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Grundlagen des Immaterialgüterrechts: Das italienische, europäische und internationale Markenrecht und Markenprozessrecht von Christoph Perathoner -- Introduzione al diritto brevettuale italiano von Niccolò Ferretti und Alessandro Zito -- Introduzione al design in Italia: uno sguardo d'insieme von Niccolò Ferretti und Alessandro Zito -- Die Grundzüge des Designrechts in Deutschland von Philipp Steichele -- Aktuelle Rechtsprechung zum österreichischen und europäischen Urheberrecht von Manfred Büchele -- Die geographischen Angaben im CETA-Abkommen: Keine neuen Schläuche für alten Wein von Georg Miribung -- Schwerpunkt: Schadensersatz wegen Verletzung von Immaterialgüterrechten: Der europäische Deliktsgerichtsstand und die gewerblichen Schutzrechte - Art. 7 Nr. 2 Brüssel Ia-VO im Lichte der aktuellen Rechtsprechung von Peter Kindler -- Das Schutzlandprinzip als Grundlage für die Behandlung von grenzüberschreitenden Schadensersatzansprüchen aus der Verletzung geistigen Eigentums von Simon Laimer -- Schadensersatz und Gewinnherausgabe bei Immaterialgüterrechtsverletzungen nach italienischem Recht von Gregor Christandl -- Weiterführende Fragen und Ausblick: I profili costituzionali della tutela dei diritti sui beni immateriali von Carola Pagliarin -- Immaterialgüter und europäisches Wettbewerbsrecht von Thomas Müller.-Der strafrechtliche Schutz vor industrieller Produktpiraterie im Lichte nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Vorgaben von Lukas Staffler -- Ausblick auf die zukünftige Entwicklung des Internationalen Immaterialgüterrechts in der Europäischen Union von Andreas Schwartze.

At head of title: 1911- Institut international d'agriculture; Organisation des nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The aim of the research is to analyze the role of the consumer in a detailed way. Firstly I defined the concepts of "consumption" and "consumer", giving relief to the socio-economic theories that have characterized the subject during recent years,and taking in consideration the process of consumption and the behavioral and decisional theories proper of the consumer. Moreover, I have deeply analyzed the consumer under the juridical aspect, from the mere legal recognition to the trial and the efforts sustained by the European Legislator during the last years with the purpose of creating a system of common rules with the final goal of guaranteeing a high-level of protection to the consumer in international contracts and assuring the correct operation of the Single Internal Market founding the discipline on a competitive model. Great relief is given to the "Rome I Regulation" on the choice of the law aplicable to contracts and to the "Bruxelles Convention" on the competent court.

Thucydides is considered to be the founder of political realism. Even in those times he determined the basic premises of realism - security and survival. He made an impact on subsequent development of realism embodied in the works of Machiavelli, Hobbes, Morgenthau, Car, Niebuhr, Aaron, Waltz etc. They will call the system of international relations as anarchical one since there is no supreme arbitrator which will force states to adequate behaviour. His views of realism were given in the volume 'The Peloponnesian War' where he had determined the anarchy of the relationships among states. Such system did not rely on justice and morale, but force and power were the predominant facts. He also introduces the category of just wars by claiming that Sparta led a just war against the increased power of Athens, and observed morale principles. Nevertheless, Thucydides faces contradictory, since Sparta itself as the largest land force of that time had to use force in order to beat Athens. He went ahead since he considered force and power as a necessary condition to achieve other objectives, which was later on adopted by Raymond Aaron. Following the example of the war between Athens and Sparta, he successfully analysed bipolar system of balance of power in which the conflict between the leading members of the two opposite blocks was possible in the end, while beforehand there should have been conflicts among weaker members of both blocks. Thucydides explained the manifestation of force and power using example of the Melian dialogue between the envoys of Athens and Melos. It was about the pure politics of force of Athens regardless of the fact that Melos had its independence.

Co-operative Law has a long tradition in European countries, like the Industrial and Provident Act in the United Kingdom in1852 or the Prussian Co-operatives Act in 1867. The European Union was no born to create a common law but to remove restrictions on the freedom of establishment. In 2003 the Statute for a European Co-operative Society was approved, but harmonization of European co-operative legislation was never carried out, not even for its most importante distinctive elements. In 2012 the European Commission presented a report about the application of the SCE Statute showing that the SCE Regulation has had relatively little success. The differences between the different legal systems are considerable, both in forma and in content. European Commission expressed its intention not to carry out the harmonization of the European co-operative legislation directly, but to support the harmonization proposals that the co-operative sector presented to it. El derecho cooperativo tiene una larga tradición en los países europeos, desde la Industrial and Provident Act de 1952 en Reino Unido o la Ley prusiana de cooperativas de 1867. La Unión Europea no nació para crear un derecho común sino para surprimir las restricciones a la libertad de establecimiento. In 2003 se aprobó el Estatuto de la Sociedad Cooperativa Europea, pero nunca se ha llevado a cabo una armonización de la legislación cooperativa en Europa, ni siquiera en relación con sus elementos más característicos. En 2012, la Comisión Europea presentó un informe sobre la aplicación del Estatuto de la SCE que mostraba que esta regulación había tenido relativamente poco éxito. Las diferencias entre los diferentes sistemas legales son considerables, tanto formalmente como por su contenido. La Comisión Europea ya manifestó su intención de no llevar a cabo la armonización de la legislación cooperativa europea directamente, pero sí apoyar las propuestas de armonización presentadas por el sector cooperativo.