Germany's statistics on international trade in services are collected by the Deutsche Bundesbank in order to compile Germany's balance of payments statistics and serve as the basis for the research dataset SITS. Service transactions between German residents and non-residents that exceed €12,500 or its equivalent in another currency must be reported to the Deutsche Bundesbank. The reporting requirement applies to German firms including banks, as well as to individuals and public authorities. The research dataset provides detailed information for service transactions of firms engaged in cross-border service trade, such as the transaction value for services exports and imports, the type of exported and imported services (eg transport, R&D etc), partner country and sector classification of the resident firm. The research data are available from 2001 as a panel dataset with a monthly frequency.
Jean d'Aspremont (University of Manchester - School of Law; Sciences Po Law School) has posted The Love for International Organizations ((2023) 20 Int Organ Law Rev 111 (forthcoming)) on SSRN. Here is the abstract: Albeit the object of compelling criticisms...
During the past decade, it has become obvious that economic interconnectedness did not bring forth frictionless international relations as many liberal theorists had predicted. To the contrary, the fact that economic integration has been profoundly uneven has enabled the weaponisation of asymmetrical economic relations for the achievement of geopolitical and/or economic goals (Whyte 2022; Farrell 2023). The weaponisation of the unique international role of the US dollar is one of the most consequential examples of this trend. For instance, in the period since 2001, US sanctions designations have expanded by an extraordinary 933%. In the context of Russia's war in Ukraine, dollar hegemony made it possible to freeze Russia's foreign reserves and expel the country from the SWIFT payments system and US correspondent banking. Many states, including geopolitical rivals of the US such as China, understand this reality as a direct threat to their sovereign rights and interests and have been debating possible solutions, such as the introduction of central bank digital currencies and/or the creation of alternative mechanisms of payments clearing and financial messaging (Eichengreen 2022). The intertwining between dollar hegemony and private money creation puts additional pressures on state sovereignty, as functions with profound and direct effects on the organisation of public life, such as money creation and credit allocation, are carried out by private institutions. Lawyers and political theorists alike have produced useful elaborations on the effects of dollar hegemony and public money on monetary sovereignty (Pistor 2017; Murau & van't Klooster 2023). What remains relatively under-explored is the conceptual and practical challenges posed by dollar hegemony to state sovereignty more broadly, beyond the confines of monetary sovereignty. In other words, more work remains to be done on the tensions between state sovereignty, a globalised capitalist economy, and the economic unevenness that hegemonic currencies embody (Tzouvala 2024). To this end, we seek contributions from economists, IR scholars, political theorists, historians, sociologists and lawyers to explore this important question as well as its theoretical and practical implications. The post Dollar Hegemony, State Sovereignty and International Order: an International Workshop appeared first on Progress in Political Economy (PPE).
Hong Kong police have issued arrest warrants for five human rights activists based in other countries, including one American citizen. Simon Cheng, Frances Hui, Joey Siu, Johnny Fok, and Tony Choi are charged with crimes such as incitement to secession, subversion, and collusion with foreign countries or external forces. Police have offered a $1 million…
