The article describes the life and creative path of the famous scientist, a prominent specialist in the field of ecology, breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, аcademician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, laureate of the State Prize and the Prizes of the Government of the Russian Federation Viktor Fedorovich Pivovarov. ; В статье изложен жизненный и творческий путь известного ученого, крупного специалиста в области экологии, селекции и семеноводства овощных культур, академика РАН, Заслуженного деятеля науки РФ, лауреата Государственной премии и премий Правительства РФ Пивоварова Виктора Фёдоровича.
Мифы сегодня – это не только объект изучения науки, но и достояние обыденного сознания современного человека. В современном мире мифы обслуживают различные сферы общественной и государственной жизни общества. Чаще всего они создаются соответствующими институтами. Они аккумулировали жизненный опыт людей, прописаны в современном обществе, а не только в далёком прошлом. Мифы, которые сегодня бытуют в науке, нельзя рассматривать однозначно. Как правило, они могут носить как стимулирующий, так и деструктивный характер. В статье рассмотрено позитивное значение мифа в науке и для неё. ; Today, myths are not only an object of scientific research, but also – the wealth of ordinary consciousness of modern humankind. In today's world myths serve various spheres of social and political life of society. They are created by appropriate institutions. Life experience of people has been accumulated in myths, which ingrained in modern society. The myths that are prevalent today in science, cannot be examined clearly. As a rule, they can be both stimulating and destructive. The article describes a positive importance of myth in terms of science.
In the light of the serious challenges facing human civilization, it is imperative that measures should be taken to eradicate global bio-illiteracy and spread biological education for nonbiologists worldwide. This was one of the main goals of Prof M.V. Gusev's efforts in the capacity of a member of the Commission for Biological Education. Conceptual underpinnings for his practical activities were provided by the biocentric doctrine that in Gusev's view implied understanding and appreciating the absolute value of life in all its forms, advocating an ethical attitude towards biodiversity, and considering humankind as part and parcel to planetary bios (life). Biocentrism also provides the philosophical foundations for a more specific research direction, biopolitics, that is construed herein as encompassing all social and political implications of modern life sciences from genetics to neurophysiology to ecology to primatology. Currently, biopolitics represents an interdisciplinary area of research that actively develops on the global scale and includes philosophical (quasi-ideological), political science-related (theoretical), and practical dimensions. Biopolitics forms part of a wider area referred to as humanities-centered biology that incorporates all possible contributions of life sciences to social sciences and humanities. Apart from biopolitics, humanities-centered biology also includes bioethics, biophilosophy, biosemiotics, etc. ; Not available
In the popular science review, dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the first publication of the Periodic Table of chemical elements by D.I. Mendeleev, the elements of the 5th (main) Group (namely nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth) are considered. The history of these elements discovery and some their properties are shortly described. The elements of the fifth group are also called "the elements of life", which is linked with both the development of living organisms themselves and their compounds importance for human life. The review confirms this thesis in a popular-science form, using the available literature data on the role of chemical compounds of Group 5th elements in the development of living nature as well as in the progress of human civilization.
Проблема формирования постметафизического стиля мышления является одной из центральных в современной философии, оказывая существенное влияние на развитие общего стиля теоретизирования в социально-гуманитарных науках. Ее исследование важно для осознания особенностей концептуального базиса современного философского мировоззрения и оснований науки. Интерес к ней обусловлен тем, что вопросы, вызванные к жизни изменениями в теоретической мысли, находят отражение в культуре, практике и политической жизни современного общества. ; The problem of forming a post-metaphysical style of thinking is one of the central in modern philosophy, exerting a significant influence on the development of a general style of theorizing in the social and human sciences. Her research is important for understanding the features of the conceptual basis of the modern philosophical worldview and the foundations of science. Interest in it is due to the fact that the issues brought to life by changes in theoretical thought are reflected in the culture, practice and political life of modern society.
Many people believe that the traditional descriptive geography has exhausted. The position dominates that the country description is not a contribution to science, whereas the regularity, which was confi rmed by quantitative measurements, has scientifi c value and importance. But the vast majority of people believe that the geography is the science about countries. Ignoring local geography and regional geography by geographers leads to neglect of opportunities of geographical science. The task of designing the national geography requires the unity of its physical and economic branches, ties them both to history and politics. Adjustments to the curriculum of geographic, touristic and humanitarian specialties of higher education institutions are required. Multi-volume regional editions of "Russia" and "Picturesque Russia" described the nature together with way of life and style of thinking of inhabitants. Similar by the goals and objectives, the editions of "Soviet Union" and "Environmental Condition and Natural resources of the USSR", published in the 60s – early 70s, were incomplete because of the lack of attention to a human being. For any state the creating of its attractive portrait to raise its prestige is no less important than the strengthening of the military and economic power. The global role of Russia is that it is a kind of biosphere-therapeutic reserve of the globe, almost half of its spaces are not burdened by anthropogenic and technogenic load. It is geographic attributes that provide political continuity of the country. Together with the traditional division of geography on the physical and socioeconomic geography it should be emphasized and the other two main parts – a general geography and regional geography. ; Многие полагают, что традиционное описательное страноведение себя исчерпало. Господствует позиция, что подтвержденная количественными измерениями закономерность научна и весома, а страноведческое описание не является вкладом в науку. Но подавляющее большинство людей полагает, что география – это наука о странах. Игнорирование краеведения и страноведения географами ведет к пренебрежению возможностями географической науки. Задача конструирования национальной географии требует единения ее физической и социально-экономической ветвей, связи их обеих с историей и политикой. Необходима коррекция учебных планов географических, гуманитарных и туристических специальностей вузов. В многотомных страноведческих изданиях "Россия" и "Живописная Россия" природа подавалась вместе с укладом, бытом и стилем мышления населяющих ее людей. В отсутствии человека кроется незавершенность сходных по целям и задачам изданий "Советский Союз" и "Природные условия и естественные ресурсы СССР", выпускавшихся в 1960-х – начале 1970-х годов.Для авторитета любого государства конструирование своего притягательного портрета не менее важно, чем укрепления военно-экономического могущества. Глобальная роль России состоит в том, что она – своего рода биосферно-терапевтический резерват земного шара, почти половина ее пространств не отягощена антропогенной и техногенной нагрузкой. Политическую преемственность страны обеспечивают именно ее географические атрибуты. Вместе с традиционным делением географии на физическую и социально-экономическую следовало бы подчеркнуть и другие две главные ее части – общую географию, или землеведение, и региональную географию, или страноведение.
The Islamic intellectual thought of the thirteenth to nineteenth centuries has long been represented as an intellectual "decadence" or "sclerosis," due to the discourse of orientalists. In recent decades, however, researchers have sought to challenge the orientalist paradigm by highlighting the scholarly currents and vigorous discussions that characterized the period in question. As a direct critique of the narratives of either "decline" or "ignorance" that persist in Islamic intellectual historiography, Naser Dumairieh's recent book attempts to reveal the situation of rational and theoretical sciences in the Hijāz by focusing on the life and work of al-Kūrānī, the seventeenth-century Shāfi'ī hadith scholar, Sufi, and theologian. Following the footsteps of Khaled el-Roauyheb's influential book Islamic Intellectual History in the Seventeenth Century, Dumairieh not only examines al-Kūrānī's ideas, but also offers a comprehensive glimpse into the intellectual life in contemporary Hijāz.
Danışman: Alihan Limoncuoğlu ; Modernleşme kavramına yönelik gelişmeler, 17. yüzyılda başlamış, 18. ve 19. yüzyıl ile devamlılık kazanmıştır. Dünya genelinde söz konusu gelişmeler, Osmanlı Devleti'ni de etkilemiş ve özellikle de orduda Batı'nın gücünü yansıtabilme eğilimli çalışmalar geliştirilmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti'nde bu durum, Tanzimat Dönemi ile beraber etkin bir şekilde değerlendirilmiş ve sonraki süreçte de etkin bir mekanizmayı yansıtmıştır. Türkiye'de, Cumhuriyet'in kurulması ile beraber modernleşmeye yönelik çalışmaların gelişmesi, öncelikli olarak halk üzerinde çağdaşlaşma adı altında gelişmeleri kapsamıştır. Bu durumda belirgin olan faktörler arasında, halkın geleneksellik yapısından uzaklaştırılması ve özellikle de din ile araya mesafe koyma eğilimli çalışmaları içermektedir. Halk tarafından onaylanmayan ve tepkiyle karşılaşılan unsurlar arasında, muhafazakârlık olgusunun uzaklaştırılması durumu önemli bir sorunsallık taşımaktadır. Türkiye'de Özal dönemi ile beraber gelişme gösteren anlayışlar arasında muhafazakâr kesimin düşüncelerine yönelik unsurlar önemli bir pozisyon kazanmıştır. Bu anlayışı geliştirmede Özal, liberalizm ve muhafazakârlık olgusunu önemli bir düzeyde irdeleyen ve geliştiren çalışmalar arasında yer almıştır. Özal'ın yeni-sağ yaklaşımı ile beraber liberalizm ve muhafazakârlık anlayışının yansıtıcıları değerlendirildiğinde, bu anlayışların siyasal hayat yapısını göstermesinde etkili olduğu belirtilebilmektedir. Aynı zamanda ifade edilen anlayışların geliştirilmesi sağlandığında, ekonomik temelde kalkınmayı sağlama hedefi ve dış ilişkilere yönelik politikaları önemli bir nitelik taşımaktadır. Özal'ın anlayışı içerisinde, demokratik anlayış yapısının üç hürriyet anlayış kapsamında şekillenmesi, düşünce ve ifade özgürlüğünü savunması, din ve vicdan özgürlüğünü geliştirmesi ve teşebbüs özgürlüğü ile beraber ekonomik anlayışta insanların girişimcilik çalışmalarına bağlı eğilimlerini savunması, önemli bir yeni-sağ yaklaşım anlayışını kapsamaktadır. Diğer yandan Özal'ın Türkiye'de, yeni-sağ yaklaşımında, Batı'da söz konusu olan anlayışlardan farklı şekillerde değerlendirilmesi, çalışmaların farklı süreçleri kapsamasını oluşturmaktadır. Özal'ın anlayışları arasında en önemli etmenler arasında, Türkiye'yi diğer ülkeler arasında önemli bir konuma taşıma ve bu durumu sağlayabilmek için de Avrupa Ekonomi Topluluğu gibi yerlerde üyeliklerini gerçekleştirmeye yönelik çalışmaları önem taşımaktadır. Bu kapsamda araştırma çerçevesinde Turgut Özal'ın liberalizm ve muhafazakârlık anlayışlarının değerlendirilmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda devamlılık kazanan siyasal hayatı, çeşitli süreçlerden etkilenme göstermiştir. Araştırma kapsamında gerçekleştirilen literatür taraması ile beraber, dış politikalara bağlı işlevsellik anlayışı, gelişme gösteren süreçlere bağlı olarak devamlılık kazanmıştır. Aynı zamanda Türkiye'de etkinliği artırma, Türkiye'nin gelişmesini sağlama ve bu durumu da öncelikli olarak demokratikleşme eğilimli çalışmalar ile gerçekleştirme süreci önemli bir pozisyon şeklinde değerlendirilmiştir. Özal'ın bu yönde çalışmalara eğilim göstermesi, yeni-sağ yaklaşımının bir ürünü şeklinde ifade edilebilmektedir. ; The developments towards the concept of modernization, which began in the 17th century, continued with the 18th and 19th centuries. Developments in the world in general have also affected the Ottoman Empire, and in particular the army has developed studies that tend to reflect the strength of the West. In the Ottoman Empire this situation was evaluated effectively together with the Tanzimat Period and reflected an effective mechanism in the next period. In Turkey, the development of efforts to modernize with the establishment of the Republic, has been primarily covers developments over the people under the name of modernization. Among the factors that are evident in this case are the removal of the people from the tradition and, in particular, the inclination to distance themselves from religion. Among the elements that are not endorsed by the public and which are encountered with reaction, the situation of the elimination of the phenomenon of conservatism carries a serious problem. Elements for thought among conservative sectors showing improvement with insights gained an important position in Turkey Özal period. Without developing this understanding, Özal was among the studies that examined and developed the phenomenon of liberalism and conservatism at a significant level. It can be stated that when the reflectors of liberalism and conservatism are evaluated together with Özal's new-right approach, these understandings are effective in showing the political life structure. At the same time, when the development of the expressed understandings is provided, the policy of aiming at economic development on the economic basis and the policy of external relations are important. Within the understanding of Özal, the concept of democratic understanding includes three important concepts of freedom and freedom of thought, freedom of thought and expression, freedom of religion and freedom of conscience, and defense of trends in entrepreneurship in economic understanding. On the other hand Özal in Turkey, in the new-right approach, evaluating different ways of understanding that are involved in the West, is the coverage of the different processes work. Among the most important factors in understanding Ozal, Turkey is in a prime position to provide transport and the situation in other countries is also important to work towards the realization of membership in places such as the European Economic Community. In this context, the evaluation of Turgut Özal's understanding of liberalism and conservatism was carried out within the framework of the research. The political life that has been continuing in this direction has been affected by various processes. Along with the literature review carried out within the scope of the research, understanding of functionality linked to foreign politics has gained continuity depending on the developing processes. At the same time raising activities in Turkey, Turkey's development and ensure that this situation also inclined to work primarily in the process of achieving democratization is rated important position. Ozal's tendency to work in this direction can be expressed as a product of a new-right approach.
History is one of the most important school disciplines. Politicians and intellectuals have appealed to history to motivate their actions. They promoted the ideas of liberalism and modernization of the state. This was possible only by creating a political ideology. History has taken a leading role in the more ideologies. We wrote in this study about the creation and evolution of history that science and school disciplines. History was born in ancient Athens. The first historian was Herodotus. He told the public in Agora about the heroic deeds of their ancestors. Success of stories was ensured by combining historical facts with literary talent. Those present received the new literary genre with a great enthusiasm, because they identified themselves with the glorious deeds of their ancestors. The new genre also had a muse, and historians had to be inspired by it – the Clio muse. Historian must investigate the past, gather information. He is transforming into a detective of the past. Thucidides will be the one who will transform history. His story is moralizing. He criticizes more of the qualities of the Greeks, contemporary with him. That was the reason why the Peloponnesian War work written by Thucidides liked less to the Greeks and became less well known. The important role of the oratorio for capitalizing on history was emphasized by Cicero: By what other voice, too, than that of the orator, is history, the witness of time, the light of truth, the life of memory, the directress of life, the herald of antiquity, committed to immortality? The Romanian historiography reached its peak through the works of Tacitus. The sine ira et studio expression became the standard of historical work. History had the greatest success in the modern age when the nations were formed. Political ideology needed history to formulate ideological doctrines. This was the time when history was enslaved by the politic. Assuming of history has reduced the interest in discipline, but she can recover the busy place before. The principles ...
The subject of the study is the policy of the Russian Federation to manage the scientific potential of higher education. The purpose of this article is to identify and characterize the trends in modern public policy in this area. As a basic method of research, a system-dynamic approach to policy research is used that involves the allocation of spatial, temporal and technological components. At the same time, the author focuses on the temporary component of the state policy for managing the scientific potential of higher education, which is revealed through the characterization of various stages of its life cycle. Primary data were obtained as a result of an in-depth expert questionnaire, as well as a focus group interview.The main theoretical result of the study is to substantiate the category "life cycle of public policy", covering such major stages as its formation, implementation and evaluation. It is proved that each stage corresponds to a certain type of assessment of the scientific potential of higher education: factor, performance and final. The article gives an original approach to the research of the life cycle of the state policy on management of the scientific potential of the higher school, the interrelation of its stages and stages of the life cycle of the most scientific potential of the higher school is grounded.The main empirical result of the study is the identification of the main risks in the processes under consideration and an analysis of the specific influences of various public and political organizations on their formation. The practical significance of the results obtained is conditioned by the possibility of their use in the development of the concept of state policy for the development of university science. ; Предметом исследования выступает политика Российской Федерации по управлению научным потенциалом высшей школы. Целью настоящей статьи является выявление и характеристика тенденций современной государственной политики в указанной сфере. В качестве базового метода исследования используется системно-динамический подход к изучению политики, предполагающий выделение пространственного, временного и технологического ее компонентов. При этом основное внимание в рамках настоящей статьи автор уделяет временному компоненту государственной политики по управлению научным потенциалом высшей школы, раскрываемому через характеристику различных стадий ее жизненного цикла. Первичные данные получены в результате заочного экспертного анкетирования, а также фокус-группового интервью.Основной теоретический результат проведенного исследования заключается в обосновании категории «жизненный цикл государственной политики», охватывающий такие главные стадии, как ее формирование, реализация и оценка. Доказано, что каждой из стадий соответствует определенный тип оценки научного потенциала высшей школы: факторная, результативная и итоговая. В статье приводится оригинальный подход к исследованию жизненного цикла государственной политики по управлению научным потенциалом высшей школы, обосновывается взаимосвязь его стадий и стадий жизненного цикла самого научного потенциала высшей школы.Основным эмпирическим результатом исследования является выявление основных рисков в рассматриваемых процессах и анализ особенностей влияния различных общественных и политических организаций на их формирование. Практическая значимость полученных результатов обусловлена возможностью их использования при разработке концепции государственной политики по развитию университетской науки.
There has been much scholarly attention given to the role of women in the labor market throughout the years. While there are plenty of evaluations of ideas and perspectives regarding work-life concepts, there is limited understanding regarding the theoretical foundation of work-life concerns specifically about mothers. This study aims to provide an overview of theories used to investigate the work-life issues of working mothers. The data were collected from the Web of Science database. A total of 63 research studies examining the work-life challenges faced by employed women were evaluated based on theoretical frameworks. It was seen that identity theory and gender perspective are dominant perspectives in the current literature. In addition, the prevailing work-life perspectives adopted in the studies are work-life balance and work-life conflict. The study offers a detailed examination of the various theoretical perspectives employed in understanding the work-life difficulties encountered by employed mothers.
Актуальность поставленной проблемы обусловлена обострением ситуации в области воспитания подрастающего поколения гогласно традициям народной педагогики. Проведен обзорный анализ научных исследований по темам диссертаций по этнопедагогике в Республике Саха (Якутия) за последние 30-40 лет, что позволило совершить их структурирование по трем субстанционарным сущностям Кут человека: труды по физическому и трудовому воспитанию, подвижным играм детей, направленные на укрепление Буор кут подрастающих поколений; труды нравственно-эстетического, социального плана, нацеленные на развитие Салгын кут воспитуемых; труды по духовно-интеллектуальному раскрытию детей, предусматривающие их творческую самореализацию Ийэ кут. Выделены основные направления практико-ориентированных изысканий в республике (передовой педагогический опыт, имеющиеся школы, традиции и инновации и т. п.). Выводы по результатам проведенного обзора соотнесены с этнопедагогическими идеями академика Г. Н. Волкова, внесшего неоценимый вклад в этнопедагогизацию якутской науки и образования. Этнопедагогические исследования и их практическое внедрение необходимо соизмерять с принципом «ребенок в культуре и культура в ребенке», это выводит на первый план междисциплинарные исследования. Г. Н. Волков к концу своей научной жизни определенно склонялся к такому пути, выделяя специфические культурологические понятия. The relevance of the investigated problem is due to the aggravation of the situation in the field of education of the younger generation in the tradition of ethnopedagogics. The author made a review analysis of scientific research works on ethnopedagogy in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the recent 30-40 years, which made it possible to structure them according three substances of Kut person: the works on physical and labor education, outdoor games aimed at strengthening the Buor Kut of the younger generations; the works on the moral, aesthetic, and social aspects aimed at the development of Salgyn Kut; the works on the disclosure of the spiritual and intellectual talent of children aimed at the creative self-realization of Iye Kut. The main areas of practice-oriented works (best practices, existing schools, traditions and innovations) in the Republic are identified. The conclusions of the review are correlated with the ethno-pedagogical ideas of academician G. N. Volkov, who made an invaluable contribution to the ethnopedagogization of Yakut science and education. Ethnopedagogical research works and their practical implementation should be measured with the principle which states "the child in culture and culture in the child". This brings interdisciplinary research to the fore. By the end of his scientific life,G. N. Volkov was inclined to this path. He clearly distinguished specific cultural concepts.
The article deals with the methodological problems of transformation processes in political science in the late XIX-th-early XX centuries and in the period between the two world wars. The author reveals the causes and origins of the crisis phenomena in political science due to the new political realities in the world and new trends in the political science development. The process of modern political science formation is analyzed in its gradual development (formal-legal, traditional, behavioral and post-behavioral). The special role of the Chicago revolution in political science, which created the environment and the ground for the emergence of the "behavioral" revolution, is revealed. The main program provisions of the "behavioral" revolution are indicated, its results, the main vectors of political science development in the post-behavioral era are revealed.The role of structural functionalism (G. Almond and his school) in the formation of modern political science is revealed. The article deals with the interaction of political science with related social disciplines, which led to the emergence of some hybrid disciplines of political knowledge, including political sociology and political management. The content of the hybridization concept is revealed. The role of sociology in this process as the "main donor" of political science in the considered era is revealed. Object-subject areas of political sociology and political management, their place and role in the mechanism of socio-political systems functioning in the subject field of political science are defined. Generalizing conclusions are made. ; В статье рассматриваются методологические проблемы трансформационных процессов в политической науке в конце XIX — начале ХХ столетий и в период между двумя мировыми войнами. Раскрываются причины и истоки зарождения кризисных явлений в политической науке, обусловленные новыми политическими реалиями, сложившимися в мире, и новыми тенденциями в развитии самой политической науки. Процесс становления современной политической науки анализируется в ее поэтапном развитии (формально-правовом, традиционном, поведенческом и пост-поведенческом). Раскрыта особая роль "чикагской революции" в политологии, создавшей среду и почву для возникновения "поведенческой" революции. Обозначены основные программные положения "поведенческой" революции, выявлены ее результаты, основные векторы развития политической науки в пост-поведенческую эпоху.Раскрыта роль структурного функционализма (Г. Алмонд и его школа) в формировании современной политической науки. Рассматривается взаимодействие политической науки со смежными социальными дисциплинами, приведшее к появлению целого ряда гибридных дисциплин политического знания, в том числе политической социологии и политического менеджмента. Раскрыто содержание понятия "гибридизация". Выявлена роль социологии в этом процессе как "главного донора" политической науки в рассматриваемую эпоху. Определены объектно-предметные области политической социологии и политического менеджмента, их место и роль в механизме функционирования социально-политических систем, в предметном поле политической науки. Сделаны обобщающие выводы.
