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Este é um ensaio teórico sobre a relevância do conceito de massa utilizado no contexto dos estudos de Comunicação. Há o reconhecimento da importância da mídia na formação de identidades, comportamentos e sociabilidades, a dinâmica vivida na esfera pública promovida por ela e nas relações entre diferentes práticas culturais. Nestes termos, o conceito de massa está completamente superado. Já deveria ter sido superado pouco depois de ter sido inventado. Logo após as primeiras pesquisas de Lasswell sobre as intenções de voto dos norte-americanos, descobriu-se uma teia complexa de fatores, em que eles votavam influenciados por inúmeras variáveis e, portanto, não eram uma massa homogênea, sem identidade, sem rosto. O fato é que, do ponto de vista científico, o conceito de massa, em termos analíticos, é completamente inoperável, é um muro opaco que esconde atributos fundamentais do público receptor das mensagens midiáticas e impede a compreensão dos complexos processos interativos que ocorrem entre eles.

This paper aims to assess the sociopolitical role of journalists through a conceptual approach linking media and democracy and through an analysis of the data resulting from an investigation of journalists' commitment to democracy that was conducted from the summer of 2008 to the spring of 2010. Our study is founded on the dichotomy between an active role for the media and an instrumental one in the face of the political system, and this dichotomy is applied to journalists. We believe that the media and journalists function as 'mediators' in liberal societies, that is, as individual or collective agents through whom explicit or implicit messages pass; these agents add a layer of signification by diverse methods, among which are the selection of news, the categorization of issues or the framing of individuals or events. Adapted from the source document.

In the fall of 2009, a wave of demonstrations by French farmers predominantly took the form of a milk strike. The destruction of a significant quantity of milk, spread over fields or dumped in slurry tanks, typified the strike and drew considerable media coverage. Beyond the sought-after effects of shock and attracting attention, such practices are in line with a long history of constructing a specific repertory of action within the agricultural world, observable over the three milk strikes of the last half-century. The forms of action deployed in 1964, 1972, and 2009 reflect the transformation of economic and union power relations and the necessity of taking actions of increasing visibility. The decisive importance of media access, television in particular, in implementing collective mobilizations leads us to highlight the changes that have taken place in systems of agricultural and farmer representation, and how they are used by professional and media actors. Adapted from the source document.