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The main goal of this paper is a critical consideration of the extremely ecocentric current of anarchism, which is called anarcho-primitivism. We believe that anarcho-primitivism, as an ideology that advocates the complete abolition of civilizational achievements and return to the stages of hunter-gatherers, is one of the failed responses to the crisis of the Western left, which arose during the 1970s. In order to better critically analyze anarcho-primitivism, it is necessary, above all, to determine its basic postulates as well as the causes of its emergence. This will be followed by a detailed critique of his philosophical roots and the political and ideological solutions he provides. Anarcho-primitivist ahistoricism, which implies that all of humanity can easily return to pre-civilization levels, its irrational romanticism, extreme anti-technologal stances and simplification of basic leftist postulates are just ways for the frustrated left to escape from tackling the concrete problems of modernity. Therefore, anarcho-primitivism can also be defined as a fading form of postmodern thought, created through inconsistent eclecticism. Primitivists, therefore, do not represent a serious movement that could disrupt the current status quo, but only a handful of self-sufficient intellectuals and activists. In this paper, through a critical analysis of anarcho-primitivism, it will be shown how its weak political-practical action potential arises from its intellectual inconsistency, which is why anarcho-primitivism can be characterized as an extreme margin in the spectrum of anti-systemic thought.

Nenad Miscevic's Nationalism and Beyond: Introducing Moral Debate about Values (New York: CEU Press, 2001) is reviewed. Of the book's three parts, part 1 describes nationalism as a political program; part 2 discusses the relationship between culture, identity, & tradition; & part 3 proposes cosmopolitanism as an alternative to nationalism. The review focuses on Miscevic's debunking of the intellectual, political, cultural, & moral arguments advanced by proponents in favor of nationalism; the various arguments are presented & Miscevic's criticism is supported. It is concluded that the author's ethical-political argumentation against nationalism is very convincing, but his treatment of the relationship between the individual & society seems to be too general & perfunctory. 2 References. Z. Dubiel

Pasak Juhos Saatsi pasiūlyto minimaliojo realizmo, vyksta teorinė mokslo pažanga. Ši koncepcija sukurta pesimistinei indukcijai įveikti, vidurio pozicijai tarp mokslinio realizmo ir instrumentalizmo užimti bei mokslo teorijų sėkmei paaiškinti. Šiame straipsnyje pateikiami du prieštaravimai minimaliajam realizmui. Pirma, nėra aišku, ar minimalusis realizmas išties yra tarp realizmo ir instrumentalizmo, nes instrumentalizmas neplaukia iš minimaliojo realizmo. Antra, nėra aišku ar minimalusis realizmas gali paaiškinti mokslo teorijų sėkmę, nes abejotina, ar teorinė pažanga daro sėkmę tikėtiną. Be šių dviejų prieštaravimų, straipsnyje formuluojama ir kritikuojama nauja pozicija, kuri iš tikrųjų atsiduria tarp realizmo ir instrumnetalizmo.