Today few people deny the existence of regional substate diplomacy (Criekemans 2010). But there is still no common agreement on a region's right to do so and, above all, on their scope of action. This question goes against what used to be the dominant approach in international relations, the state-centric approach that leads to the logic of speaking with one voice. Increasingly, a multilevel-governance approach has contested this state-centric view and proposes an alternative logic of multiple actors speaking with their voice, nuancing strongly the seminal distinction between "sovereignty-bound" and "sovereignty-free" actors (Rosenau 1990). From the 1970s, the world has seen the growing presence of sovereignty-free actors in international relations. Among these actors, non-central or, better, substate, governments of federal states have developed intensive foreign relations. These governments are using a range of techniques: from shaping the federal government's foreign policy to establishing themselves directly in the international arena (Blatter et al. 2008). For minority nation governments this is particularly a challenge, as they have to act internally – where they have developed full-fledged legislative powers within a multinational federation – and externally – where international and national laws are often still reluctant to recognise their right of action (Lejeune 2003). Yet some minority nations have thrived in developing their own international relations. Bavaria, Catalonia, Flanders, Quebec, Scotland and Wallonia are often seen as successful international players even if they are not fully sovereignty bound (Michelmann 2009; Criekemans 2010). The international actions of these minority nations have been characterised under the umbrella of "identity paradiplomacy" (Paquin 2003); that is, a willingness to use international relations to foster a nation-building process within a multinational state. This observation was particularly prevalent for minority nations strongly in competition with a federal government about their nationbuilding process, albeit for different reasons, namely Flanders, Quebec and Scotland (Paquin 2004). The case of Wallonia seems to fits less well into the identity paradiplomacy framework, which therefore raises the question of alternative roads to international relations. This is the core question of this chapter: is identity paradiplomacy the only way to go for minority nations? Quebec and Wallonia are both well known for their active foreign relations.
Modern transformation of the economic system of this country led to structural changes in the social environment. Movement of population and human resources inside and outside the country increased. The growth of the scale of international migration processes, their mixed impact on the development of the countries, qualitative transformation of the specified processes determine the importance of the study of demographic and employment dimension of the international migration processes in Ukraine, which is among the main donors of population. The aim of the work is to determine demographic and human dimension of international migration processes in Ukraine. To achieve the goal, we applied dialectical method of scientific knowledge, as well as general scientific and special methods of research. The current state of migration processes in the global economy was examined. It was determined that in the global migration system Ukraine happens to be the country of origin, of transit and arrival of migrants. We analyzed the regional structure of migration flows in the state. It was proved that in recent years the country continues to lose population as a result of emigration, and these losses are not offset by immigration from abroad. This leads to a rapid decrease of the population of Ukraine. In addition, we tackled the problem of emigration of highly skilled labour force out of the country while the main channels of immigration into the country were identified. One of these channels is educational migration because Ukraine is included into the top ten leaders in the international market of educational services. It was substantiated that the target guideline of the state migration policy of Ukraine should be keeping the country's intellectual potential, for which it is necessary to ensure the execution of the following tasks: provision of financial and material resources to the development of science and higher education; funding in full the salaries of teachers in higher education, research workers; development of programs to preserve intellectual potential of the country; development of a mechanism for stimulating research activities and training of qualified professionals. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is in the developing and clarifying theoretical and practical foundations of the research into the issues of demographic and employment dimension of international migration processes in Ukraine. The practical value of the research results is in the definition of the target guideline of the state migration policy of Ukraine, which should be the preservation of the intellectual potential of the country. The participation of Ukraine in the international migration of skilled people should include an evolutionary process of rapprochement with the scientific and technological environment, and this process requires coordinated actions of all branches of government and business, predetermining the need for further research in this direction.
Здійснено спробу оспорити вагомий вплив глобалізації на функціонування держави у внутрішній і зовнішній площині та на проблему втрати державою суверенітету.Дослідження беззаперечного проте неоднозначного процесу глобалізації дало змогу віднайти на практиці велику кількість аргументів, які дають змогу зробити висновок, що в сценарії майбутнього розвитку головні ролі, як і раніше, належатимуть сильним державам, їхнім національним інтересам, могутність яких тільки зросте завдяки економічній інтеграції. Роль національних урядів не зменшується, а видозмінюється у відповідності до викликів глобалізації, пов'язані, насамперед, із намаганням приватного капіталу регулювати і транснаціональну діяльність, державну владу, і міжнародні організації. В майбутньому для світової політики держав буде характерною боротьба (протистояння) двох діаметрально протилежних тенденцій – укріплення суверенітету, з одного боку, і його розмивання чи обмеження з іншого. Причому ці тенденції часто будуть імпломентуватися в політику ряду держав, які переслідують стратегічні цілі (укріплення власного суверенітету в XXI столітті буде супроводжуватись або відбуватись за рахунок обмеження суверенітету інших). Це однак не оспорює тезу, що держава, як і раніше, залишиться основним учасником міжнародних відносин, а суверенітет – їх атрибутивною ознакою та принципом побудови системи міжнародних відносин. ; The author attempted to challenge the sufficient influence of globalization on functioning of the state in internal and foreign sphere and on the matter of loss of state sovereignty.The research of the undisputable but still ambiguous globalization process enabled finding a lot of practical arguments allowing for the conclusion that the in the scenario of future development there will be starring the powerful states and their national interests and their power will only grow due to the economic integration. The role of the national governments does not lessen; it just alters according to the globalization challenges connected first of all with attempts of the private capital to regulate the transnational activity, state authority and international organizations. Future world policy will be featured by struggle (antagonism) of two opposite trends; strengthening of the sovereignty, on the one hand, and its erosion or restrictions on the other. Moreover, these trends will be often implemented into politics of number of states pursueing strategic goals (in XXI century strengthening of the own sovereignty will be performed or will be accompanied by limiting the sovereignty of others). However, this does not contradict to the idea that the state still remains principal participant of the international relations and that the sovereignty remains its attributive feature and a basic principle for constructing the international relations. ; Здійснено спробу оспорити вагомий вплив глобалізації на функціонування держави у внутрішній і зовнішній площині та на проблему втрати державою суверенітету.Дослідження беззаперечного проте неоднозначного процесу глобалізації дало змогу віднайти на практиці велику кількість аргументів, які дають змогу зробити висновок, що в сценарії майбутнього розвитку головні ролі, як і раніше, належатимуть сильним державам, їхнім національним інтересам, могутність яких тільки зросте завдяки економічній інтеграції. Роль національних урядів не зменшується, а видозмінюється у відповідності до викликів глобалізації, пов'язані, насамперед, із намаганням приватного капіталу регулювати і транснаціональну діяльність, державну владу, і міжнародні організації. В майбутньому для світової політики держав буде характерною боротьба (протистояння) двох діаметрально протилежних тенденцій – укріплення суверенітету, з одного боку, і його розмивання чи обмеження з іншого. Причому ці тенденції часто будуть імпломентуватися в політику ряду держав, які переслідують стратегічні цілі (укріплення власного суверенітету в XXI столітті буде супроводжуватись або відбуватись за рахунок обмеження суверенітету інших). Це однак не оспорює тезу, що держава, як і раніше, залишиться основним учасником міжнародних відносин, а суверенітет – їх атрибутивною ознакою та принципом побудови системи міжнародних відносин.
The article discusses the factors and features of the development strategy of foreign trade activities of Ukrainian enterprises. The main components of the mechanism of foreign trade development strategy of Ukrainian firms, its problems and prospects for improving the light of foreign experience. A scheme for the development strategy of foreign economic activity of the enterprise, which includes goals, motives and results
The last decade of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century are characterized by an unprecedented intensification of the processes of mergers and acquisitions of the companies both in the developed and the developing countries. The companies working in information business underwent changes. The question arises of the expediency of the processes of mergers and acquisitions, of the efficiency of consolidation and concentration of capital in the field of information business. The aim of the research is the development of a methodological approach and the formation, based on it, of the mechanism of organizational and economic concentration and consolidation in the management of information business in modern global economy. The main research methods are dialectical method of scientific knowledge, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis and generalization of data. The conducted research into the volumes of mergers and acquisitions in the sector of information technologies, which directly affects the formation of the information business, has allowed revealing that the creation of new business models through the merger of capital caused bankruptcies. It is proven that 70% of profitable agreements were not implemented because of the not properly elaborated system of integration of the companies. We made a conclusion that due to the absence of an efficient mechanism for mergers and acquisitions of capital, after the processes of integration many companies in the information business did not have the opportunity to function efficiently. It was revealed that to ensure management of the concentration of capital it is necessary to identify and study related processes; to establish a set of conditions and parameters that characterize each process; to assign a manager who would manage and monitor a single simple process. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is the substantiation of the necessity of the application of organizational–economic mechanism during consolidation and concentration of capital in the information business based on the analysis of the dynamics of mergers and acquisitions in the sector of information technologies. The practical significance of the obtained results is the possibility of application of organizational–economic mechanism during mergers and acquisitions of capital in the information business. The application of this mechanism will improve the process of consolidation and provide the ability to control the capital and make the necessary changes on the consistent and regular basis. The processes of managing the concentration and consolidation of the capital are new for the economies of the world, so the trends of their occurrence define the directions of further research.
The urgent problem of modern international relations – complex peacekeepingcollective actions in conflct management and prevention including the proliferation of the conflctsand reduction of their negative impact on the separate countries and regions – are examined. Theessence of the types and kinds of peacekeeping operations is examined. Taking into account thatin the modern world there are many long-term and unresolved conflcts and of course they affectboth international relations and the situation in the separate countries and regions, it is importantto examine the value and the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations in modern internationalrelations. The article is aimed to examine the peacekeeping operations in modern internationalrelations. The author considers it appropriate to reveal the essence of peacemaking, types andkinds of peacekeeping operations as well as to examine the history of their conduct and to analyzecurrent international peacekeeping operations to summarize their rating. The essence of classicpeacekeeping operations and of the operations conducted under the auspices of internationalorganizations and separate countries is characterized. International relations and peacekeepingactivities in overcoming of the most dangerous conflcts in Libya and Syria are under consideration.It is proved that during the recent decades a number of comprehensive peace operations havebeen conducted, even with the use of the military component. Peacemaking is always a complexprocess that is associated with the preparation of making an important decision. The use of force orcoercion to peace is not a guarantee of freezing of the armed confrontation and human deaths. Viceversa, one can see on the example of Libya that fistly there was no unity according to the beginningof the military operation among the member countries of NATO. Second, there is still an armedconfrontation in Libya now continues to armed confrontation. Thirdly, the consequence of thedestabilization in the country was an illegal migration to the European Union. The last can affecta crisis in European countries. According to it, one can argue that there are no effective standardsworked out by the international community to settle armed conflcts for now. All this proves acontroversial importance of peacekeeping operations in modern international relations because onone hand they help to create the safer world, on the other hand they resulted in provoking furtherproblems and conflcts ; Рассмотрены миротворческие операции как актуальная проблема совре -менных международных отношений. Охарактеризованы виды и типы миротворческихопераций. Проанализированы наиболее небезопасные и масштабные конфликты современ -ности, такие как ливийский и сирийский. Обобщена эффективность и значение механизмовпо поддержанию мира и безопасности. ; Розглянуто миротворчі операції як актуальну проблему сучасних міжнародних відносин. Охарактеризовано види і типи міжнародних операцій. Проаналізовано найбільш небезпечні та масштабні конфлікти сучасності, такі як лівійський та сирійській. Узагальнено ефективність та значення діяльності світової спільноти з підтримання миру та безпеки
The paper summarizes the basic international principles of legislative regulation of the media and the settlement of regulatory relations in the field of information on the basis of a comprehensive theoretical and methodological analysis of the international leg-islation concerning human rights and freedoms in the sphere of information and the set-tlement information relations, principles and mechanisms of regulation and control of resources mass communication.International legal acts in the field of information: the Convention of United Nations, resolutions and recommendations of the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembleia and declarations, resolutions and recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe more influence on the formation and development of the global infor-mation society. Only the Council of Europe, of which Ukraine is a member, adopted more than one hundred legal documents relating to the management of information relations, human rights and freedoms in the information sphere.Ukraine's membership in public international organizations (UN, Council of Europe) confirms its status as an integral part of the European and global media space, and com-mits to implement into national law the provisions of international agreements and re-lated legislation. At the same time, taking international experience and standards should take into account national specifics, in particular: the conditions of post-totalitarian en-vironment of functioning of mass media, the mentality of Ukrainian society and the au-thorities, and other features of adaptation of international law to domestic realities. ; У статті узагальнено базові міжнародні принципи законодавчого регулювання ме-діа та врегулювання нормативно-правових відносин в інформаційній сфері на основі комплексного теоретико-методологічного аналізу міжнародних законодавчих актів, що стосуються прав та свобод людини в інформаційній сфері, врегулювання інформа-ційних відносин, принципів та механізмів регулювання і контролю діяльності засобів ...
The role of higher education institutions in the world is growing in ensuring socio-economic development that is the result of the transition to the paradigm of knowledge economy in the most developed countries. Started in 2014, the reform of higher education system in Ukraine must, among other things, include ensuring the implementation of national intellectual capital through technologies transfer. The relevance of the article is predetermined by the need for a comprehensive approach to the preparation of plans for reforms in the period of global competition for knowledge as the main resource for development. The purpose of writing the article is substantiation of the recommendations on the most urgent aspects of the development of technology transfer in Ukraine on the basis of generalization of foreign experience and the analysis of domestic realities. To achieve the objective we identified the following tasks: to generalize theoretical principles of TT; to identify the world leaders of the TT and their peculiarities; to explore the characteristics of the development of TT in developing countries; to study the current status of TT in Ukraine. The article substantiates that the establishment of the developed innovative economy in which the activity of the TT is an important factor, as a rule, takes a long time. Results of the study showed that the lack of efficient activity of TT is often due to the fact that this activity is viewed separately from the more complex issue of knowledge management in all forms, in particular as a mandatory stage of R & D. The lack of implementation of the competence–based model in domestic Universities, research centers, businesses and state and local governments leads to the fact that the activities of TT do not have any mentioning of entrepreneurial, marketing competences. Their lack, in turn, causes low efficiency of TT activities. In the developed countries, the growth of the commercial activity of the Universities and research centers came as a result of evolutionary demands of society regarding the efficiency of investments in science and education. In the developing countries, such as Ukraine, the desire of commercial aspect in the development of the commercial aspect of TT is considered in terms of the impossibility of providing sufficient and stable funding, lack of financial mechanisms of accumulation of the results of successful TT. Under such circumstances, the really concerned are exclusively the employees of Universities and research centers themselves, the interests of whom are detached from other stakeholders' intentions, the unity of whom is substantiated in the triple helix concept. The effectiveness of efforts with regard to TT is limited by the lack of opportunities of accumulation of financial results from the commercialization of OÌV in domestic Universities. Received financial results often are allocated on current activities because of insufficient, falling financing from traditional sources. The means of the state budget must remain the main traditional source, but in this case engaging other sources must be supported. The negative dynamics of spending state funds on research and educational activities is predetermined by various factors, among which is insufficient disclosure of the recipients from the state funds of the reports about the results and the analysis of the efficiency of their spending. Lack of publicity, lack of transparency may testify to the privatization of the results of the activities by individual subjects or to a significant corruption component in their activities. At the same time, lack of publicity can indicate a low level of public accountability of the results and inability to take responsibility for certain risks. The lack of information about created effects, including multiplying, from the implementation of OÌV and technologies provides prerequisites for the relative "victories" in the competition for budget funds in other areas. Introduction of the competence–based model, in particular entrepreneurial and marketing competencies, into the activities of TT of national institutions should improve their efficiency in the medium term to the level of the developed countries. Taking into account the obtained findings during the development of the reform of the system of education and science will increase their level of international competitiveness and the level of efficiency of investments in this field, which will have comprehensive positive impact on national prosperity. Scientific novelty of the work is proven by: substantiating of the implementation of long–term strategies to increase competitiveness of universities and research centers as key institutions in the generation and transfer of knowledge; detecting the insufficiency of entrepreneurial, marketing and other competences in the development policy of the University offices of technology transfer; substantiation of the necessity of implementation of societal requirements concerning accountability of universities and research centers for disclosure of the efficiency of spending tax payers' money and their contribution to socio-economic development of the regions and the country. There remains a wide range of issues, the study of which my reflected in further work. In particular, we believe relevant: 1) justification of a scorecard measuring all aspects of TT; 2) study of the formation of professional networks in the field of TT; 3) substantiation of the system of motivation and efficiency of cooperation of all involved players; 4) methodological work with the patent policies of the universities and their convergence with scientific and research institutions; 5) building a culture of public accountability of institutions of scientific and educational spheres as recipients of the taxpayers' funds.
У статті висвітлено інтеркультурний зміст міжнародних освітніх програм DAAD для митців України. Подано детальний опис стипендійних програм DAAD для митців України. З'ясовано вимоги до пошукачів щодо отримання тієї чи іншої стипендії. Окреслено специфічні особливості стипендії за спеціальністю «Музика». Охарактеризовано інтернаціональні мистецькі програми на здобуття академічних ступенів «бакалавр», «спеціаліст» у Німеччині на 2012/2013 роки. ; In this article the interculrural content of the international art educational programs in the German universities analyzed. In recent years in the system of the higher education in Germany there is an intensive modernization of system of the higher education realized. The most heated debates are conducted on the problems of increase of efficiency of functioning of system of the higher education, improvement of quality of preparation, education of scientific elite, optimum formation of the content of education, reduction of terms of training, improvement of material base of the higher school, preservation and strengthening of positions of high school science and first of all basic researches in higher education institutions. Being one of initiators and active participants of process of the European integration into the fields of education, since 1999, Germany rather carefully reforms the system of the higher education, seeking to keep the educational traditions. A number of amendments to the Law on the higher education of 1998 fixed a minimum of necessary requirements for implementation of the Bologna declaration, having given them the status supplementing national educational system. The option of preparation of students, both on classical, and by new European option of preparation of bachelors and masters was provided to those higher education institutions of Germany. For the second option the legislation provided new mechanisms of accreditation of programs and courses, and also new system of an assessment of quality of education therefore this publication is actual. The detailed description of the stipendial DAAD programs for critics of Ukraine is submitted. Requirements for competitors of this or that grant are defined. Specific features of grants behind the specialty «Music» are outlined. International art programs for obtaining the academic degrees «Bachelor», «Specialist» in Germany in 2012/2013 years are characterized.
The classification of the scientific research approaches to the political and economic barriers aredescribed. The causal relationship between integration and political barriers are systematized. The paperdescribes theoretical study of the political and economic barriers' effects to the process of theinternational economic integration. The main principles of "the political and economic barriers tointegration" definition are systematized. The generalization of the approaches of the political andeconomic barriers definition by ukrainian and foreign scholars are carried out.Theoretical aspects of economic (trade) barriers devoted to the works of scholars such as A.Grebelnyk, D. Lukyanenko, Ruth F., R. Baldwin, A. Deardorfa, M. Stern, E. polymers and others.According to the theory of mercantilism state should export their products to the domestic market,but at least the amount of import. So we can say that in this case the government has to implement certaintrade barriers, prohibiting or restraining imports.In 1987 Lowrence was the first to use a model of monopolistic competition to predict the volume oftrade, and to use data for downsizing and trade flows to determine the country and industry thatsignificantly differ from the assumptions of the model. Lawrence concluded that Japan also has a verylow volumes of lower imports related to the existence of trade barriers.Key words: political barriers; trade barriers; international economic integration; monopolisticcompetition; non-tariff barriers; trade protection. ; Охарактеризовано класифікацію наукових підходів дослідження політико-економічних бар'єрів, систематизовано причинно-наслідкові зв'язки між інтеграцією та політичними бар'єрами, проведено теоретичне обгрунтування наслідків впливу політико-економічних бар'єрів на процес міжнародної економічної інтеграції. Систематизовано основні засади дослідження поняття «політико-економічні бар'єри інтеграції». Здійснено узагальнення підходів до обрахунку політико-економічних бар'єрів вітчизняними та зарубіжними вченими.Ключові слова: політичні бар'єри; торговельні бар'єри; міжнародна економічна інтеграція; монополістична конкуренція; нетарифні бар'єри; торговельний захист.
Public organizations' studying is an object of political scientists', sociologists', economists', philosophers' and other scholars' interest in connection with this kind of organizations institutionalization in our society. In modern domestic and foreign literature on public organizations are considered mostly in applied aspects. There is still no comprehensive look at the approaches to the public organizations' research. In our time, there are several major theoretical approaches in public organizations' study that is caused with the subject area of one or another branch of science. These are philosophical, historical, economic, law approaches. Each of these approaches is characterized by attention to different aspects of NGOs' development. However, the study of public organizations in selected areas of knowledge is somewhat onesided as directs its efforts on only one aspect of the study, which ultimately leads to the lack of complex ideas about the public organizations' nature modern science. This greatly reduces the possibility of using the accumulated knowledge about public organizations in practice. This situation determines the need to find integrated approaches to public organizations' research, on the one hand, and a clear understanding of the feasibility of using a particular approach in the context of public organizations' research on the other hand. ; Вивчення громадських організацій привертає увагу політологів, соціологів, економістів, філософів та інших учених в зв'язку з інституціоналізацією цього виду організацій в сучасному суспільстві. У сучасній вітчизняній і зарубіжній літературі громадські організації розглядаються переважно в прикладних аспектах. Досі відсутній комплексний погляд на підходи до вивчення громадських організацій. У наш час у дослідженні громадських організацій існує кілька основних теоретичних підходів, що обумовлено предметною сферою тієї чи іншої галузі наукового знання: філософський, історичний, економічний, правовий підходи. Для кожного з цих підходів характерна увага до різних сторін, аспектів розвитку громадських організацій, окремих їх проявів. Проте дослідження громадських організацій в окремих сферах знання виявляється дещо однобічним, оскільки спрямовує основні зусилля на вивчення тільки одного аспекту, що в кінцевому підсумку обумовлює відсутність у сучасній науці комплексного уявлення про сутність громадських організацій. Це значною мірою знижує можливість використання накопичених знань про громадські організації в практиці. Така ситуація зумовлює необхідність пошуку комплексних підходів до розгляду громадських організацій, з одного боку, та чіткого розуміння доцільності використання того або іншого підходу в залежності від контексту дослідження громадських організацій – з іншого. ; Вивчення громадських організацій привертає увагу політологів, соціологів, економістів, філософів та інших учених в зв'язку з інституціоналізацією цього виду організацій в сучасному суспільстві. У сучасній вітчизняній і зарубіжній літературі громадські організації розглядаються переважно в прикладних аспектах. Досі відсутній комплексний погляд на підходи до вивчення громадських організацій. У наш час у дослідженні громадських організацій існує кілька основних теоретичних підходів, що обумовлено предметною сферою тієї чи іншої галузі наукового знання: філософський, історичний, економічний, правовий підходи. Для кожного з цих підходів характерна увага до різних сторін, аспектів розвитку громадських організацій, окремих їх проявів. Проте дослідження громадських організацій в окремих сферах знання виявляється дещо однобічним, оскільки спрямовує основні зусилля на вивчення тільки одного аспекту, що в кінцевому підсумку обумовлює відсутність у сучасній науці комплексного уявлення про сутність громадських організацій. Це значною мірою знижує можливість використання накопичених знань про громадські організації в практиці. Така ситуація зумовлює необхідність пошуку комплексних підходів до розгляду громадських організацій, з одного боку, та чіткого розуміння доцільності використання того або іншого підходу в залежності від контексту дослідження громадських організацій – з іншого.
Ukrainian military-industrial complex in system of international economic relations. Analyzed the current state of the military-industrial complex of Ukraine, the inevitability of the inclusion of Ukraine in international economic relations and integration into the global defense industry defense industry, in order to further its effective functioning. Considered the basic factors that affected the interest of multinational corporations in long-term investments in basic science and research and practical infrastructure. Summarizes different strategies restructuring in the defense industry with various defense protections from the action in the new economic conditions in the countries: USA, Western Europe, China Russia, and the main trends of transformation and development of companies manufacturers of weapons.However, cooperation with multinational corporations hide possible threats for the economic security of Ukraine, and therefore the defined strategic tasks of Ukraine, including the maximum harmonization of national economic interests and the interests of multinational corporations and observance of economic security in context of calling in foreign multinational corporations in the military- industrial of Ukraine. ; Украинский оборонно-промышленный комплекс в системе международных экономических связей. Проанализировано современное состояние оборонно-промышленного комплекса Украины, неизбежность включения Украины в международные экономические связи и интеграции ОПК в мировую оборонительную промышленность, с целью дальнейшего его эффективного функционирования. Рассмотренные основные факторы, которые влияют на заинтересованность ТНК в долгосрочных инвестициях в фундаментальную науку и опытно-практическую инфраструктуру. Обобщенно разные стратегии реструктуризации компаний в оборонительной промышленности с учетом разной степени защищенности компаний ОПК от действий у новых экономических условий в США, странах Западной Европы, КНР, России, а также основные тенденции трансформации и развития компаний ...
Проаналізовано бар'єри військово-політичного характеру, які впливають на функціонування міжнародного туризму. Вивчено географію терористичних дій, які негативно вплинули на міжнародні туристичні потоки. The barriers of military-political nature affecting the international tourism are analyzed. The geography of terrorism that adversely affected the international tourist flows are studied.
In the article the author analyzes the forms of international cooperation at the regional level in the context of Ukraine's European choice. It is defined the historical lessons of local "brotherly relations" of the Soviet period and given some examples of cooperation among the cities of Donetsk region and the traditional East European countries, for example Bulgaria, and the countries of Scandinavia as a rather new activity of local self-government. Ukrainian central and local authorities continue the international and interstate relations having abandoned the policy of excessive ideologizing and comprehensive control of the Сommunist party, such as obligatory planning of friendly relationships approved at the meeting of the regional party committee, periodical reporting about its fulfillment, approvals of the special list of organizations and establishments allowed to participate in this cooperation, etc. Nowadays international cooperation is filled with a new sense which is based on the standards of humanistic values, the geography of these contacts is being extended. In the article the author gives the examples of border cooperation on creation of the new border region "Donbas" which will finish the formation of euro regions along the frontier of Ukraine, intermunicipal cooperation of the regional association of local governments "Agglomeration "Northern Donbas", regional spatial cooperation on creation of European transport corridors, youth cooperation of students and teachers of Horlivka Institute of Foreign Languages and at large the communities of this miner's city. The positive lesson of the past, which is still working, is the participation of large sections of the public, first of all at the regional level, in the development of these relations. The relations have become really international as all the categories of the population participate in them including schoolchildren and pensioners. Expansion of these contacts develops both across and down that confirms regularity of the world development tendencies in the direction of an all-round integration. ; У контексті європейського вибору України аналізуються форми міжнародного співробітництва, реальні для застосування на регіональному рівні. Визначаються історичні уроки місцевих «побратимських зв'язків» радянського періоду, наводяться конкретні приклади співробітництва міст Донеччини з європейськими країнами, як відносно нового напрямку діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування.
