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The signing by forty-four nations at Bretton Woods, N.H., on July 22, 1944, of articles of agreement for the establishment of an International Monetary Fund marks the third stage in the process of setting up an organization which is intended to control international exchange operations after the war. The first stage was initiated by the publication by the British Treasury of Baron Keynes's scheme for an International Clearing Union concurrently with the publication by the United States Treasury of the draft outline of a plan for a United and Associated Nations Stabilization Fund prepared by Dr. Harry White. These were made available to the public on April 8, 1943. Subsequently in June of 1943 experts of the Canadian Government issued a third plan for an International Exchange Union. A revised edition of the American plan appeared July 10, 1943. As collateral to these proposals in October, 1943, the United States Treasury released a text entitled, "Guiding Principles for a Proposed United Nations Bank for Reconstruction and Development."All these schemes were at once subject to a critical examination by monetary experts in the United States, Great Britain, and Canada. Meanwhile negotiations were being carried on in Washington with a view to ironing out the differences revealed between the British and American point of view. Experts from other countries in time entered into these discussions. In the end by mutual concessions substantial agreement was reached upon the main points under consideration. With the putting forward in Washington on April 21, 1944, by the monetary experts and treasury technicians of thirty-four governments of a plan covering their tentative conclusions, the second stage was reached and the way cleared for a definite step forward to be attempted.

At a meeting in Accra, which took place from April 27 to 29, 1961, Presidents Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Sékou Touré of Guinea, and Modibo Keita of Mali signed a charter formally establishing a tripartite Union of African States. The charter came into effect upon its simultaneous publication on July 1 in the capitals of Ghana, Guinea, and Mali after the three heads of state had met at Bamako, Mali, on June 26 in order to examine the extent to which decisions reached at their April meeting in Accra had been implemented. The drafting of the charter evolved out of a decision announced by the three government leaders at Conakry, Guinea, on December 24, 1960, envisioning common diplomatic representation and the creation of committees to draw up arrangements for harmonizing economic and monetary policies.

713International Organization — Specialized Agencies — International Monetary Fund — Articles of Agreement of — Regulation of Currency and International Exchange — Recognition of Such Regulation by Other States — Treaty between Members of International Monetary Fund Establishing Capital Controls Permitted by Articles of Agreement of Fund — Recognition of Such Controls by Third Member.

Contending that empire is alive and well in the world's monetary systems, God and Money explores the theological-ethical implications of money as a social relation with others and to God. Wariboko argues that financial globalization requires a denationalized single global currency to institute a new structure of rule in our emerging global civilization and its common good

Hearings held Mar. 20-Oct. 30, 1959. ; Part 1. The American economy: problems and prospects.--Part 2. Historical and comparative rates of production, productivity, and prices.--Part 3. Historical and comparative rates of labor force, employment, and unemployment.--Part 4. The influence on prices of changes in the effective supply of money.--Part 5. International influence on the American economy.--Part 6A. The government's management of its monetary, fiscal, and debt operations.--Part 6B. The government's management of its monetary, fiscal, and debt operations.--Part 6C. The government's management of its monetary, fiscal, and debt operations. Answers to questions on monetary policy and debt management.--Part 7. The effects of monopolistic and quasimonopolistic practices.--Part 8. The effect of increases in wages, salaries, and the prices of personal services, together with union and professional practices upon prices, profits, production, and employment.--Part 9A-B. Constructive suggestions for reconciling and simultaneously obtaining the three objectives of maximum employment.--Part 10. Additional materials submitted for the record. [completing the record of Part 6]. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Economic Commission for Europe: The Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) held its twelfth (tenth anniversary) session in Geneva from April 29 to May 15, 1957 under the chairmanship of Dr. Oskar Lange. In addition to governmental representatives, the following intergovernmental or non-governmental organizations participated: the International Labor Organization(ILO), the International Monetary Fund, the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. The Executive Secretary of the Commission, Mr. Gunnar Myrdal, whose resignation was announced April 1, 1957, and who was to be succeeded by Mr. Sakari S. Tuomioja of Finland, gave the opening speech in which he voiced concern over the political split in Europe, urging, however, that there still existed a broad opportunity for constructive efforts toward international cooperation.