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From various surveys on the quality of public services shows that low public services in Indonesia, more affected due to poor quality of human resources officers. Therefore it is necessary to reform human resources through capacity building apparatus. With reference to the experience of three countries (Britain, Australia, New Zealand), then capacity building in Indonesia should be taken seriously by political commitment at both the macro and micro: (1) change in mindset of officials, (2) Capacity building of intellectual capital, ( 3) Capacity building of intellectual capital, (4) Capacity building of intellectual capital. Besides the focus on human resources, Capacity building also should be coupled with capacity building institutions

Today few people deny the existence of regional substate diplomacy (Criekemans 2010). But there is still no common agreement on a region's right to do so and, above all, on their scope of action. This question goes against what used to be the dominant approach in international relations, the state-centric approach that leads to the logic of speaking with one voice. Increasingly, a multilevel-governance approach has contested this state-centric view and proposes an alternative logic of multiple actors speaking with their voice, nuancing strongly the seminal distinction between "sovereignty-bound" and "sovereignty-free" actors (Rosenau 1990). From the 1970s, the world has seen the growing presence of sovereignty-free actors in international relations. Among these actors, non-central or, better, substate, governments of federal states have developed intensive foreign relations. These governments are using a range of techniques: from shaping the federal government's foreign policy to establishing themselves directly in the international arena (Blatter et al. 2008). For minority nation governments this is particularly a challenge, as they have to act internally – where they have developed full-fledged legislative powers within a multinational federation – and externally – where international and national laws are often still reluctant to recognise their right of action (Lejeune 2003). Yet some minority nations have thrived in developing their own international relations. Bavaria, Catalonia, Flanders, Quebec, Scotland and Wallonia are often seen as successful international players even if they are not fully sovereignty bound (Michelmann 2009; Criekemans 2010). The international actions of these minority nations have been characterised under the umbrella of "identity paradiplomacy" (Paquin 2003); that is, a willingness to use international relations to foster a nation-building process within a multinational state. This observation was particularly prevalent for minority nations strongly in competition with a federal government about their nationbuilding process, albeit for different reasons, namely Flanders, Quebec and Scotland (Paquin 2004). The case of Wallonia seems to fits less well into the identity paradiplomacy framework, which therefore raises the question of alternative roads to international relations. This is the core question of this chapter: is identity paradiplomacy the only way to go for minority nations? Quebec and Wallonia are both well known for their active foreign relations.

中國河南省鄧州市,被稱為世界鄧氏的發源地。鄧姓後人自五千年前開始便不斷外遷,至今分佈在世界各地的鄧氏總人口達七百餘萬。自二千年開始,位於鄧州市有"天下鄧氏第一陵"之稱的吾離陵園,成為鄧州市的重點發展項目之一,市政府積極向世界鄧氏宣傳鄧州和陵園保護建設,部分鄧氏後人也紛紛捐款支持。本論文探討跨地域網絡與文化遺產保護的關係,透過在三個鄧氏團體(鄧村、香港和多倫多)的田野考察,了解鄧氏後人對建立世界"鄧氏文化遺產"的看法。我將會探究為何鄧州政府和部分鄧氏後人投資巨款於陵墓建設上,而其他人則拒絶贊助?在全球化的環境下,政治、經濟、宗教、社會和文化因素如何推動或拒絶族氏文化遺產的建立?本論文的最終目的是探討跨地域網絡如何影響文化遺產管理,和不同利益團體對建立世界"鄧氏文化遺產"的解讀。 ; The Tang clan is said to have originated from Dengzhou City, Henan Province, China; members of the Tang clan began their migratory trek 5,000 years ago, and now they claim that there are 7 millions descendents all over the world. Since the 2000s, the Wuli Mausoleum - claimed to be the First Mausoleum of the Tang clan, has caught the attention of the Dengzhou government, which has since been promoting this to the Tangs across the world. The local government is eager to preserve the Mausoleum and a preservation plan has been announced; some Tang descendants have made substantial donations towards the project. This ethnographic study explores the nature of the transregional connections on heritage management and the meanings of building a global "Tang heritage" among three regional Tang groups, namely in Dengcun (Henan Province), Hong Kong and Toronto. This study addresses the following questions: Why are the local government and some Tangs willing to spend enormous sums of money on the conservation of the Mausoleum, while others refuse to do so? What are the socio-cultural, economic, political and religious factors facilitating the promotion or denial of the Tang heritage in today's globalized world? The ultimate goal of this research is to understand the politics and power dynamics among various stakeholders in the process of heritage management through a construction of transregional connections in post-Mao China. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Chan, Hiu Ling. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-153). ; Abstracts also in Chinese. ; List of Illustrations ; Abstract ; 摘要 ; Acknowledgement ...

The era of trade liberalisation for the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) began in December 2015 and brought about economic liberalisation in the Southeast Asian region. This era is competitive and the ASEAN member states (AMSs) almost do not have full power of sovereignty to govern their own economic national matters. In this globalised dependence era, the majority of states in the world have to adjust and adopt as well as adapt their national laws to internationalised rules of law. This trade liberation era also has forced companies and other business entities, including Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and Cooperatives in Indonesia to compete with each other in order to tap the benefits of international trade liberalisation. In this context, SMEs and Cooperatives in Indonesia need some kind of protection from the government that does not oppose international regulations on trade. While the number of SMEs and Cooperatives is 98 per cent, their contribution to Indonesian export is small, at only 19 per cent. They are weak in terms of capacity building and access to capital, information technology, global markets as well as integration with regional and global market chains. This research paper evaluates SMEs and Cooperatives in Indonesia in terms of facing AEC trade liberalisation, i.e., what has done and should be done by the authority is to give proper protection to the SMEs in Indonesia by focusing on the manufacturing SMEs as this sector has the best chance of boosting SMEs' export capacity and building the competitiveness of Indonesian SMEs in order to be equal with other SMEs in the ASEAN region.

The government of the South Kalimantan Province moved the provincial capital from Banjarmasin to Banjarbaru at the end of 2011. However, there has not been a clear decision as to what the government's old building will be used for. One thing is clear, the utilization has to be optimized by considering the local government regulations. The aim of the research is to examine the highest and the best alternatives of utilization that can be adopted for such an asset. Non-probability sampling method was used in the research to find the alternatives. The alternatives were analyzed by using the highest and the best use analysis as the relevance test instrument for each of them. After analyzing the alternatives, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) analysis was conducted to analyze the alternatives prior to determining their feasibility. Legal analysis, physical analysis, financial analysis, and the maximum productivity analysis were the stages conducted on the research based on highest and best use analysis. Based on the result of the research, the alternative which is feasible to do is that the building is used for other governmental or public purposes. Through the analysis, the alternative meets the criteria of the analysis as mentioned before with NPV Rp. 747,439,143 and BCR 1.024. Furthermore, according to 42.5 percent of the respondents, the building is best used for UPT offices and other institutions.

This paper describes the ineffectiveness of South Korea's confidence-building measures towards North Korea during the reign of Kim Dae Jung and Roh Moo Hyun through the sunshine policy. The previous studies on the sunshine policy only discussed the efforts made by the South Korean government through the sunshine policy and America's influence on the implementation in general. The studies are divided into three major categories namely: domestic politics, political economy, and regional studies, but none has discussed the causes of the ineffectiveness of the sunshine policy. By using confidence-building measures as an analytical framework, this paper will explain the variables in confidence-building measures that cause sunshine policies to be ineffective. The main argument of this paper is that there are 2 factors that cause the sunshine policy to be ineffective, namely the influence of America and the absence of political will from North Korea to achieve the goal of confidence-building measures through sunshine policy.

Lee, Chui Mei. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-185). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract ; 提要 --- p.vi ; Acknowledgement --- p.vii ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Urban Renewal and Heritage Conservation in Hong Kong --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.2 --- The Blue House Complex Revitalization Project --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Fieldsite Specification: Why the Blue House Complex in Hong Kong? --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Introduction of the Blue House Complex Community-led Conservation Movement --- p.16 ; Chapter Chpater 2 --- Literature Review --- p.18 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Construction of Heritage --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Uses of Heritage --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Community in Heritage Conservation --- p.26 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Politics in Heritage Conservation --- p.29 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Heritage Conservation in Hong Kong Urban Renewal --- p.36 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Objectives and Methodology --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Objectives --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Methodology --- p.40 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Ethical Concerns --- p.48 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Blue House Complex --- p.50 ; Chapter 4.1 --- History of Wan Chai --- p.51 ; Chapter 4.2 --- History of Stone Nullah Lane and the Blue House Complex --- p.53 ; Chapter 4.2.1 --- Stone Nullah Lane --- p.53 ; Chapter 4.2.2 --- History of the Blue House Complex --- p.56 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Architectural Features and Specific Lifestyles in the Blue House Complex --- p.59 ; Chapter 4.4 --- Lifestyle of Current Residents in the Blue House Complex --- p.60 ; Chapter 4.5 --- The Demographics of the Blue House Complex --- p.63 ; Chapter 4.6 --- Economic Structure of the Blue House Complex --- p.66 ; Chapter 4.7 --- Social Structure of the Blue House Complex --- p.70 ; Chapter 4.8 --- Cultural Significance of the Blue House Complex --- p.76 ; Chapter 4.9 --- Various Interpretations of the Blue House Complex --- p.78 ; Chapter 4.9.1 --- Interpretation of the Antiquities Advisory ...