft een actueel overzicht van ontwikkelingen in de Nederlandse landbouw en het beleid dat zich hier op richt. Verschillende experts belichten in vijftien hoofdstukken, o.a. de economische positie van de landbouw, internationale aspecten van beleid en agrarische markten, en de relatie tussen landbouw, milieu en natuur. Recente ontwikkelingen rond klassieke onderwerpen als pacht en melkquota worden besproken, maar ook is er aandacht voor meer recente thema's als biobased economy en agrarisch natuurbeheer. Van boterberg naar biobased biedt daarmee een gedegen en up-to-date overzicht van de Nederlandse landbouw voor diegenen die in professionele zin met deze sector te maken hebben