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During its 24 years of existence, the Lebanese Hezbollah has developed one of the most complex media machines in the Arab Islamic world. Examining the cognitive and sociological evolution of the four mass media officially affiliated to the movement, this article aims to reconstruct the social history of the party, focusing on the development of its action directories and its territorial inscription but also on the tensions inherent in its dual nature as both a confessional and transnational organisation. Adapted from the source document.

Regarding French political life, the term "presidentiable" usually refers to a potential presidential candidate with real chances to succeed; there is no juridical definition of it. A would-be president is one who is said to be one. The labeling inevitably involves the media. On the one hand, it is on the media scene that the would-be president assumes the role he covets & receives his peers' acknowledgement; on the other hand, journalists are not only the mirror of political life, they are also the actors of the labeling & the notion of "presidentiable" is partly constructed by them. Nevertheless, this power is not to be overrated: media recognize more than they create the would-be presidents; traditional political resources, such as political parties or government experience, must not be neglected. Adapted from the source document.

Literature and cinema are two distinct languages, irreducible. Their grammar, their vocabulary, syntax are radically different. Any image, let alone any series of images is necessarily, inevitably, "infidel" in text. In his film The Trial Orson Welles has appropriated the Kafka novel The Trial -- to recreate in his own words. The novel does not express a political message or doctrinaire, but rather a certain state of mind anti-authoritarian. We find, in another form, and other aesthetic means, this same spirit in the film. Adapted from the source document.

On May 29, 2005, the European Constitution Treaty submitted by referendum had been rejected by a majority of French voters. What does this opposition to the project of a European Constitution mean? How can it be explained? As after each vote, the interpretation of the results raises symbolic struggles amongst politicians, journalists, & experts. This research paper aims at analyzing the media coverage of this "no" vote, especially through the study of leading columns. It deals with ideological strategies as well as structural logics. It reflects on the impact of mass media on the public sphere. Adapted from the source document.

Taiwan's cinema is very much a reflection of the island's identity, & was for a long time closely linked to the ruling power. Its golden age was the "new wave" of the 1970s, when filmmakers played a role in reviving people's memories, far from the clich6s of official history. Films from this era won awards at major festivals, as well as plaudits from across the globe. Today, young filmmakers want to see renewal, but their efforts at breaking the mold of auteur cinema have yet to bear fruit. The muted response in both Taiwan & China to Ang Lee's latest film, Lust, Caution, which nonetheless won the Golden Lion at the Mostra Venice film festival, is symptomatic of the malaise. It is through other genres -- comedies & documentaries -- that Taiwanese cinema is showing signs of renewal. This is a type of cinema that addresses a generation in thrall to freedom & individualism, capable of shaking the moral values of their elders. Adapted from the source document.

Based on a constructivist view of the media, and by revisiting Michel Foucault's The History of Sexuality, Almira Ousmanova analyzes the articulation of the sexual question and the post-Soviet discourse in the media of Belarus. She demonstrates that by treating all those that oppose the existing power as sexual minorities represented as saddled with a contemptible sexuality, the official medias of Belarus contribute to a double objective. First, it discredits all difference in gender and sexuality, thus maintaining a status quo between the current power and the tradition value system. Second, it served to delegitimize all who express political difference; the image of the opposition as "pederast," and the "masculinity" of those in power plays its historic role on the eve of presidential elections. Adapted from the source document.