Search results

The article presents a theoretical analysis of modern theories of wisdom, considers the formation and essence of the concept of wisdom in psychology. At the end of the twentieth century, the interest of psychologists in the subject of wisdom began to grow. Wisdom as a concept is integral to any society, culture and time, it reveals those qualities of personality that help a person to be realized. The concept of wisdom requires theoretical justification and empirical research. In general, there are two main concepts of wisdom: one affirms the affective qualities more or less with the cognitive, inherent in man; the other focuses precisely on cognitive and reflexive abilities, ignoring emotional life. This typification has proved itself in several planes. In the history of philosophy, the understanding of wisdom had both an affective and a cognitive character, represented by East and West. Empirical studies of implicit concepts of wisdom conducted in recent years indicate the variability of perception of wisdom. In the East, the concept of wisdom is less analytical and more psychological than in the West, which requires an understanding not only of the intellectual, but also of the sensual (emotions, intuition, etc.). Cross-cultural empirical studies confirm the general difference in the perception of wisdom in different cultures. The influence of age on the manifestations of wisdom in humans should be noted separately. Research has shown that age negatively affects the intellectual component of wisdom, but is neutral to procedural knowledge. On the one hand, with age a person acquires experience that can interpret and extract new procedural knowledge from him. On the other hand, the fact that a person has life experience does not determine a person's qualitative interpretation of what happened to him. The age factor cannot be decisive in becoming wise.

The literature review on the development of physical education in European Union had been conducted in the article. The author used four directions to review the literature. In order to develop Direction 1 (theoretical background to research in physical education concepts in the EU countries), a number of sources in the field of comparative pedagogical researches have been analyzed. In order to develop Direction 2 (roots and developments of physical education in the EU countries), mostly have been used historial pedagogical and philosophical researches. In order to develop Direction 3 (practical applications of the physical educa-tion concepts in the EU countries), a number of modern sources and applied researches findings have been considered. In order to develop Direction 4 (current situation in the physical training education in the EU countries), the author has analyzed a range of researches (normative documents of the European Commission, OECD analytical materials etc.).

The literature review on the development of physical education in European Union had been conducted in the article. The author used four directions to review the literature. In order to develop Direction 1 (theoretical background to research in physical education concepts in the EU countries), a number of sources in the field of comparative pedagogical researches have been analyzed. In order to develop Direction 2 (roots and developments of physical education in the EU countries), mostly have been used historial pedagogical and philosophical researches. In order to develop Direction 3 (practical applications of the physical educa-tion concepts in the EU countries), a number of modern sources and applied researches findings have been considered. In order to develop Direction 4 (current situation in the physical training education in the EU countries), the author has analyzed a range of researches (normative documents of the European Commission, OECD analytical materials etc.).

The concept of sustainability in fashion, having been developed on the basis of ecodesign concepts, takes an important place in scientific research all over the world. The aim of study is to analize and summarise foreign scientific researches about sustainability in fashion. The results were achieved by using methods of sources analysis, which refer to different research fields, in the context of sustainable fashion and their further synthesis according to areas. The main directions of research in each area were identified and summarized in the conclusions. There were considered basic concept definitions – sustainable fashion and the principles of sustainable design, which are used in modern scientific works of foreign researchers. The analysis of foreign scientific sources in the context of sustainable fashion was provided in areas of: economics, marketing, management; sociology and psychology of consumer behavior; ecology; technologies based on the principles of sustainable design; design; aesthetics and art history; education; legislation; information technology. The scientific value of study. For the first time the systematization of foreign research in the context of sustainable fashion was carried out. The conclusions are given after the analysis of each area, underlining the main directions of foreign scientists` research. Conclusions. Researchers from all over the world pay attention to the issues of sustainable fashion and explore problems of the integration of sustainable fashion into everyday life. Sustainable fashion sets up new values that actualize the issues of aesthetics of sustainable fashion in the theory of art history and design practice. However, it should be noted that the analized scientific works concerning fashion design in the context of sustainable fashion, do not reveal aspects of design related to the creative process and aesthetic perception. Sustainable fashion needs changes of existing design tools in the context of sustainable design principles. Therefore, there is a need for ...

This article deals the problem of the early Ukrainian modern as very important epoch of Ukrainian and world literature. The solution to this problem is conducted in comparable contexts of European fin de siѐcle. The main idea this work is writers' roles and functions in literary process. In comparative contexts the literary canon as aesthetic phenomenon of a culture are analyzed. The historical, political, social, philosophical, psychological features or the epoch are observed. The separately problem this article is writers' and critic's gender positions. The literary phenomena are analyzed in ontological fields of epoch. It is important to identify areas in which it is appropriate to compare the Ukrainian modern tradition with the world. In the context of comparative studies, a method of scientific research of literary phenomena, processes, figures and works is proposed. In the article the focuses the scientific problem's of the epoch end XIX – beginning XX centyry in Ukrainian literature. The resourses of frontal approach for study difficult material such as movement cultural epoch with its main factors are analised. The main factors is: time borders of period, struggle / cooperation of literary generations, art directions and stules, all diverse creative individual and original individual style in its sense and influence by each writer. Must to analyse the social and cultural, political, religious, scientific, private and everyday constituent of the epoch. The main object of the research (in its historical and philological, philosophical, culture directions) must be creative by writers its need for to ceep integrity of the research. The educational and methodological perspective is pervasive in the article. The focus is on the possibilities of classroom work with students in such difficult to analyze dimensions as interethnic interactions of literary epochs, literary generations, stylistic trends, etc.

The review of the latest foreign literature on the issue of sex differences in ADHD carriers is presented. The analysis of theories on the causes of the prevalence of the disorder among boys and girls is presented, and minor sex differences are highlighted. Therefore, ADHD is more common among boys than among girls, which leads to arguments about the difference valid in the prevalence of the disorder among men and women. Also, many researchers have noticed certain differences in the symptoms and behaviour of girls compared to boys, both in childhood and adulthood.
Boys and girls with ADHD appear to be more similar than different, and usually the symptoms are not sex specific, but still there is a difference. In general, these differences are manifested in the fact that girls have problems with the emotional sphere and the predominant inattentive symptoms of ADHD, while boys have problems with the behavioural sphere and the predominant impulsive and hyperactive type of ADHD. Moreover, boys are more aggressive in behaviour than girls, although girls are more likely to manifest verbal aggression than their female peers, who do not have the disorder.
It has been found that the difference in the prevalence of the disorder among males and females can be described by the Cognitive Endophenotype Theory, which assumes the influence of generally accepted endophenotypes on the severity of ADHD, that means processing speed, inhibition and working memory. This theory does not preclude theories such as the Mean Difference Model and the Variance Difference Model, which state that men on the average have more severe symptoms than women, and thus the scale of the severity of the ADHD among boys is much wider than among women.

The article reveals the phenomenon of the phenomenon of mobbing as a kind of psychological violence in the group and personality relationships. Theoretical approaches to defining the phenomenon of mobbing and its forms. The main characteristics of mobbing were identified: negative actions by one or more persons towards the victim; systematic behavior in such behavior; a significant difference in the ratio of forces. It has been found that these actions can take many forms, but some guidelines remain. It has been found that harassers (harassers) use the following physical effects: punches, pushes, beats, captures and other types of physical coercion. In this form of violence, there are clear gender differences. Yes, boys are more likely than girls to use means of physical influence. Most often, both boys and girls use verbal influence. The article analyzes the international and domestic experience, as well as the known specific situations, which showed that the problem of mobbing is extremely difficult to overcome, as it gets public only in extreme manifestations, and in other cases is sufficiently hidden, such that is generally not made outside of a social group or collective. This is due to the stereotypical social attitudes about the unwillingness to disclose inside information and to accuse the victim of ill-treatment. Theoretical analysis has shown that the limit of manifestation of aggression of a collective to one of the students is depriving oneself of dignity, mental and physical health, creating negative moments with threat to the life of an individual, since life, health and right to honor are the highest values that are officially protected by the Constitution of Ukraine, the Declaration on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, various laws and codes. It was found that the relevant areas of research for the problem of mobbing are the prevention of its manifestation in different types of groups (labor, child, student, etc.), the search for effective forms of work with victims of harassment, subjects of mobbing, and the formation of a tolerant corporate culture.

Introduction. The epoch-making disturbing events took place in the XXth century, the world was marked by informatization and globalization – all these processes, to a greater or lesser extent, have been embodied in the memoirliterature of the writers of Ukrainian emigration. Purpose. To find out the historical preconditions for the creation of memoirs literatureby the Ukrainian writers of foreign countries, to reveal conceptual genre-style peculiarities in accordance with modern scientific methodologies. Results. The historical conditionality of the creation of memoirs is manifested in the general national context to disclose the truth to the subjective judgment of the narrator, which is expressed in the sum of ideas, estimates of historical events and facts, autonomous thought-making power of the masterof the word.The attention of memoirists is concentrated not only on the historical changes, milestones, turning-point processes of Ukraine of the XXth century, reflected in the biographies of the narrators, but also on spiritual stoicism, preservation of traditions, native word in the semi-ethnic environment as the basic precondition for recognition of the world of Ukrainian history itself, its culture, its continuous existence in the spiritual period of time, and thus expressing the historical significance of the Ukrainian nation in the universal and globalized spiritual context. In the memoir work, the individual way of the writer, the patriotic position in the process of self-realization, self-identification is evident. Originality. In the course of the research it is discovered that the writer is the bearer of progressive, democratic ideas, ideals of spiritual preservation and revival of the nation on the basis of the very cultural identity in the foreign-speaking state. Conclusions. Since in the nature of the memoirs «contains the synthesis of the two principles – the artistic and documentary» (M. Kotsiubynska), respectively, the artistic-documentary reflection in the historical-cultural continuum is combined with epistemological concepts and ontological basis of the profound, encyclopedic knowledge of the historical time space of Ukraine that extrapolates shown in memoirs facts and social phenomena for future processes. The memoir literature of the writers of the Ukrainian diaspora worked for the reader, forming the national consciousness in order to bring the independence of Ukrainian statehood closer.

In the article the analysis of scientific approaches to the historiography of the TOLERANCE concept, the phenomenon transformation understanding in the Europeancultural tradition is considered. The changes in the interpretation of tolerance from antiquity to the present are highlighted. The emergence of a cultural tolerancephenomenon and the adoption of this category in politics and legal practice are interpreted as one of the answers to the question of the possibilities of preventingconflicts. Historically, the phenomenon of TOLERANCE refers to the prohibition of religious discrimination, which was later supplemented by a ban on ethnic discrimination. Today, this term is used to denote a wide range of tolerant attitudes towards a social group or political party or ideas that many consider to be inappropriate; loyalty in the assessment of other people's behavior, readiness for understanding and cooperation in solving issues of interpersonal group and interethnic interaction. The effectiveness of tolerance depends on the type of dominant consciousness chosen by society: the mythological, religious, secular or scientific and public. The phenomenon of tolerance is organically linked with the communicative processes of interpersonal interaction.The article deals with the phenomenon of TOLERANCE and the variety of its definitions contained in scientific research. Today, the issue of tolerance becomes particularly relevant as it requires the search for strategies for thinking and activities that would contribute to establishing a common opinion on contradictions based on mutual understanding, moral responsibility and respect for human rights. ; У статті на основі аналізу наукових підходів розглянуто історіографію феномену поняття "толерантність", трансформацію розуміння відповідного феномену у європейській культурній традиції. Висвітлено зміни в інтерпретації толерантності: від античності і до сьогодення. Поява феномену толерантності в культурі та затвердження цієї категорії в політиці та правових практиках трактується як одна з відповідей на питання можливостей запобігання конфліктам. В історичному плані феномен "толерантність" стосується заборони релігійної дискримінації, до якої пізніше додалася заборона на етнічну дискримінацію. Сьогодні цей термін використовується на позначення широкого кола терпимого ставлення до соціальної групи чи політичної партії або ідей, які багато хто вважає неприйнятними; лояльності в оцінці вчинків і поведінки інших людей, готовності до порозуміння й співпраці в розв'язанні питань міжособистісної групової та міжнаціональної взаємодії. Ефективність толерантності залежить від обраної суспільством форми домінантної свідомості: міфологічної, релігійної, секулярної або науково-громадської. Феномен толерантності органічно пов'язаний з комунікативними процесами міжособистісної взаємодії. У статті розглядаємо феномен "толерантність" та різноманітність його визначень, які містяться у наукових дослідженнях. На сьогодні проблема толерантності стає особливо актуальною, оскільки вона потребує пошуку таких стратегій мислення та діяльності, які б сприяли встановленню єдиної думки стосовно протиріч, основаної на взаєморозумінні, моральній відповідальності та повазі до прав людини.

The article provides a detailed structural, content, pragmatic, and stylistic examination of question-answer thematic entities (units) in Nobel lectures. A method of linguistic description and observation and a contextual-interpretation method are used in the research.The author has defined the compositional role of these units on the paragraph level demonstrating that they function as an attention-getter at the beginning, as a "springboard" for further discussion in the middle, and as a clincher in the final position. Four ways of their internal organization have been identified taking into consideration the correlation and order of questions and answers blocks; different types of questions are used. The study has distinguished seven rhetorical modes of content delivery, namely cause-effect, problem-solution, contrast-comparison, classification (division), process analysis, description, and exemplification. Typical syntactic stylistic devices have been also analysed and literature laureates masterfully combine various kinds of them to make their speeches colourful and persuasive. The approach to the linguistic material based on studying speakers' ethical strategies reveals that question-answer thematic entities are a widely-used method to build pathos (a rhetoric category) in the lecture. The potential of the discussed units to intensify lecture coherence and imply a dialogue with the audience is stressed. This article further develops the author's previous research in this field that was devoted to specifying the ways the image of a writer is rendered in Nobel lectures; moreover, close connection between the content of the lecture and the laureate's social, moral, professional, political, religious, and aesthetic values was proven.

The article provides a detailed structural, content, pragmatic, and stylistic examination of question-answer thematic entities (units) in Nobel lectures. A method of linguistic description and observation and a contextual-interpretation method are used in the research.The author has defined the compositional role of these units on the paragraph level demonstrating that they function as an attention-getter at the beginning, as a "springboard" for further discussion in the middle, and as a clincher in the final position. Four ways of their internal organization have been identified taking into consideration the correlation and order of questions and answers blocks; different types of questions are used. The study has distinguished seven rhetorical modes of content delivery, namely cause-effect, problem-solution, contrast-comparison, classification (division), process analysis, description, and exemplification. Typical syntactic stylistic devices have been also analysed and literature laureates masterfully combine various kinds of them to make their speeches colourful and persuasive. The approach to the linguistic material based on studying speakers' ethical strategies reveals that question-answer thematic entities are a widely-used method to build pathos (a rhetoric category) in the lecture. The potential of the discussed units to intensify lecture coherence and imply a dialogue with the audience is stressed. This article further develops the author's previous research in this field that was devoted to specifying the ways the image of a writer is rendered in Nobel lectures; moreover, close connection between the content of the lecture and the laureate's social, moral, professional, political, religious, and aesthetic values was proven.

Анотація. Однією з ключових проблем соціальної адаптації військовослужбовців та членів їх сімей є відсутність консенсусу щодо визначення, змісту та функцій цього процесу. Така ситуація вказує, з одного боку, на його складність та багатомірність, а з іншого – на наявність у суспільстві доволі відмінних уявлень щодо соціальної адаптації військовослужбовців. Безумовно, все це розмаїття думок знайшло своє відображення в науковій літературі з цієї проблеми. Дане дослідження присвячено аналізу поглядів сучасних вітчизняних та зарубіжних фахівців на зміст, функції та цілі процесу соціальної адаптації військовослужбовців. Спираючись на результати якісного аналізу наукових текстів визначено, що в українській літературі домінує уявлення про соціальну адаптацію військовослужбовців як процес їх пристосування до умов ринку праці. Водночас, констатується поступове урізноманітнення цих поглядів, що спричинене розширенням емпіричної бази, збільшенням кількості прикладних досліджень в цій сфері. Відзначається значно ширша тематика досліджень в зарубіжних, переважно англомовних, публікаціях, присвячених проблемі соціальної адаптації військовослужбовців. Особливо наголошується на змінах в уявленнях про цей процес, які спричинені соціальними, економічними, політичними, культурними, історичними тощо факторами. ; Abstract. A lack of consensus on definition, functions and final purposes of social adaptation of servicemen and their family members is one of the key problems of the process. On one hand, this situation suggests the complexity and multiplicity of the process, on the other hand, it reflects diversity of views on social adaptation of servicemen, which is present in society. Undoubtedly, the scientific literature on the problem echoes with this variety of thoughts. The article is devoted to analysis of the views of modern national and foreign authors on the content, functions, and aims of the process of social adaptation of servicemen. Twenty two preselected scientific papers, published after 2000, have been explored using qualitative text analysis. Relevance to the problem of social adaptation has been employed as a main selection criterion. The publications predominantly devoted to social psychological, psychological, medical etc. aspects of servicemen adaptation were deliberately excluded from the study. Interpretation of the data denotes adjustment of servicemen to the labor market conditions as a prevailing understanding of social adaptation in Ukrainian scientific literature. However, progressive diversification of the views, apparently caused by increased number of empirical studies, is evident. In respect to foreign, mainly English, scientific publications, significantly broader scope of definitions has been detected. Obviously, this reflects implication of wide range of theoretical approaches and concepts. Social adaptation is considered in a broader context of social, economic, political, historical, cultural, gender etc. factors. Special attention is paid to rethinking of the role of servicemen in the process of their social adaptation.

Анотація. Однією з ключових проблем соціальної адаптації військовослужбовців та членів їх сімей є відсутність консенсусу щодо визначення, змісту та функцій цього процесу. Така ситуація вказує, з одного боку, на його складність та багатомірність, а з іншого – на наявність у суспільстві доволі відмінних уявлень щодо соціальної адаптації військовослужбовців. Безумовно, все це розмаїття думок знайшло своє відображення в науковій літературі з цієї проблеми. Дане дослідження присвячено аналізу поглядів сучасних вітчизняних та зарубіжних фахівців на зміст, функції та цілі процесу соціальної адаптації військовослужбовців. Спираючись на результати якісного аналізу наукових текстів визначено, що в українській літературі домінує уявлення про соціальну адаптацію військовослужбовців як процес їх пристосування до умов ринку праці. Водночас, констатується поступове урізноманітнення цих поглядів, що спричинене розширенням емпіричної бази, збільшенням кількості прикладних досліджень в цій сфері. Відзначається значно ширша тематика досліджень в зарубіжних, переважно англомовних, публікаціях, присвячених проблемі соціальної адаптації військовослужбовців. Особливо наголошується на змінах в уявленнях про цей процес, які спричинені соціальними, економічними, політичними, культурними, історичними тощо факторами. ; Abstract. A lack of consensus on definition, functions and final purposes of social adaptation of servicemen and their family members is one of the key problems of the process. On one hand, this situation suggests the complexity and multiplicity of the process, on the other hand, it reflects diversity of views on social adaptation of servicemen, which is present in society. Undoubtedly, the scientific literature on the problem echoes with this variety of thoughts. The article is devoted to analysis of the views of modern national and foreign authors on the content, functions, and aims of the process of social adaptation of servicemen. Twenty two preselected scientific papers, published after 2000, have been explored using qualitative text analysis. Relevance to the problem of social adaptation has been employed as a main selection criterion. The publications predominantly devoted to social psychological, psychological, medical etc. aspects of servicemen adaptation were deliberately excluded from the study. Interpretation of the data denotes adjustment of servicemen to the labor market conditions as a prevailing understanding of social adaptation in Ukrainian scientific literature. However, progressive diversification of the views, apparently caused by increased number of empirical studies, is evident. In respect to foreign, mainly English, scientific publications, significantly broader scope of definitions has been detected. Obviously, this reflects implication of wide range of theoretical approaches and concepts. Social adaptation is considered in a broader context of social, economic, political, historical, cultural, gender etc. factors. Special attention is paid to rethinking of the role of servicemen in the process of their social adaptation.

In developing a transnational approach to queer studies, the alleged binary between post-Soviet ―East‖ and the so-called ―West‖ has troubled and challenged this emerging discourse. Theorizing queerness within a post-Soviet framework requires what sociologist Francesca Stella refers to as ―alternative epistemologies‖ that foreground the question of visibility: how can queerness be understood in places that have historically and ideologically emphasized sexual invisibility? Considering this question alongside Michel Foucault's discussion of a discursive practice of sexuality as a product of modernity and capitalism, a more evocative issue emerges: how can sexuality be understood in spaces that have historically eschewed capitalist ideology? Moreover, how are sexual practices, including the structures of family and community, complicated in the wake of repressive political systems? As a response to these questions, this article explores literature's capacity to facilitate new dialogues for understanding queerness within a post-Soviet context. By building on the concepts of kinship and belonging, literature and participates in the development of alternative epistemologies for understanding queerness within post-Soviet spaces.

The authors examine the modern concept of national elite Ukrainian scientific literature in terms of social status and social value approach. It is shown that the trunk area highlighting the role of the political elite in modern domestic research is value-based approach, ie understanding it as a social group, which aims to ensure the development of the state and welfare of its citizens. This coverage importance elite social status is a minor character. Estimates are results of modern national political elite is mostly negative.Keywords: national elite, political elite, elite classification. ; Автори розглядають сучасні концепції національної еліти в українській науковій літературі з точки зору соціально-статусного та соціально-ціннісного підходів. Показано, що магістральним напрямком висвітлення ролі політичної еліти в сучасних вітчизняних дослідженнях є ціннісний підхід, тобто її розуміння як соціальної групи, яка покликана забезпечувати розвиток держави та добробут її громадян. При цьому висвітлення значення соціального статусу еліти носить другорядний характер. Оцінки ж результатів діяльності сучасної вітчизняної політичної еліти є здебільшого негативними.Ключові слова: національна еліта, політична еліта, класифікація еліт.