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The present article analyses the hoards of the Bronze Age - Early Iron Age discovered in the forest-steppe and mountain-forest of the Trans-Urals, as well as the Middle and Lower Ob areas. Only three hoards dating back to the Bronze Age have been discovered: Andreevo, Prygovsky and Gladunino. By the Ural-Siberian standards, these are considerable collections consisting of metal-intensive symbolic objects (celts, knives, sickles). The hoards are grouped in the forest-steppe area, where the population of the Petrovo and Alakul cultures of the Andronovo community lived at that time (first half of the 2nd millennium BC). Conversely, hoards dating back to the Early Iron Age are localised in the taiga zone. Being characterised by a distinctive composition and definite chronological contexts, these hoards reflect profound changes in the lifestyle of Siberian aborigines caused by the widespread introduction of metal, the development of reindeer herding, new communication corridors and fur trade. The first group is represented by hoards that comprise symbolic metal items dating back to the second half of the 1st millennium BC (Azov Mountain, Karaulnaya Mountain, Lozvinsky, etc.). Sometimes they are accompanied by arms (arrowheads and chopping weapons). This group of hoards is unanimously considered to be votive in character. The hoards of the second group (from the 1st century BC to the 2nd-3rd centuries AD) are confined to the lower reaches of the Ob and Irtysh, as well as the Surgut Ob area (Istyatsk, Kazym and Gornoknyazevsk). They are characterised by the presence of bronze cauldrons or other packaging, items of long-distance import (Parthian or Bactrian silver medallions; helmets made in Central Asia; a large number of Sarmatian and even Chinese bronze mirrors, often with engraved local images). Hoards of that period, aimed at hiding prestigious and valuable things, are seen as retrievable. Hoards belonging to the third group (3rd-8th centuries AD) can be referred to as weapon hoards (Parabel, Kholmogory, Ishim, etc.). They are localised mainly in the lower tributaries of the Ob in its middle course. They predominantly consisted of various weapons: arrowheads, spears, axes, sabres, broadswords, combat knives. In addition, bronze mirrors and plates having concentric ornaments, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic images were found in all complexes. Weapon hoards, interpreted as sacred arsenals, reflect the dominant priorities of that time (formation of the military elite; a special status of military practices) and growing military tensions caused by the struggle for control over the foraging territories and trade routes. © 2019 Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All Rights Reserved. ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 18-09-40011 ; Funding. This work was supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 18-09-40011.

The results of three studies of the mental resources of the elderly and old age are presented. The total sample size was 464 people aged 55 to 90 years. A study was made of mental resources (subjective age, cognitive and affective components of Theory of Mind), as well as the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. In all studies, the subjective age and the quality of life and health were studied as indicators of successful aging. The importance of mental resources (understanding of emotions, deception), subjective cognitive illusion of age (feeling younger than his years) for subjective satisfaction with life and health, coupled with lifestyle (active retirees and dependent on social assistance) is shown. Pensioners who lead an active lifestyle and pensioners that are dependent on social assistance perceive themselves younger than their years, although the subjective age is not interconnected with the quality of life and physical health of active people. Changes occur in the psychological systems of resources during the transition from the elderly to the senile age; at this period the growth of disease and cognitive preservation, along with psychological predictors, become a condition of life satisfaction.

Purpose: to find out the main reasons for divorce in old age, to assess social perception of certain situations that lead to divorce, to trace the development later in life after the divorce of former spouse. Methodology: qualitative research on how to "double reflection" in formal means of semi-structured interviews; discourse analysis of online documents on the Internet forums for the elderly. Results: allocated substantial characteristics of divorce in the third age. 1. The causes of divorce in older age, alcoholism, adultery, fake divorce, divorce due to the illness of a spouse, divorce is a consequence of the crisis of retirement. 2. Social approval/ condemnation of divorce in the third age - the examples cited in the study is an indicator of gender inequality. 3. The trajectories of the spouses later in life - "The effect of the return of" the wandering behavior, a new life, a divorce after the divorce. Practical implications - the creation of special courses on social gerontology for students of social and humanitarian disciplines, gerontologists, social workers, as well as the use of programs of socio-psychological training for the elderly.

For survivors in the community, the prospect of going home is disappearing because of political inaction.

The article studies the issues connected with the age for a podyachy (minor official) to start civil service in Russia in 1689– 1710. With reference to vast archival data, the author manages to conclude that the general average age to start civil service was 15.7 years of age, while in case of work for central government it was 14.8, with half of the minor officials starting work before they turned 15. Additionally, the author draws an interdependence of the early start of work and the further career growth of civil servants. ; Рассматривается вопрос о возрасте, в котором начинали государственную гражданскую службу в России в 1689–1710 гг. На основании широкого круга архивных данных установлено, что общий средний возраст поступления на гражданскую службу составлял в этот период 15,7 лет, а поступления в центральные органы власти – 14,8 лет. При этом почти половина лиц вступала в подьячие в возрасте до 15 лет. Кроме того установлена зависимость между ранним началом службы и последующими карьерными успехами государственного служащего.

The review describes the conceptual and content side of the collection of articles, mainly authored by English-speaking specialists that focus on the development of Rome and Constantinople between the 4th and the 6th century. The reviewer emphasizes the topicality of the collection as related to the subject of research. He also points out the arguable nature of issues that have to do the infrastructure formation of early Constantinople and the development of historical typography of Rome in late antiquity. Special attention is paid to the articles that have a new interpretation of the social and political aspects of the two capitals of the late antique society and their social influence on the conservation of structures originating from the classical polis and the western civitas as societies of free citizens enjoying full rights. ; Рецензия раскрывает концептуальную и содержательную стороны сборника статей преимущественно англоязычных специалистов, анализирующих развитие Рима и Константинополя в IV–VI вв. Указана актуальность избираемой исследователями тематики в рамках заявленной сборником проблемы. Подчеркнута спорность решения вопросов, касающихся формирования инфраструктуры раннего Константинополя и развития исторической топографии позднеантичного Рима. Особое внимание обращено на статьи, по-новому раскрывающие социально- политические аспекты функционирования обеих столиц позднеантичного общества и их социальное влияние на консервацию структур, восходящих к классическому полису и западному «цивитас» как коллективам полноправных свободных граждан.

The article presents the analysis of the dynamics of Russian researchers' age structure with the purpose to ind out whether current trends are positive or negative for the Russian scientiic and technical sphere. The article provides an overview of foreign and Russian literature on the problems of the age structure of researchers, such as the relation between the productivity of researchers and their age, the extent and causes of decrease in the number of Russian researchers in the late 90-ies of the twentieth century and in the irst decade of the twenty-irst century. It presents the results of the comparative analysis of the age structure of researchers and its dynamics in Russia and in a number of technologically advanced countries. An overview of some measures of the government scientiic and technical policy in the sphere of regulating the age structure of Russian researchers is done. The following conclusions are made. ''Rejuvenation'' of Russian science as the result of undertaken measures of government policy in the scientiic and technical sphere, aimed at attraction and retention of scientiic personnel, is a positive trend, leading to the increase in the number of researchers in their most productive. However, the decline in the share of researchers at the ages from 40 to 59 can be characterized as a negative trend, because in this age period, scientists have considerable experience and knowledge ready to use in new research and to transfer to the next generation of scientists. The authors conclude that the main purpose of the government policy in the sphere of labor resources of the national science should be the stimulation of growth in total number of researchers to achieve their share in the population comparable with this indicator in technologically developed countries. ; USHAKOVA, S. E., BOYCHENKO T. A. (2018) The analysis of the dynamics of Russian researchers' age structure. Science. Innovations. Education, 27 (1), pp. 5–25.

В статье автор проводит анализ развития цифровой дипломатии и дипломатии данных на современном этапе. Отличительной чертой является то, что автором сделано сравнение нескольких стран в этой области, подчеркнуты как плюсы, так и указаны возможные недостатки. Приведенные примеры и сделанные автором прогнозы дают возможность взглянуть на вопрос развития цифровой дипломатии под другим углом. Автором высказывается мнение о том, что цифровая дипломатия представляет собой очень мощный инструмент, через который потом будет расширено понятие «мягкая сила».

In article the complex assessment of the market of milk and molokoprodukt including allocation of positive and negative trends of development is given.

The analysis of a condition of the dairy industry it was carried out according to Rosstat and FCS. The author considers that decrease in consumption against the background of the stagnating income of households, and with another — rather strong differentiation on extent of saturation is characteristic of the dairy market.

The pursued protectionist agrarian policy provides to domestic agricultural producers of preference, providing development of the dairy industry. However, growth rates are insufficient. For fundamental change of a situation in the industry it is necessary to expand the list of restrictive measures and also to apply the measures of state regulation focused on increase in productivity of work, implementation of innovative technologies, ensuring the principles of the healthy competition, etc.

9 февраля 2016 г. известному барнаульскому археологу Александру Борисовичу Шамшину исполнилось 60 лет. В статье кратко представлены основные этапы его жизненного пути, а такжерезультаты осуществленных исследований и научные достижения. После окончания Алтайскогогосударственного университета (АГУ) А.Б. Шамшин начал работать в организованной Лаборатории археологии, этнографии и истории Алтая. После службы в армии он стал проводить активныеизыскания и раскопки, в ходе которых получены материалы, позволившие ему в 1988 г. защититькандидатскую диссертацию. Важным вкладом в изучение древней истории юга Западной Сибириявляется обобщение материалов по поздней бронзе и переходному времени от эпохи бронзы к раннему железному веку. А.Б. Шамшиным обосновано выделение корчажкинской археологическойкультуры. Верхнее Приобье им рассматривалось как один из центров культурогенеза ирменскойобщности. Кроме памятников развитой и поздней бронзы, Александр Борисович исследовал объекты и других периодов истории. В первую очередь следует отметить изученные им памятникираннего железного века. Особое значение среди научной деятельности юбиляра имеет открытиеи исследование Фирсовского археологического микрорайона. Значительный фонд полученных имнаходок хранится в Музее археологии и этнографии Алтая АГУ Активная педагогическая деятельность А.Б. Шамшина позволила сформировать плеяду учеников, продолживших тематику егонаучных работ. ; On the 9thof February 2016 the famous Barnaul archaeologist Alexander Borisovich Shamshin turned 60. This article summarizes the main stages of his life, and the results of the research and scientific achievements. After the graduation from Altai State University, A.B. Shamshin was left to work in the Laboratory of Archaeology, Ethnography and History of Altai. Then, after his military service, he began to conduct active research and excavations, where he obtained the materials that enabled him to defend his dissertation in 1988. An important contribution to the study of ancient history of the south of Western Siberia is the synthesis of materials on the Late Bronze Age and the transition time from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. A.B. Shamshin justified the allocation of Korchazhka archaeological culture. The Upper Ob region was regarded as one of the centers of cultural genesis of the Irmen community. In addition to studying the monuments of the Developed and Late Bronze, Alexander Borisovich investigated objects and other periods of history. The most important is his research of the monuments of the Early Iron Age. Of a particular importance among the scientific activities of the jubilee is the discovery and study of the Firsovo archaeological district. The considerable fund of the finds which he obtained is stored in the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography of Altai in Altai State University. Active teaching activities of A.B. Shamshin allowed forming a galaxy of disciples who continued the theme of his scientific work.

The study of sex characteristics in characterological types distribution of
pubertal and adolescent population showed that histeroid character traits (42,4 %)
and psychastenic character traits (20,7 %) which form a character type or a mixture
occur more often in a female sampling group; schizoid (28,8 %), epileptoid (44,7 %)
and unstable character (15,2%) traits are common for a male sampling group.
However epileptoid character traits manifestation in a population can be transient.
In general, selected groups are mainly represented by epileptoid (39%), histeroid
(34,7%) and schizoid (23,2%) character traits.

Статья посвящена рассмотрению дискуссии между А.Я. Гуревичем и Л.М. Баткиным, которая внесла значительный вклад в становление «несоветской» медиевистики. Цель исследования состоит в определении характерных черт полемики между А.Я. Гуревичем и Л.М. Баткиным, ее значения в процессе трансформации эпистемологического поля отечественной исторической науки. Теоретической основой статьи стали принципы интеллектуальной истории. Исследование осуществлено на основе сравнительно-исторического и историко-генетического методов. В настоящей работе проанализированы взгляды А.Я. Гуревича и Л.М. Баткина на ряд методологических вопросов, которые оказались в центре прений между учеными. В публикации делается вывод о том, что рассматриваемый диспут затрагивал вопросы о культурной и социальной сущности личности, о реализации личностью функций внутри общественных структур, о причинах и механизмах изменения культурных ценностей и доминант. Трактовка понятия «личность» определяла выбор подхода к изучению общества. Если для А.Я. Гуревича личность является порождением социально-культурной системы конкретной эпохи, а особенность личности заключается в оригинальном соединении общих черт культуры, то для Л.М. Баткина личностью является индивид, который, руководствуясь общими нормами и установлениями, пропускает их через свое сознание и словно вновь порождает нормы и ценности. Согласно Л.М. Баткину, «осознающая личность» – начало преодоления стереотипов и матриц общественного сознания. В этой связи подход А.Я. Гуревича был нацелен на реконструкцию общественных стереотипов и матриц, определявших поведение людей. Л.М. Баткин анализировал выдающиеся литературные произведения, которые, по мысли ученого, открывают в исследуемой культуре ее изменение и трансформацию. Ряд тезисов, высказанных Л.М. Баткиным в ходе полемики, был воспринят и интерпретирован Ю.Л. Бессмертным, А.Л. Юргановым, А.В. Каравашкиным, И.Н. Данилевским и оказал влияние на формирование их научно-исследовательских программ. Ученые сошлись во мнении, что средневековую культуру необходимо изучать исходя из особенностей развития самой культуры, следует уделять внимание пониманию специфики культурного языка, особенностей мышления и самовыражения исследуемой эпохи, надлежит учитывать уникальные черты культуры и использовать принципы герменевтики в качестве методологической основы интерпретации письменных источников.
he article is devoted to the discussion between A. Gurevich and L. Batkin, who made a significant contribution to the development of "non-Soviet" medieval studies. The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristic features of the controversy between A. Gurevich and L. Batkin and its significance in the process of transformation of the epistemological field of Russian historical science. The principles of intellectual history constitute the theoretical foundation of the article. The study was carried out on the basis of comparative historical and historical genetic methods. The present work analyzes the views of A. Gurevich and L. Batkin on a number of methodological issues that were at the center of the debate between the scholars. The author concludes that the dispute under consideration raised questions about the cultural and social essence of the individual, about the implementation by the individual of his functions within social structures, and about the causes and mechanisms for changing cultural values and dominants. The interpretation of the concept of personality determined the choice of approach to the study of society. While for A. Gurevich, the personality is a product of the socio-cultural system of a particular era and the peculiarity of the personality lies in the original combination of common features of culture, L. Batkin views the personality as an individual who, being guided by general norms and regulations, lets them go through his consciousness and as if generates norms and values again. According to L. Batkin, "the conscious personality" is the beginning of overcoming stereotypes and matrices of social consciousness. In this regard, the approach of A. Gurevich was aimed at reconstructing social stereotypes and matrices that determined people's behavior. L. Batkin analyzed outstanding literary works, which, according to the scholar, reveal change and transformation in the culture under study. A number of points made by L. Batkin during the polemic were perceived and interpreted by Yu. Bessmertnyi, A. Yurganov, A. Karavashkin, and I. Danilevskii and influenced the formation of their research agenda. The scholars agreed that medieval culture should be studied proceeding from the peculiarities of the development of the culture itself; attention should be paid to understanding the specifics of the language of culture, features of thinking and self-expression of the era under study; unique features of culture should be taken into account; it is required to use the principles of hermeneutics as a methodological basis for the interpretation of written sources.

The modern global civilization is at the stage of the formation of the information society. The scientific and technological revolution, accentuation of the services production sphere, and growing importance of information resources determine the special significance of education as a driving force of social progress. This work is devoted to the analysis of the role of education in achieving the goals of sustainable development, in socio-economic development, its features during the period of information transformation of society, and key principles that contribute to solving the challenges of our time.