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As a strategy to promote gender equality, gender mainstreaming has received considerable attention worldwide. The language of gender mainstreaming has been quickly adopted (True and Mintrom 2001), which is why, in the beginning, many hopes were pinned on this strategy. Scholars have shown that gender mainstreaming has triggered organizational and procedural changes within state bureaucracies, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations. Gender equality units have been established, new policy tools have been introduced, and new procedures have been created. But feminist scholars also have shown that, all these changes notwithstanding, gender mainstreaming has not proven to be successful in achieving gender equality (cf. True and Parisi 2013). More than 15 years after the adoption of the Beijing Platform for Action, there are serious problems in translating the commitment into action. This is, as many scholars argue, not only a result of institutional and political resistance to substantially changing gender relations, but also a matter of conceptual clarity (Daly 2005; Lombardo and Meier 2006; Meier and Celis 2011; Subrahmanian 2004).

AbstractThe concept of mainstreaming evaluation is defined, and the question of why mainstreaming is not more prevalent is addressed. A case of mainstreaming evaluation in a community hospice is presented, along with recommendations for moving organizations toward mainstreaming evaluation. This chapter and Sander's AEA presidential address (2002) provide a foundation for the discussions of mainstreaming evaluation.

AbstractStarting from the debate on democratic decline, this article introduces the concept of 'mainstreaming authoritarianism' in a bid to turn attention to the role and agency of traditional political actors in the process. The article summarises key findings of relevant studies on autocratisation and highlights issues with the many concepts employed to describe the problem. It moves on to define authoritarianism and suggests a turn towards practice‐based approaches. This facilitates the analysis of authoritarian discourses and practices of mainstream political actors in established democracies and helps bridge the gap between social psychology‐based and political science‐based classic conceptualisations of authoritarianism. Testing the hypothesis that authoritarianism has been mainstreamed, the author develops a comparative survey of the actions and practices of key political actors in Europe, concluding with a note on the importance of acknowledging this authoritarian turn, dealing with its consequences and focussing on the role of agency.

The consolidation of regionalism as a broad field of research attracting scholars across disciplines demands an inquiry on its scientific foundations. This inquiry should consider the object of research, the methods and the theories used. First, regionalism scholars lack a consensually agreed definition of their subject. Second, research focusses mainly in case studies, led by area specialists and comparative research is a rather occasional methodological occurrence. Finally, regionalism has not produced significant theoretical advances vis-à-vis neighbouring disciplines. In summary, regionalism contribution to knowledge is scarce and this paper suggests, instead, applying mainstream political science and international relations objects, methods and theories.

Content: 1 The Development of the Estonian Gender Policy Machinery 1.1 Initiation of Institutionalisation as a Result of International Commitments 1.2 Institutional Measures Facilitating EU Membership 1.3 Assessment of the Gender Equality Machinery 2 Conditions for Gender Mainstreaming in Estonia 2.1 Social Conditions 2.2 Administrative Conditions 3 Gender Mainstreaming Activities in the Estonian Public Administration 3.1 The Legal Foundations 3.2 Inter-ministerial Cooperation 3.3 Gender Mainstreaming Training 3.4 Knowledge Basis 3.5 Lack of Standards for data and Statistics 3.6 Non-adminsitrative Liaisons 4 Conclusion

This collection of papers presents ideas and research that helps to find a link between the retarded child's educational setting and the onset of delinquency. The first section presents the impacts of the judicial system on the mentally retarded offender, and researcher attempts to find a relationship between intelligence and delinquency.

"The traditional narrative of the civil rights movement has been that the more moderate demands of the mainstream movement, including Martin Luther King Jr., worked, but that the more "radical" demands of the Black Power movement derailed further success. Mainstreaming Black Power upends the traditional narrative by showing how Black Power Activists in New York, Atlanta, and Los Angeles during the 1960s through the 1970s navigated the nexus of public policies, black community organizations, elected officials, and liberal foundations. Tom Adam Davies unites local and national perspectives and reveals how the efforts of mainstream white politicians, institutions, and organizations engaged with Black Power ideology, and how they ultimately limited both the pace and extent of change."--Provided by publisher

This is a conference paper. ; The Integrated Water and Environmental Sanitation (IWES) Project is implemented in the Indian state of Jharkhand by the local government and seven NGOs. Funded by SIDA, and coordinated by UNICEF, the project promotes sanitation in rural East Singhbhum district. There is increasing acknowledgement that gender mainstreaming is essential if development projects are to address the strategic needs of women. In East Singhbhum, though, it has proved difficult to engage women in decision- making processes. Research was therefore undertaken to investigate local gender dynamics and their underlying causes, in the context of the sanitation element of the IWES Project. Fieldwork was carried out under UNICEF's Internship Scheme over a period of 3 months in 2001. The study areas included in three tribal villages (Bangora, Kuilisuta and Korashole) in Musabani Block, and two villages in Phulwarisarif Block, near Patna, where UNICEF is supporting development through Convergent Community Action (CCA). The research was greatly assisted by the NGOs SEEDS and IDF.

This is a conference paper. ; THE GENDER WATER Alliance (GWA) was established in June 2000, to promote gender mainstreaming (GM) as an integral part of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). GWA is an international network open to all organisations and individuals involved in IWRM and currently consists of 171 members from all over the world. It is hosted by a secretariat at the IRC-International Water and Sanitation Centre in the Netherlands and governed by a steering committee elected by the members. It is an Associate Programme of the Global Water Partnership (GWP) funded by governments of the Netherlands and United Kingdom. As a network the Alliance is working to achieve equity and equality amongst women and men, irrespective of age, colour, religion, culture, languages or income, in the use, management, and development of sustainable water resources. This is by advocating for equitable distribution of responsibilities, burdens and benefits. http://www.genderandwateralliance.org/ The GWA conducted a series of e-conferences (Jan-May 2002) and the Water Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) facilitated and consolidated the lessons learnt from these on behalf of the alliance.

This article identifies five key considerations for adopting and mainstreaming intersectionality: the language and concepts that are used; the complexities of difference and how to navigate this complexity; the choice of focusing on identities, categories, processes, and/or systems; the model that is used to explain and describe mutually constituted differences; and the principles that determine which interactions are analyzed. The author argues that in the process of mainstreaming intersectionality, it is crucial to frame it as a form of social critique so as to foreground its radical capacity to attend to and disrupt oppressive vehicles of power. Adapted from the source document.

PPIM UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, assisted by PUSKADIA-BUMA UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta has conducted a three year project (2004-2007) of mainstreaming pesantrens and madrasahs in Indonesia. The project initiative and execution were the result of cooperation between UIN Jakarta and the Royal Danish Embassy The project was intended to introduce contemporary, democratic civic values (democracy, civil society, religious pluralism, human rights, and gender equality) into pesantrens and madrasahs and to their leaders, and to initiate participatory and accountable management within these schools. The program was designed to eventually create an atmosphere in which the worldviews of Islamic educational institutions could change and adapt to the diversity and complexity of the modern world.DOI:10.15408/sdi.v14i3.553

The concept of gender mainstreaming has experienced an unexpected boom in the European Union and beyond since the United Nations World Conference of Women in Beijing in 1995. Starting from the evolution of gender mainstreaming, this book examines the extent to which gender mainstreaming can be regarded as an innovation and as an institution in a complex organisation like the European Commission. By ensuring that the effects on both genders of all policies and organisational processes are taken into account, gender mainstreaming seeks to bring what are often marginalised as ´women´s concerns´ into the mainstream of the analysis. Gender mainstreaming is often regarded as a paradigm shift compared to previous concepts of equal treatment and positive action programmes.