The article deals with administrative procedure for offences committed by foreigners and stateless persons in the field of drug trafficking, as well as the features of administrative and preventive measures that are applied. The methodological basis of the study include a systematic approach, which considers a system of administrative measures aimed at combating drug trafficking; logical-semantic method, which is used to develop the conceptual apparatus; comparative legal method used for the analysis of the limit values of the size of drugs in different countries, etc. It is emphasized that for administrative offenses of this category such persons are brought to administrative liability on the grounds common to the citizens of Ukraine. Such persons can also be brought to administrative liability for offences involving the illicit trafficking of drugs in small sizes without the purpose of sale. Proceedings in cases of administrative offenses related to illicit trafficking of drugs and psychotropic substances can be understood as a special type of activity of authorized bodies, which is aimed at bringing to administrative liability those who have committed administrative offenses in this area. It is established that the procedure for introducing administrative offenses related to drug trafficking committed by foreigners and stateless persons follows the stages established by the administrative legislation of Ukraine. It is shown that this category of people should be informed on the maximum size of these hazardous substances, which differ significantly from similar indicators that are accepted in other countries. According to the current legislation, for administrative offenses related to drug trafficking, foreigners and stateless persons may be subject to administrative deportation, reduction of the period of temporary stay on the territory of Ukraine, forced return to the country from which they arrived.
Dept. of Public Health/박사 ; "The World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Regional Office (WPRO) initiated a Public Health Law project in 2010, trying to develop a tool for monitoring the public health law situation in the WPRO countries. The project conducted pilot tests in four WPRO countries to check the appropriateness of a Public Health Analysis tool. Now, they are preparing to extend the assessment to new countries based on previous experience and learning. However issues have been raised about this 'Analysis Tool to Assess Public Health Law' which is comprised of four modules with a total of 90 questions, including its usefulness and future use, which still need to be answered. So, the aims of this study are 1) to present for an argument and demonstrate the usefulness of analyzing public health law and legal systems in countries as a tool of global health governance, 2) to identify the methods for the improvement of the application of an analysis framework including the academic value for public health law, and 3) to further enhance the future use of the framework for measuring domestic public health law and legal systems supporting global health governance. Literature review was undertaken on global health governance and public health law. At the same time international forums and conferences were attended to update academic perspectives on the same topic. Expert consultations were held on public health law in the Western Pacific Region to formulate the initial analysis framework and tool, which was subsequently pilot tested in four countries: Republic of Korea, Philippines, Vanuatu and Samoa. After a further revision, Kingdom of Cambodia was included too as a country implementing pilot test to establish the whole assessment process and its implications. In addition further meetings were held with technical staff in WHO/WPRO to review the applicability of the framework and analysis tool. To form the foundation of this thesis and the further design of a model for incounty monitoring for public health law supporting global governance, historical health legislation related activities were analyzed, as well as similar cases reviewed to understand the model's strengths and weaknesses. As infrastructure and intervention, Public health law provides a legal and administrative means that assures social conditions in which people can live healthy life. Monitoring public health law and legal systems in countries as one tool to understand governance that supports the improvement of people's health is a major strategy for WHO/WPRO. The appropriateness and usefulness of the analysis framework and its assessment tool for public health law were confirmed through applying it in selected countries in the Western Pacific Region. The pilot tests confirmed that special consideration should be given to its implementation process, such as getting concurrence from government and qualification of the local researchers as well as to the analysis of the assessment, such as quality control, analysis methods and implication of such to describe the local public health law and regulatory situation in a country. Lastly, the future vision for monitoring domestic public health law and legal systems supporting global health governance was proposed that includes 1) further development of the tool to assess health law, 2) creation of website and database of public health laws, 3) the establishment of networking to further enhance the analysis and establishment of domestic public health law on the basis of international health laws. Developing an assessment framework to analyze public health law and legal systems in countries as a tool for global health governance was demonstrated and proved useful. Secondly the tool added academic value by its applicability in different countries resulting in significant data collection and the ability to provide an overview of the public health law situation in selected WPRO countries." ; open
The article is aimed at analyzing of existing legislation on the use of comparative advertising in Ukraine. The author establishes that legislation on intellectual property plays a crucial role if a competitor's intellectual property rights are infringed by the use of comparative advertising. The purpose of the article is to analyze comparative advertising in the context of intellectual property, as well as to define the objects of intellectual property that can be used in comparative advertising. The latest changes in legislation regarding comparative advertising are analyzed. Such changes allow the use of images, trademarks or other symbols in comparative advertising. Comparative advertising was actually prohibited in Ukraine until November 12, 2019, although its use was prescribed in the legislation. But in practice, however, such use was not possible because use in such comparative advertising objects of intellectual property competitors was not enough regulated. The amendments to current legislation on comparative advertising have settled the aspects of using objects of intellectual property in comparative advertising. The article proves that for the purpose of comparative advertising creation, it is essential to adhere to the laws and regulations that are governed by intellectual property law. In the article, the author analyzes some countries' legislation on comparative advertising, namely the USA, the United Kingdom, the EU Member States. The author has found the basic elements and the objects of intellectual property that could be used in comparative advertising. The author comes to the conclusion that for the creation of comparative advertising, the crucial role of intellectual property in comparative advertising should be clearly recognized.
В статье даётся общая характеристика источников права, регулирующих отношения, связанные со слияниями, присоединениями, поглощениями акционерных обществ в России и корпораций в США, соответственно, в российском законодательстве и законодательстве США и отдельных штатов. Как в России, так и в США существует конституционное разделение полномочий между федеральными властями и субъектами федерации. Правовое регулирование слияния, присоединения и поглощения корпораций осуществляется в обеих странах в первую очередь рядом законов. Эти законы подразделяются на три основные группы: о ценных бумагах, антитрестовские (антимонопольные) и гражданское и акционерное законодательство в России и законы о корпорациях в США. Первые две группы это федеральные законы обеих стран, последняя в России это федеральные законы, в США законы штатов. Следует выделить более важную роль судебных решений в США по сравнению с Россией в правовом регулировании слияний, присоединений, поглощений. Это обстоятельство обусловлено различием правовых систем рассматриваемых государств. В то же время, хотя Россия не является государством прецедентного права, такие правовые акты, как постановления Пленума Высшего Лрбитражного Суда, несомненно оказывают влияние на правоприменительную практику и, следовательно, на регулирование соответствующих отношений. Особое значение имеют постановления Конституционного Суда (КС), которые могут отменить законодательные акты или их отдельные положения, признанные не соответствующими Конституции РФ. Решения судов и иных органов, основанные на актах или их отдельных положениях, признанных постановлением КС неконституционными, не подлежат исполнению и должны быть пересмотрены в установленных федеральным законом случаях. Прецедентное право США подразумевает иерархию прецедентов, согласно которой решения вышестоящих судов являются обязательными при рассмотрении дел и принятии решений нижестоящими инстанциями. Судебные решения оказывают большое влияние на регулирование слияний и поглощений корпораций, в частности, на Законы о корпорациях штатов. ; The article outlines general characteristics of the sources of law, regulating relations associated with mergers, consolidations, acquisitions of joint stock companies in Russia and corporations in the United States respectively in the Russian legislation and the legislation of the United States and individual States. Both in Russia and in the USA there is a constitutional separation of powers between the Federal authorities and the Subjects of the Federation/States respectively. In both countries legal regulation of mergers and acquisitions of corporations is carried out first of all by a number of laws. These laws fall into three main groups: securities laws, antitrust (competition) laws and civil and joint-stock legislation in Russia and corporate laws in the US. All the three groups are federal laws in Russia, while in the US the first two are federal too, but the last one is state laws. It is necessary to highlight the important role of judicial decisions in the United States on legal regulation of mergers, acquisitions, takeovers in comparison with Russia, which is due to the differences in the legal systems of the states in question. However, although Russia is not a state of case law, such legal acts as the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Commercial Court will undoubtedly have an impact on law enforcement practice and, consequently, on the regulation of relevant relations. Of particular importance are the findings of the Constitutional Court, whose decisions may cancel acts or their separate provisions provided they are recognized as unconstitutional. Such acts are repealed. Decisions of courts and other bodies based on acts or their separate provisions, recognized by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation unconstitutional, are not subject to execution and shall be revised in accordance with the Federal law. The US case law implies existence of a hierarchy of precedents according to which decisions adopted by the higher courts are binding for cases adjudicated in lower courts. Judicial decisions have a major impact on the regulation of mergers and acquisitions of corporations, in particular, the state corporate Laws. The article analyses the main similarities and differences of sources of legal regulation of mergers, consolidations, acquisitions of joint stock companies in Russia and corporations in the United States.
Статья посвящена анализу особенностей интеграции калмыцкого населения в правовую систему Российской империи в конце XVIIIпервой половине XIX в. После ликвидации государственности калмыцкого народа российским правительством была начата работа по реализации принципов организации и функционирования системы российского судопроизводства на территории Калмыцкой степи. Попытки ведения местного (национального) законодательства в единое законодательное пространство страны завершились тем, что была изменена подсудность дел и фактически перераспределены полномочия по их рассмотрению. Постепенное распространение российского законодательство в национальном судопроизводстве привело к сокращению перечня дел, рассматриваемых по древним калмыцким законам. Несмотря на это, судебная практика, вводимая на территории Калмыцкой степи, позволяла учитывать социальную жизнь и быт калмыков, специфику национальной ментальности и особенности правосознания. При сохранении отдельных местных традиционных структур и институтов власти в Калмыцкой степи все более усиливалась роль российских чиновников, а суды находились под жестким надзором администрации. Существенным минусом этого процесса стало то, что новые порядки вводились сверху и носили искусственный характер. Калмыцкое правосознание оставалось прежним и не могло поменяться так быстро, как того хотело правительство. Новое судопроизводство стало носить формальный характер, а российские суды, к компетенции, которых была отнесена значительная часть калмыцких дел, сами нуждались в реформировании. Процесс интеграции протекал достаточно сложно и к середине XIX в. не был завершен. Это привело к тому, что во всех улусах сложилась различная практика в отношении судопроизводства и подсудности улусных Зарго, а калмыки потеряли всякое доверие к своему суду, осуществлявшему судопроизводство по российским законам, и судьям, не имевшим практического опыта обращения к нормам калмыцкого обычного права. ; Article is devoted to the analysis of features of integration of the kalmyk population into a system of law of the Russian Empire at the end of XVIIIthe first half of the 19th century. After liquidation of statehood of the kalmyk people by the Russian government work on implementation of the principles of the organization and functioning of system of the Russian legal proceedings in the territory of the Kalmyk steppe was begun. Attempts of maintaining the local (national) legislation in single legislative space of the country came to the end with the fact that cognizance of affairs was changed and powers on their consideration are actually redistributed. Gradual distribution Russian led the legislation in national legal proceedings to reducing the list of the cases considered under ancient Kalmyk laws. Despite it, the court practice entered in the territory of the Kalmyk steppe allowed to consider social life and life of kalmyks, specifics of national mentality and feature of sense of justice. When preserving separate local traditional structures and institutes of the power in the Kalmyk steppe the role of the Russian officials more and more amplified, and courts were under tough supervision of administration. Essential minus of this process was the fact that new orders were entered from above and had artificial character. The Kalmyk sense of justice remained the same and couldn't exchange as quickly as that was wanted by the government. New legal proceedings began to have formal character, and the Russian courts, to competence which a considerable part of the Kalmyk cases was referred, needed reforming. Process of integration proceeded rather difficult and to the middle of the 19th century wasn't complete. It led to the fact that in all uluses there was various practice concerning legal proceedings and cognizance the ulusnykh Zargo, and Kalmyks lost any trust to the court performing legal proceedings under the Russian laws, and the judges who didn't have practical experience of the appeal to regulations of the Kalmyk common law.
The purpose of the article is to determine the forms of implementation of the principles of criminal law in the acts of criminal law. Methods. Methodological tools are selected in accordance with the purpose, specifics of the object and subject of the research. The general dialectical method of scientific knowledge of real legal phenomena is viewed as the main one among other methodological tools. Special research methods used in the study are: the method of systematic analysis, formal legal, interpretation of law, comparative law and modelling methods. The theoretical basis of the study is the latest scientific works in the chosen field of research. Results. As proved during the analysis of law enforcement acts, criminal law principles have their reflection and content in the acts of application and implementation of criminal law. Each individual act of application or implementation of criminal law takes into account the relevant set of principles that complement each other and provide law enforcement agencies with comprehensive tools to reflect in such acts of objectively existing social relations. Acts of implementation of the rules of criminal law are "manifestations" of the actual behaviour of the subjects of criminal law. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, each individual act of application or implementation of criminal law takes into account the relevant set of principles that complement each other and provide law enforcement agencies with comprehensive tools to reflect in such acts of objectively existing social relations. These are the acts of application of criminal law that embody the greatest number of principles of criminal law mainly due to the reflection of the latter in the documents drawn up by law enforcement agencies (indictments, petitions for coercive measures of medical or educational nature, convictions, rulings, etc.). Keywords: principles of criminal law; acts of implementation of criminal law; acts of application of criminal law.
1. Rethinking Halal: Critical Perspective on Halal Markets and Certification / Ayang Utriza Yakin, Louis-Léon Christians and Baudouin Dupret -- Part I. Halal Market: Genealogy and Current Trends: 2. Rethinking Halal: Hegemony, Agency, and Process / Harun Sencal and Mehmet Asutay -- 3. Halal Practices at the Dawn of Southeast Asian Modernity: Some Cases of Halal Fatwas in al-Manar in the Beginning of the Twentieth Century / Jajat Burhanudin -- 4. Halal Issues, Ijtihād and Fatwa-Making in Indonesia and Malaysia / Syafiq Hasyim -- 5. Developing the Halal Market: China's Opportunity to Strengthen mena and Uighur/Hui Issues / Zaynab El Bernoussi -- 6. Science, Politics, and Islam: The Other Origin Story of Halal Authentication in Indonesia / En-Chieh Chao -- Part II. Halal Certification: New Interpretations in Critical Perspective: 7. Halal Certification, Standards, and Their Ramifications in Belgium / Ayang Utriza Yakin -- 8. The Italian and Spanish Legal Experiences with Halal Certifying Bodies / Rossella Bottoni -- 9. The Process of Eating Ethically: A Comparison of Religious and National Food Certifications in Italy / Lauren Crossland-Marr -- 10. Halal Certification as a Source of Intra and Inter Group Tensions among Muslims in Poland / Konrad Pędziwiatr -- 11. Living Halal in the Volga Region: Lifestyle and Civil Society Opportunities / Matteo Benussi -- Index.
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Purpose: studying of experience of sanitary police organization as part of the national system of health surveillance of 30th years of the twentieth century. Materials and methods. In study the system-historical method has been applied. As an information source archival materials, collections of laws and regulations of the first half of the twentieth century are served.Results. In the first years of Sanitary Service of Ukraine activity, near to many problems, which demanded direct intervention of health officer, were such which performance it is possible to charge less to qualified employees. For clearing of health physicians from routine unskilled work and granting them to focus on health-care issues was created sanitary police. Sanitary police units have been appointed to help medical service with carrying out of visual sanitary surveillance. Workers of sanitary police in their operative work are subordinated to sanitary doctor. However, in activity of sanitary police priority in management was given to law enforcement agencies.Conclusions. Reforming of sanitary-and-epidemiologic service of Ukraine should consider historical experience of interdepartmental cooperation in conducting health surveillance.KEY WORDS: sanitary legislation, sanitary surveillance, medicine history. ; Мета: вивчення досвіду організації санітарної міліції як складової вітчизняної системи санітарного нагляду 30-х років ХХ століття.Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні використано системно-історичний метод. Джерелом інформації слугували архівні матеріали, збірки законів та підзаконних актів першої половини ХХ століття.Результати. У перші роки діяльності санітарної служби України, поруч з багатьма проблемами, що вимагали безпосереднього втручання санітарного лікаря, були такі, вирішення яких можна було доручити менш кваліфікованим працівникам. З метою звільнення санітарних лікарів від рутинної низькокваліфікованої роботи та надання їм можливості зосередити свою увагу на медико-профілактичних питаннях було створено санітарну міліцію. Підрозділи санітарної міліції були призначені допомагати медичній службі у проведенні візуального санітарного нагляду. Робітники санміліції у своїй оперативній роботі підпорядковувалися санітарному лікарю. Однак у діяльності санміліції пріоритет у керівництві було віддано правоохоронним органам.Висновки. Реформування санітарно-епідеміологічної служби України повинне враховувати історичний досвід міжвідомчої співпраці у проведенні санітарного нагляду.КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: санітарне законодавство, санітарний нагляд, історія медицини.
Purpose: studying of experience of sanitary police organization as part of the national system of health surveillance of 30th years of the twentieth century. Materials and methods. In study the system-historical method has been applied. As an information source archival materials, collections of laws and regulations of the first half of the twentieth century are served.Results. In the first years of Sanitary Service of Ukraine activity, near to many problems, which demanded direct intervention of health officer, were such which performance it is possible to charge less to qualified employees. For clearing of health physicians from routine unskilled work and granting them to focus on health-care issues was created sanitary police. Sanitary police units have been appointed to help medical service with carrying out of visual sanitary surveillance. Workers of sanitary police in their operative work are subordinated to sanitary doctor. However, in activity of sanitary police priority in management was given to law enforcement agencies.Conclusions. Reforming of sanitary-and-epidemiologic service of Ukraine should consider historical experience of interdepartmental cooperation in conducting health surveillance.KEY WORDS: sanitary legislation, sanitary surveillance, medicine history. ; Мета: вивчення досвіду організації санітарної міліції як складової вітчизняної системи санітарного нагляду 30-х років ХХ століття.Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні використано системно-історичний метод. Джерелом інформації слугували архівні матеріали, збірки законів та підзаконних актів першої половини ХХ століття.Результати. У перші роки діяльності санітарної служби України, поруч з багатьма проблемами, що вимагали безпосереднього втручання санітарного лікаря, були такі, вирішення яких можна було доручити менш кваліфікованим працівникам. З метою звільнення санітарних лікарів від рутинної низькокваліфікованої роботи та надання їм можливості зосередити свою увагу на медико-профілактичних питаннях було створено санітарну міліцію. Підрозділи санітарної міліції були призначені допомагати медичній службі у проведенні візуального санітарного нагляду. Робітники санміліції у своїй оперативній роботі підпорядковувалися санітарному лікарю. Однак у діяльності санміліції пріоритет у керівництві було віддано правоохоронним органам.Висновки. Реформування санітарно-епідеміологічної служби України повинне враховувати історичний досвід міжвідомчої співпраці у проведенні санітарного нагляду.КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: санітарне законодавство, санітарний нагляд, історія медицини.
The National League of Cities' "Principles of Home Rule for the Twenty-First Century" updates the American Municipal Association's 1953 "Model Constitutional Provisions for Municipal Home Rule." The AMA approach was widely adopted, but those provisions are now over 65 years old and intervening social, demographic, economic, and political changes necessitates a new approach to the legal structure of state-local relations. The NLC's approach is organized around four basic principles, which are cashed-out in a model constitutional home rule provision, with commentary. The first principle states that a state's law of home rule should provide local governments the full capacity to govern to the limits of state law across the entire range of subject matters. The second principle states that home rule should guarantee local fiscal authority and ensure local fiscal stability. The third principle embodies a presumption against state preemption of local laws, authorizing such preemption only when expressly stated and when the displacement of local authority is narrowly tailored to achieve a substantial state interest. The fourth principle states that local governments should have authority to manage their own democratic processes and structure of governance and should be able to act without fear of retaliation for the exercise of local authority. These principles are meant to readjust a state-local relationship that has recently become heavily tilted toward the exercise of state power. In many states, preemptive laws and judicial decisions have reduced existing state constitutional grants of home rule to a narrowly constricted sphere. Preemptive and punitive state laws are undermining the original purpose of home rule, as embodied in the 1953 AMA provisions, to provide for meaningful self-government at the local level.
La comunidad de bienes como forma de ejercer una actividad empresarial es una realidad en el tráfico económico-mercantil. Son entes sin personalidad jurídica, reconocidos por determinados sectores del ordenamiento jurídico a sus propios fines, que carecen de un régimen jurídico propio. Determinar cuáles son sus características esenciales y cuál es su relación con la comunidad de bienes regulada en el Código civil o con la sociedad, permite centrar el debate sobre su calificación y sobre el régimen aplicable. Aceptadas por la doctrina y la jurisprudencia, su reconocimiento y régimen jurídico son objeto de propuesta de regulación por el legislador.Joint ownership, as a way of performing a business transaction, is a reality in financial and commercial dealings. It involves entities without a legal identity which, although they are recognized by certain sectors of the legal system for their own purposes, are without a specific legal status. Defining their essential characteristics and their relationship with joint ownership as regulated by the Civil Code or with the society, makes it possible to focus discussion on their status and the rules which are applicable to them. Although they are accepted by doctrine and case law, their recognition and legal status are the subject of a proposal for regulation on the part of the legislator.
В статье излагаются особенности правового мониторинга как одной из наиболее значимых юридических технологий в законотворческой деятельности, обосновывается задача институционализации правового мониторинга как юридической технологии по экспертному обеспечению законодательной деятельности Государственной Думы. В статье отстаивается идея о том, что сущность правового мониторинга составляет систематическая оценка не только норм действующих нормативных правовых актов, но и практики их применения, что позволяет от бессистемного и в целом ряде случаев «популистского» внесения изменений в действующее законодательство перейти к его научно обоснованному совершенствованию на основе своевременного выявления имеющихся недостатков в правовом регулировании. Специальное внимание уделяется использованию разработанных юридической наукой приемов и способов, направленных на повышение качества принимаемых законодательных актов, а также эффективности их реализации и современных юридических технологий. Обращается внимание на содержательный опыт регламентации осуществления правового мониторинга законодательными (представительными) органами государственной власти, накопленный в субъектах Российской Федерации. Проведение правовой экспертизы законов в рамках осуществления их правового мониторинга Государственной Думой позволит оценить текущее состояние законодательства, определить его правовую актуальность. ; The article outlines the features of a legal monitor-ing system as one of the most important legal tech-nology in law-making, will settle the problem of the fall-institutionalisation of legal monitoring as a legal technology expert support of the legislative activity of the State Duma. The article defends the idea that the essence of the legal monitoring is the systematic eval-uation of not only the norms of the current regulations, but also their application, which allows from unsys-tematic and in a number of cases of "populist" changes to the current legislation go to its people scientifically justified on the basis of improving the early detection of the existing shortcomings in the legal regulation. Special attention is given to the use of a legally scientific techniques and methods aimed at improving the quality of decision-legislative acts of enforcement and the effectiveness of their implementation and the first modern legal technologies. Attention is drawn to the experience of meaningful regulation of the legal moni-toring by the legislative (representative) bodies of state power accumulated in the Russian Federation. Legal expertise of the laws in the exercise of their legal mon-itoring by the State Duma will assess the current state of the legislator-tion, to determine its legal relevance.
Using Mexico's Tarjeta de Visitante por Razones Humanitarias (TVRH) as a primary case study, this article examines how states can use temporary protection schemes as border security measures while claiming to provide protection. Although the TVRH offers a legal pathway and status to move within Mexico, it equally restricts certain rights due to its temporary nature. It becomes a form of differential inclusion by which the state has the right to be able to "exclude and define the limits" of a particular population but also claim inclusion on humanitarian grounds. Despite the claim of protecting migrants, the application of this regular status can essentially become a form of interdiction, which sustains the political framing of migration as ultimately a "threat" that needs to be governed. On the ground, migrants with these temporary regular statuses occupy a liminal space and live a precarious existence similar to those migrants who do not possess a legal status at all. This power imbalance exists more often as states prefer to grant a temporary immigration status, which ensures less responsibility and support that accompanies more rights and protections. Based on policy analysis and field work, the article will examine the TVRH, the processes for obtaining this legal status, and the consequences for irregular migrants. - Usando de la Tarjeta de Visitante por Razones Humanitarias (TVRH) de México, como un estudio de caso prinicpal, este artículo examina cómo los estados pueden utilizar esquemas de protección temporal como medidas de seguridad mientras afirman brindar protección. Y aunque la TVRH ofrece una vía legal y estatus para moverse dentro de México, esto igualmente restringe ciertos derechos debido a su carácter temporal. De esta forma se convierte en una forma de inclusión diferencial mediante la cual el Estado tiene derecho a poder "excluir y definir los límites" de una población en particular, aunque también tenga la opción de reclamar inclusión por motivos humanitarios. A pesar de la pretensión de ...
Проанализировано конституционное законодательство Украины, регулирующее правовой статус религиозных объединений, сформулированы предложения по его совершенствованию в соответствии с международно-правовыми стандартами. ; The paper explores the constitutional legislation of Ukraine regarding the legal status of religious associations, formulating proposals for its improvement in accordance with international legal standards. The legal status of religious associations and their correlation within and with the state are bound to the recognition and implementation of freedom of conscience. While consolidating the principle of freedom of conscience constitutions of modern democracies do not define the scope of this principle's legal regulation. Thus creating artificial complications when defining the substance of the legal status of religious associations, built on the foundation that is freedom of religion. Therefore, the designation of ways and approaches to the constitutional regulation of freedom of conscience and association are both theoretically and practically important research directions in the theory of law. The article focuses on the analysis of methodological development principles of national constitutional law on religious associations. The author reveals the constitutional model of church-state relations in Ukraine, which is a prerequisite to the analysis of the current state of constitutional recognition of freedom of conscience and the right of association in Ukraine. The author also dwells on the issue of establishing legal grounds for the restriction of freedom of religion, and the analysis of Ukrainian citizens' complications when exercising the right of alternative service for religious or other reasons. As an outcome of the research, the author defines and analyzes the main approaches to the improvement of the constitutional legislation of Ukraine in terms of regulation of freedom of conscience and activity of religious associations in accordance with European legal standards.
Modern Russia takes a quite humble place in the world in respect of import of capital. It is primarily associated with the fact of absence of a favorable investment climate, which is determined by political stability, legal guarantees for foreign investors, developed institutional and market infrastructure, tax benefits for foreign investors etc.
