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The paper identifies how the differentiation apparent in the labour market can be incorporated into a conceptual framework that extends beyond the segmented, dualistic approach, which seems to be no longer valid. It analyses the processes by which new workers are absorbed into employment, particularly in view of the rapidly growing numbers of better-educated recruits. It collects appropriate data to determine the kinds of education and vocational training that will promote productivity and incomes in the informal sector. (DSE)

In this article, we investigate how the globalized academic labor market has changed the composition of teaching and research staff at Swedish, Norwegian, and Finnish universities. We use national statistical data on the gender and country‐origin of universities' teaching and research staff between 2012 and 2018 to study how the globalized academic labor market has influenced the proportion of women across career stages, with a special focus on STEM fields. We pay special attention to how gender and country‐origin are interrelated in universities' academic career hierarchies. The findings show that the proportion of foreign‐born teaching and research staff rose substantially at the lower career level (grade C positions) in the 2010s. The increase was more modest among the most prestigious grade A positions, such as professorships. The findings show significant national differences in how gender and country‐origin of staff intersect in Nordic universities. The study contributes to research on the gendered patterns of global academic labor markets and social stratification in Nordic universities

"Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Forschungsprojekte des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), die sich alle auf unterschiedliche Weise mit der Behebung von Problemen mit Missing Data befassen. Hierzu gehören einerseits Projekte, die Stichproben verwenden wie das IAB-Betriebspanel, die IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe oder die Erhebung der offenen Stellen, die entweder wie alle Stichprobenerhebungen durch Antwortausfälle beeinträchtigt sind oder aber zensierte Beobachtungen aufweisen. Auf der anderen Seite zählen hierzu Forschungsprojekte, die versuchen, unterschiedliche Datengrundlagen vereinbar zu machen, die auf verschiedenen regionalen oder klassifikatorischen Abgrenzungen beruhen. Außerdem wird das Projekt TrEffeR des IAB und der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) vorgestellt, das der oft ausgesprochenen Forderung gerecht wird, die Maßnahmen der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik auf breiter Basis zu evaluieren und diese Erkenntnisse für das operative Geschäft der BA nutzbar macht." (Autorenreferat)

In a market economy, human work is offered and sought in the labor market. It is valued because of the level of demand for it and the rarity of the required qualifications. At the same time, because of the different contexts and conditions, there are many labor markets that are defined as the professional labor markets, local labor markets, dual labor markets, and black and gray labor markets.

Der Autor berichtet über seine Erfahrungen mit einer PC-gestützten Veranstaltung zur empirischen Arbeitsmarktforschung an der Universität Lüneburg. (IAB)

The dual labor market theory is one of the primary explanations for the gender differences in earnings. It shows that gender inequality and stereotypes lead to employment of men and women in different segments of the labor market characterized by various incomes. This theory is based on the hypothesis that such markets are divided into segments, which are divided by different rules of conduct for workers and employers. Differences also include production conditions, terms of employment, productivity of employees, and the characteristics of the workers' jobs. This labor division is related to employee characteristics such as gender, age, and race that define their work environment and lifestyle.