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This introduction prefaces a special issue on the topic of feminist participatory methodologies in geography. Drawing upon the experiences of the contributors in developing new tools and methods to facilitate interaction with participants and working with groups that tend to be forgotten, subordinated and/or alienated, we argue for the methodological significance of instating a feminist perspective to participatory research. Although much theoretical debate has taken place among feminist and post-colonial scholars on unequal research relationships between 'researchers' and 'research subjects', the literature on how to operationalize greater equality remains quite limited. We attempt to fill this research gap by bringing together scholars working in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres in order to illuminate the multifaceted ways in which these methods can be used not only to debunk hierarchical research relationships, but also to produce new scientific insights with greater validity.

Offering a unique set of case studies that invites readers to question and reimagine the concept of community engagement, this collected work provides an overview and analysis of numerous, creative participatory research methods designed to improve well-being at both the individual and societal level. In a world where there are enormous differences in the wealth and health of people, it is increasingly recognized that sustainable peace requires both a broad---based public commitment to nonviolence combined with noticeable increments in the wellbeing of people who occupy the lowest socioeconomic strata of societies. This volume focuses on the latter-how to use qualitative research methods to improve well-being of research participants, and thus, the wider society. The participatory research examples described in these chapters are meant to encourage researchers, scholars, and practitioners to question assumed knowledge about community engagement research and practice, and to inspire social justice-oriented scholarship. The cases studies and methods portrayed are as varied as the situations and cultures in which they take place. In most of the case studies, the personal is linked to the political with a social justice imperative as participants from marginalized communities express an understanding of their own position within power hierarchies, deconstruct power relations, and experience a sense of agency. In other instances, the methods are no less participatory but the aim is more focused on inner and outer harmony, psychological wellbeing, conflict resolution and intergroup reconciliation. In all the cases studies, there is a strong emphasis on methods in which community members are at the center of efforts to promote social change. The methods described include group storytelling, community arts, asset mapping, dialogues, creative writing, embroidery, filmmaking, Photovoice, "writing back" to power, and other means of engaging in emancipatory praxis and promoting personal wellbeing. Taken together, the chapters illustrate creative ways in which community members, embedded in disadvantaged contexts, can engage in a dynamic process that stimulates individual and collective agency. Ultimately, this volume will provide readers with a deeper understanding of a wide range of creative, qualitative research methods, and will encourage establishment of an effective social justice agenda essential to human wellbeing and sustainable peace

Abstract
Transitional justice seeks to address legacies of violence around political transition from authoritarianism and armed conflict. It does so in ways driven by a global discourse that is prescriptive and often remote from the contexts in which it is articulated and the populations it claims to serve. Transitional justice is also embedded in teleological liberal approaches to transition, with a perceived endpoint of liberal democracy. Critical approaches to transitional justice have used qualitative methodologies to understand the agendas of those—notably victims of violence—that transitional justice foregrounds, and to demonstrate that transitional justice mechanisms often serve elite agendas, while minimizing the agency of socially excluded populations. An alternative, minimally explored route to victim engagement with such processes has been the mobilization of victims and victim organizations, an emancipatory approach that seeks to provide a space for victims to engage in transitional justice debates on their own terms. Here, a research engagement with a victims' organization through a Participatory Action Research modality is described in which researchers support victim engagement in peer research to catalyze a social movement of victims in post-conflict Nepal.

A análise custo-benefício, enquanto ferramenta económica de avaliação de projetos públicos ou privados, tem evoluído significativamente nos últimos 200 anos, acompanhando e seguindo quer os desenvolvimentos ao nível da ciência económica, nomeadamente Economia do Ambiente, quer os desenvolvimentos ao nível da análise de projetos e políticas públicas. Apesar das inúmeras e contínuas críticas que lhe são apontadas quer ao nível teórico-académico, quer político, quer socioeconómico, a análise custo-benefício tem-se mantido no centro de uma crescente cultura de avaliação económica dentro dos países da OCDE e tem inclusive ganho cada vez mais peso, nomeadamente ao nível da União Europeia. Nesta tese, fazemos uma análise histórica da evolução teórica e prática da análise custo-benefício, com particular interesse à sua utilização na análise de estratégias e medidas de adaptação às alterações climáticas, apresentando ferramentas e metodologias alternativas e culminando com uma proposta inovadora de uma análise benefício-custo participada, metodologia desenvolvida e testada no caso de estudo de Cascais no âmbito de um projeto europeu de investigação-ação. ; Cost-benefit analysis, as an economic evaluation tool of public or private projects, has evolved significantly in the last 200 years following the developments in terms of economics, namely Environmental Economic, and developments in project analysis and public policy evaluation. Despite numerous and ongoing criticisms both at a theoretical, academic level as well as at a socio-economic, political level, cost-benefit analysis has remained at the center of a growing culture of economic project appraisal within OECD countries and has even won increasing weight and political recognition, particularly in the European Union. In this thesis, we make a historical analysis of the theoretical evolution and practice of cost-benefit analysis, with particular interest in terms of its use in the analysis of strategies and measures for climate change adaptation, presenting alternative methodologies and tools for the economic appraisal of projects and culminating with an innovative proposal for a participatory benefit-cost analysis, a methodology developed and tested in the Cascais case study under an European action-research project.

Abstract
Calling for a "data revolution," the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seek to promote progress in matters related to planet, people, prosperity, peace, and partnerships (the "5Ps") by mobilizing an all-encompassing datafying system that heavily relies on quantification. As such, the SDGs serve as a unique window that showcases the most up-to-date materials, methods, and forms of expertise in datafying practices, while also incentivizing local and national appropriation, with all the difficulties this entails. The article looks at the policy dynamics around SDG localization and the role of participatory methodologies, especially citizen-generated data, in Brazil's engagement with the agenda. We depart from interviews conducted with various actors involved with SDG implementation, including civil society and public servants, and from engagement with the work conducted by one NGO specialized in citizen-generated data in the peripheries of Rio de Janeiro. Two important findings are highlighted: Localizing strategies, i.e., those that aim to take subnational contexts into account in the achievement of the SDGs, have been used to promote an agenda on rights and, in addition, there has been a strong focus on local narratives as central aspects of communicating scientific data, where progress on the SDGs is but one vehicle in the struggle against statistical invisibility and political exclusion. These findings lead us to argue for a politics of care that can change how we do global public policy.

Abstract
Three interconnected arguments are explored in this article. It begins by a reconsideration of community development, not from official and agency definitions but from what makes development real and satisfies not only physical needs, but also the spiritual as well as psychological. The second part looks at Theatre for Development (TFD) as a system of actualizing the participatory agenda so direly required, so often talked about and very consistently ignored in community development. I argue that TFD in its performative approach to discussing issues, forging alliances and community cohesion contributes to community development. In this instance, we witness TFD as a community art for instigating participation and change. I also talk about how in combination with other participatory methods, TFD can be empowering. This combination is what I call methodological conversation and the aesthetics that defines this conversation involves respect, dialogue, inclusion and flexibility. The case study section narrates the way in which this methodology has been applied in the turbulent environment of the Niger Delta in Nigeria. I argue that TFD, Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) and Questionnaire methods were the triumvirate of approaches that allowed us to understand issues and for communities to listen to us. The challenge remains how to define and develop an enduring relationship between researchers, community and government who may have the wherewithal for action.