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This article focuses on the role of personality in the case of Brexit, the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union on January 31, 2020. A decisive step in Brexit were the general elections on December 12, 2019, in which Boris Johnson, Conservative Prime Minister of the UK and advocate of Brexit, defeated Jeremy Corbyn, Leader of the Labour Party and 'neutral' about Brexit. Political psychology considers personality as a major factor in political developments. This article presents the results of an assessment of the personalities of Johnson and Corbyn, and it argues that the personality of these key players influenced the Brexit process. The analysis is based on the theory and methods of Immelman, Immelman & Steinberg, and Mastenbroek. Our findings suggest that Johnson's charismatic personality, his dominant leadership style, and his negotiating skills contributed to his electoral victory and to the realization of Brexit. Johnson profited from Corbyn's lack of personal charisma and from his undecisive and divisive leadership regarding Brexit.

Referral to the CJEU for the pronouncement of preliminary rulings regarding the interpretation of European Union law cannot have a purely theoretical purpose (e.g. the Court Ordinance of October 7, 2013 in case C-82/13) but a necessarily practical one, such as to allow the national court to resolve the specific dispute with which it is vested. Therefore, knowledge of the judicial decisions pronounced by the national courts after receiving the answer to the preliminary question from the CJEU is very important to evaluate the implications of the CJEU jurisprudence in the law of the member states and the effectiveness of the dialogue between it and the national courts. Next, the decisions of the courts in Romania are presented in some cases in which the CJEU was referred with preliminary questions, respectively those that were resolved in the cases registered on its roll with no. C-62/19, C 354/18 and C 644/19.

Universities occupy a special place in the city's life, the place where centuries-old traditions of the past meet the future. Universities keep their ancestral roots stretching back into the Middle Ages. University rooms and laboratories are the places where the future of science and society is built and discussed.The oldest Siberian University located in Tomsk was included in the City Charter as a city-forming enterprise. Other Siberian cities have not yet come to such deep comprehension of the role of universities. But who can doubt the significance and beneficence of this role?A complex and debatable process of reformation of the Russian higher education has been going on for several decades. Many things are perceived painfully. Irkutsk has been a student city for a long time and ranked second in the percentage of students among citizens. But recently we have lost Irkutsk High Military Aviation Engineering School, nearly lost the MIA High School. Pedagogical University has lost its status of university, and then its independence. Linguistic University has turned into a branch of Moscow University…Besides, external threats still exist and even grow. The lands and the buildings of universities are of keen interest among big businessmen, speculators and developers… Isn't it the reason why the ideas to evacuate universities to suburban campuses arise increasingly frequently?What is the impact of dislocation of universities out of the city historical center? Does it make the city poorer and older? Or safer and more manageable? As usual, we tried to show the challenge and diversity of the main topic of the issue. ; Университет – особое место в жизни города, место, где многовековые традиции прошлого встречаются с будущим. Университеты хранят свои родовые корни, уходящие в Средневековье. В университетских аудиториях и лабораториях конструируется и обсуждается будущее науки и общества.Самый старый из сибирских университетов в Томске вошел в Устав города в качестве градообразующего предприятия. Другие сибирские города пока еще не дошли до столь глубокого осознания роли университетов, но кто же будет сомневаться в значительности и благотворности этой роли?Вот уже не первое десятилетие идет непростой и неоднозначный процесс реформации российского высшего образования. Многое воспринимается болезненно. Иркутск долгое время был студенческим городом и прочно занимал второе место по процентному присутствию студентов среди жителей города. Но в последнее время мы потеряли ИВВАИУ, чуть не потеряли Высшую школу МВД, Педагогический университет потерял статус университета, а затем и самостоятельность, Лингвистический университет превратился в филиал московского вуза.Сохраняют (и даже наращивают) актуальность и внешние угрозы. Земли и здания университетов вызывают острый интерес у крупного бизнеса, спекулянтов и застройщиков. Не потому ли все чаще «всплывают» идеи эвакуировать университеты в загородные кампусы?Как влияет вынос университетов из исторического центра города? Обедняет город, старит его? Делает город более безопасным и управляемым? Как обычно, мы постарались показать главную тему нашего выпуска максимально неоднозначной, спорной, разнообразной.

Der Beitrag faßt die Ergebnisse einer von der Redaktion der Zeitschrift "MEMO" durchgeführten Veranstaltung zu aktuellen Fragen der Globalisierung zusammen, an der Vertreter aus verschiedenen russischen wissenschaftlichen Instituten teilnahmen. Die Globalisierung wird unter sozial-anthropologischen, soziologischen, politologischen und historischen Aspekten betrachtet. Die Widersprüchlichkeit der mit dem Terminus "Globalisierung" bezeichneten Prozesse, deren Dynamik sowie die Folgen für Rußland werden in mehreren Diskussionsbeiträgen thematisiert. Das Verhältnis von Globalisierung und Modernisierung bzw. Postmoderne wird gleichfalls erörtert. (BIOst-Mrk)

Die an der vom IMEMO veranstalteten Diskussion über die gegenwärtige Globalisierung und die Globalisierungsfolgen für Rußland beteiligten Wissenschaftler arbeiten die Antinomien und Paradoxien dieser Entwicklung heraus und weisen darauf hin, daß nicht nur die bisherige Weltordnung, sondern auch die derzeit vorherrschende Weltsicht infolge der Globalisierumng einer grundlegenden Revision bedürfen. Der im Zusammenhang mit der Globalisierung zu konstatierende Individualisierungsprozeß wird nicht nur unter historischen und politologischen, sondern auch unter soziologischen und sozialpsychologischen Aspekten diskutiert. (BIOst-Mrk)

In accordance with United Nations General Assembly resolution, the year 2019 was proclaimed the International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. Rare-earth elements were discovered during the time of the Periodic System development. In the past few decades, their compounds have attracted great interest due to their unique reactivity. This review covers recent achievements in the field of intermolecular hydrophosphination of alkenes, dienes and alkynes, which is catalyzed by rare earth and alkaline-earth metal complexes. Catalytic hydrophosphination reaction is the addition of an P—H bond to С—С multiple bonds, and offers an efficient and elegant synthetic approach to production of the organophosphorus compounds widely used in industrial synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agrochemistry, and other areas. The high values of the ionic radii of rare earth and alkaline-earth metals in combination with the Lewis acidity provide their compounds with a pronounced tendency to complex formation and, accordingly, high coordination numbers. Due to high reactivity of M—E (E = C, H, N, P) bonds, ease of Ln—P ı-bond metathesis and multiple C—C bond insertions, these compounds offer new prospects for the catalysis of the alkenes and alkynes hydrophosphination. Therefore, complexes of non-toxic and relatively abundant in nature rare earth and alkaline earth metals can be a cheaper and more effective alternative to compounds of late transition metals in the catalysis of the C—P bond formation.