This essay will link African women's writing to culture, including literary culture and the politics of literature. It describes how African women's literature can act as a mirror, reflecting African cultures to Africans, and how it can serve as a window and a door, revealing African cultures to those outside of them in whole or in part. It ends with a description of "communal agency," an example of how scholarly writing can act as a door for both those who are and are not a part of a literature's culture. ; Este ensayo vincula las obras de autoras africanas con la cultura, tomando en cuenta la cultura literaria y las políticas de la literatura. Describe cómo la literatura de mujeres africanas puede actuar como espejo que refleja a los africanos la diversidad de su cultura, y cómo puede servir de ventana y puerta: qué desvelan las culturas africanas, parcial o totalmente, ante los que viven fuera de estas. Termina con una descripción de "agencia comunitaria", un ejemplo de cómo los textos académicos pueden funcionar como puerta tanto para los que forman parte de la cultura literaria como para los que no son parte de ella.
Tras más de tres décadas de desarrollo de los estudios de Ciencia y Género, es necesario reflexionar acerca de los efectos de la crítica feminista de la ciencia sobre la práctica científica real. Los efectos de la presencia de mujeres científicas en algunas disciplinas, como la primatología, son citados a menudo como ejemplo del cambio de paradigma propiciado al aplicar modelos interpretativos alternativos. Pero no es menos cierto que las epistemologías feministas más radicales que defendían una ciencia alternativa feminista han ido perdiendo peso. El empirismo feminista y contextual de Helen Longino y la defensa de una ciencia responsable, sostenible y feminista de L. Schiebinger pueden configurar un programa alternativo más viable. Éste puede insertarse en el programa filosófico más amplio de la defensa de una ciencia democrática. ; After more than three decades of Science and Gender studies, it is necessary to think about the effects that feminist criticism of science has produced on scientific practice. The presence of scientific women in some disciplines, such as Primatology, is often mentioned as an example of the change of paradigm fostered by the employment of alternative interpretative models. But nonetheless, it is also truth that those most radical feminist epistemologies, which defended an alternative feminist science, have been losing strength. Helen Longino's feminist and contextual empiricism and L. Schiebinger's vindication of a responsible, sustainable and feminist science, can result into a more viable alternative program. This may be inserted into the wider philosophical program of defence of a democratic science.
This paper analyses public support for government spending on science and technology (S&T) and its determinants. It constructs hypotheses based on previous findings from two streams of research: public preferences for government spending and public understanding of science. Using data from a large national survey in Spain, it develops multivariate models to test the relevance of various predictors of public support for government spending on S&T. Findings identify several variables that are clear and consistent predictors of public support for government spending on science and technology: the respondent's educational level, interest and participation in science, knowledge of science, and positive values and views of science and technology. However, the effects of other variables also related with general attitudes toward science are less clearly associated with support for government spending on S&T. ; Peer reviewed
Das Internet gilt als globales und demokratisches Massenmedium, doch auch die Probleme, die es mit sich bringt, sind deutlich genug und immer wieder Gegenstand kritischer Reflexion. Für die Literatur und die Literaturwissenschaft lassen sich drei Möglichkeiten unterscheiden, das Internet als Medium zu nutzen: (1) Literatur im Netz, also literarische Texte, die im Internet veröffentlicht werden, separat oder in Literaturmagazinen; (2) Literaturrecherche im Netz, das sind Seiten, die Orientierung über Literatur anbieten; (3) das Netz als 'Literatur', das sind fiktionale Angebote, etwa literarische Texte im Hypertext. Der Beitrag diskutiert an Beispielen, wie diese Möglichkeiten ausgestaltet werden und welche Probleme durch die Nutzung entstehen können. ; The internet is regarded to be a global and democratic mass media, but there are also many problems, which are discussed widely and continuously. For literature and the study of literature we can identify three possible categories to use the internet for their specific purposes: (1) Literature on the internet, this means fictional texts published online, e.g. in special magazines; (2) research on literature: web pages for more and better orientation, e.g. on authors and fictional texts; (3) the internet as literature – e.g. hypertext as fiction. The article investigates examples of doing and researching German literature online. ; Internet es un medio de comunicación global y democrático, aunque lleva consigo problemas bastante claros y que, continuamente, son objeto de reflexión crítica. Existen tres posibilidades de utilizar Internet como medio de comunicación dentro del ámbito de la literatura y de la crítica literaria: 1. Literatura en la red, es decir, textos literarios que son publicados en línea, de modo independiente o en revistas especializadas. 2. Investigación sobre la literatura en la red, esto es, páginas que ofrecen orientación sobre literatura. 3. La red como 'literatura', es decir, por ejemplo, hipertexto como ficción. El artículo analiza ejemplos de cómo se configuran estas posibilidades y de qué problemas pueden surgir al acceder a literatura on-line.
Trash, a novel by Andy Mulligan, was banned from the Blue Peter Book Awards in 2010 given that its organizers determined some of its content was violent and inappropriate for the younger readers. The decision poses a constant issue: ¿is there an evil literature that conveys violence into its readers? Banning the novel entails and merges two tendencies (or gestures) in one: protecting childhood by preventing it from exposure to the dark zones of human society: protection by cancelation of reality. The dynamics of these awards let us see that infancy may be subject of consumption before subject of knowledge. ; Trash, novela del autor inglés Andy Mulligan, fue vetada de los Blue Peter Book Awards en el año 2010 debido a que sus organizadores determinaron que parte de su contenido era violento e inapropiado para sus audiencias más jóvenes. La decisión plantea una cuestión constante: ¿existe una perversa literatura que inocule en sus lectores la violencia? Vetar a la novela entraña y confunde dos tendencias (gestos) en una, proteger a la infancia impidiendo su exposición a zonas oscuras de la sociedad humana: protección por anulamiento de la realidad. La dinámica de estos premios deja ver que la infancia puede ser sujeto de consumo antes que de conocimiento.
Internet and World Wide Web were designed as research resources. It has been diverted society that this use was planned. Many aspects of our daily life, of which no less important are the media, have changed dramatically in the last twenty years. In a just act of reciprocity, it would be nice that science and research from obtaining advantage of these changes to its aims and procedures. In this paper we apply this thinking to science as a shared activity and emerging forms of research.
After the wars of independence in Latin America (1810-1821) the first attempt to articulate and write a literature project that supplemented the political process of emancipation was developed by the 19th century lettered men. That project was characterized by the use of the written word as an organizing and legislative principle designed to give cultural and political form to the recently emancipated nations of Latin America. There was; therefore, an inherent link between politics and aesthetics and the literary project of the 19th century proposed by the letter men. At the turn of the 19th century, the modernist writers postulated a new paradigm of literary representation. The new project was conceived as a depuration of the literary field from the insidious influence of political thought. Literature produced under the rubric of this new paradigm, exhibited tensions stemming from the desire to separate the political realm from the aesthetic realm. This paradigm shift is explored by the literary critic Julio Ramos whose work sheds light on the professionalization of the Latin American writer and its impact upon the writing of literature at the intersection of the 19th and 20th centuries in Latin America. In the European academy, a new perspective on aesthetics has been proposed by the Algerian French philosopher Jaques Rancière who using the works of Plato and Aristotle, examines the close relationship between aesthetics and politics in artistic production, specifically the origin and differences between mimetic and aesthetic art and their relation to the birth of politics. In this thesis, I explore the change in the literary representation from the organizational paradigm proposed by the 19th century lettered men to the highly aestheticized literary field proposed by the modernist of the early 20th century. My study will explore the relationship between those two paradigms and their intrinsic link to the political phenomena of that time. Finally, I reveal how the production of literature is crucial and historically linked to the current political transformations occurring in Latin American countries such as Venezuela and Colombia. In these social transformations, important aspects of the literature produced during the periods mentioned above are present; those aspects are: the concepts of equality, justice and the participation of the common people in the political and cultural transformation in their countries.
Este artículo es una versión actualizada del capítulo conclusivo de un libro dedicado a Raul Mordenti: Domenico Fiormonte y Paolo Sordi (2020), "Conclusioni. Testo-Politica-Computer: il trittico rivoluzionario di Raul Mordenti", in Domenico Fiormonte y Paolo Sordi (eds.), Letteratura e altre rivoluzioni. Scritti per Raul Mordenti. Roma: Bordeaux, pp. 264- 297. La traducción al español es de María Julia Vigliocco y Ernesto Priego. ; [Resumen] Raul Mordenti fue protagonista en Italia de una red científica, intelectual y política que ha atravesado, en conciencia y en acción, tres transformaciones epistémicas a caballo entre los siglos XX y XXI: la política, la de la universidad y de la investigación literaria y aquella que, en pocas palabras, podríamos definir como digital. Este texto resume la actualidad y la vitalidad de su reflexión intelectual y de su "imaginación científica" cuyo núcleo es la teoría de la práctica revolucionaria. En particular, la contribución descansa en un asunto de la revolución epistemológica de las ciencias humanas, cuyo centro gravita alrededor de las Humanidades Digitales que Mordenti contribuyó a fundar a finales de los años 80: el sentido del texto en un mundo colonizado por la digitalización. La sociedad algorítmica de las plataformas ha vuelto más manifiestas las interconexiones entre filología y crítica textual, tecnologías e intereses geopolíticos globales. Aplicaciones, medios sociales y algoritmos son hoy los editores de nuestra vida, promotores y patrones de un texto que asocia y une hechos, historias, palabras, personas: configuran una obra totalitaria frente a la cual se vuelve necesario llevar adelante una descolonización epistémica como punto de partida de una nueva revolución política, social y antropológica. ; [Abstract] Raul Mordenti is a prominent scientific, intellectual and political Italian figure who has lived and contributed to shape three epistemic transformations across the XX and XXI centuries: one political, one in education and literary research, and the last that we may define, for brevity, as digital. This paper summarizes the vitality of his intellectual reflections and his "scientific imagination" – the heart of which was the practical and theoretical idea of revolution. His contribution focuses in particular on the epistemological revolution in humanities, which gravitates around the field of digital humanities that Mordenti himself helped to found, trying to find the meaning of the text in a world colonized by digitalization. Algorithmic and platform societies have made the connections between philology and textual criticism, technologies and global geopolitical interests more evident: applications, media and algorithms have become the editors of our lives, promoters and masters of texts that group and connect facts, stories, words and people: a totalitarian body that requires a cognitive decolonization to catalyze a new political, social and anthropological revolution.
In this essay, I argue that great ideologies can be conceived and propagated only if the appropriate material conditions are present; therefore, they are not predictable. In this article, I highlight the sine qua non conditions for the emergence of ideologies such as gender perspective and feminism. I show how, with the development of capitalism, the political struggle gradually lost its class character and was largely oriented towards sexuality issues. From my perspective, there is a plausible justification for the gender perspective as opposed to what happens with feminism. ; En este ensayo argumento que las grandes ideologías pueden gestarse y propagarse solo si se dan las condiciones materiales apropiadas para ello. No son, por ello, predecibles. En este artículo intento poner de relieve las condiciones sine qua non para el surgimiento de ideologías como la de perspectiva de género y el feminismo. Muestro cómo, con el desarrollo del capitalismo, la lucha política fue paulatinamente perdiendo su cariz de clase y fue siendo orientada en gran medida hacia temas relacionados con la sexualidad. Desde mi perspectiva, hay una justificación plausible de la perspectiva de género en contraposición con lo que sucede con el feminismo.
In this essay, I argue that great ideologies can be conceived and propagated only if the appropriate material conditions are present; therefore, they are not predictable. In this article, I highlight the sine qua non conditions for the emergence of ideologies such as gender perspective and feminism. I show how, with the development of capitalism, the political struggle gradually lost its class character and was largely oriented towards sexuality issues. From my perspective, there is a plausible justification for the gender perspective as opposed to what happens with feminism. ; En este ensayo argumento que las grandes ideologías pueden gestarse y propagarse solo si se dan las condiciones materiales apropiadas para ello. No son, por ello, predecibles. En este artículo intento poner de relieve las condiciones sine qua non para el surgimiento de ideologías como la de perspectiva de género y el feminismo. Muestro cómo, con el desarrollo del capitalismo, la lucha política fue paulatinamente perdiendo su cariz de clase y fue siendo orientada en gran medida hacia temas relacionados con la sexualidad. Desde mi perspectiva, hay una justificación plausible de la perspectiva de género en contraposición con lo que sucede con el feminismo.
