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In Politics, one week can be a long time. The last couple of weeks in the Democratic Primary have dramatically changed the political landscape. Obama's "golden boy"image has suffered major setbacks and those asking for Hillary to quit now appear to have discovered a new "glow" surrounding her political persona.First there was that San Francisco speech in which Obama, with anthropological detachment, observed that he perfectly understood why people in mid-town America were "bitter" as their jobs "were being exported overseas" and as a consequence, were "clinging to their religion and their guns." This, together with other silly anecdotes during his campaign in Pennsylvania which purportedly showed a lack of connection with the common man (including his bad bowling scores, his discomfort in sitting around in a bar and sharing a beer with the locals, and his preference for arugula salad!), won him the label of elitist and out of touch with blue collar workers. These missteps were also well-exploited by Hillary Clinton, who in contrast with Obama, during the same campaigning route, portrayed herself as a "regular working gal", conquered the white blue-collar vote and did much better than expected in the wealthy Philadelphia suburbs. Thus, she won handily in Pennsylvania, and was able to extend the momentum gained in Ohio and Texas. Although it appears as a mathematical certainty that Obama will win the delegate count, she is still ahead in superdelegates, but, more importantly, Obama seems to be losing ground fast. If she wins Indiana and Obama gets North Carolina this coming Tuesday, the agony goes on.Bill Clinton is already talking about the popular vote (which Hillary is winning clearly if Florida votes count). That decision will most likely be made at the National Convention in August, if by then there is no declared winner.In the meantime, Obama has had to deal with the "Reverend problem", as Rev. Jeremiah Wright continued to damage his national image. When Barack denounced his anti-America sermons and declarations (the latest one being a claim that the US government had "invented the HIV virus as a means of genocide against people of color"), Wright replied that "he was a politician, and that is what politicians do," thus aiming at debunking the myth that Obama is a new type of leader, a Washington outsider. This led to Michelle Obama's appearances in CNN and NBC to try to damage control or, as she put it, to "define ourselves and not let other people define us." Her strong, intelligent and straightforward demeanor may have partially succeeded in restoring his image as a leader who is in it not for power but because he sincerely believes he can change the country; while she her certainty might have reassured followers, the Jeremiah Wright story will not go away so easily. How much this has hurt Obama's chances in the Primary still remains to be seen, but, more importantly, it may have inflicted a deadly wound to his national chances at the Presidency.Politics is a complex phenomenon and public opinion is fickle. Voters have little time to follow the vicissitudes of a campaign, to understand the nuances of ideas and policies, to make well-informed decisions on which candidate will better represent them. In fact, that is the main value of political parties: to help people make sense of politics. Their role is to offer clear and consistent policy positions so voters can make up their minds on which party better represents their values, needs and demands, to aggregate the vote and articulate voters interests. But they also must appeal to deeper feelings and emotions, and generate symbols of identification and allegiance, in order to mobilize people to participate.Several new phenomena are at play in this election and political strategists are bewildered by them. The first is the premise that we are beyond partisan politics and ideologies. This is Barack Obama's claim, that his style of "new politics" transcends ideological barriers and crosses over political parties. That there are no more "red states" and "blue states", just people with similar problems. That he can appeal to people everywhere and from all political convictions by focusing on their individual values, needs and demands. That the old divides, namely, Market versus State, Private versus Public, Rich versus Poor, White versus Black, don't apply anymore. He posits that those frameworks are the wrong questions to ask, he talks about the new politics of unity, and he reassures them that he will rule for all. And his historical example is Ronald Reagan, who won over to his side the "Reagan Democrats". Regardless of the fact that this is the wrong analogy (that could be the subject of a different article), the main problem is that perhaps at this point in time, post-ideological politics may not be good politics, and will not win the election. He concedes important ideological points that should instead be argued. This is what has given Hillary the momentum: she went back to basics, and is speaking to each group directly, stating her "bread and butter policies first" positions in clear, pragmatic terms. Her upbeat, clear-eyed mood is more appealing to many than his "egg-head", post-modern intellectual analysis. That is why he has the PhDs and she has the blue collar vote.The next problem that bemuses political thinkers is the fact that, at a time when Bush's approval ratings are the lowest in the history of Gallup (27% on job performance, 21% on the economy), John Mc Cain continues to run very close to his Democratic rivals (Obama leads him 46% to 43% and Clinton 45% to 44%). When voters are asked which party they would prefer to win the election, over 44 per cent say Democratic. Of Independents (one third of the electorate, which will have the decisive vote) two-to-one prefer Democrats. So why is John Mc Cain still doing so well? The answer can be found is his likability and his proven independence from the party in several instances during his Senate career. In an extremely skillful slalom motion, he has been able to first win back the conservative majority of the Republican party by supporting the troop surge in Iraq and gaining a bland Bush endorsement (no easy feat given his positions on immigration, campaign-finance reform and his criticism of the way the war in Iraq was executed, and then succeeded in moving away from Bush as fast as possible, visiting New Orleans and portraying himself as a caring protector of the poor.Although voters disagree with him on main issues, such as staying in Iraq for as long as it takes, they trust him, his sincerity, his patriotism and his values. His age does not appear to be a problem. But this dichotomy between lack of support for the party and favorable ratings for the candidate could be interpreted as another indication that parties are in demise. But the paradox here is that this decline in party allegiance is not for the post-modern reasons we have pointed out above (demise of ideologies of Left and Right, emergence of a range of post-material political issues such as the environment, consumer rights, and lifestyle choices). Instead, here we are confronted with an older type of politics, one that precededideologies, namely a more personalistic style of politics, based on primordial feelings about leaders who embody the Rousseauan will of the people. This is much more likely to be found in European "continental" and Latin American political cultures than in the Anglo-Saxon ones, where modern mass based representative parties were invented.If modern democracy in inconceivable without political parties, as Shattschneider and Schumpeter concluded, will charisma alone be enough to carry representative government forward? And, if the Primary goes his way, will the charisma of a Washington outsider and political dreamer trump the one of a down to earth Senator of Arizona? Will the issue of race play a role in the national election? Faced with the choice of a black candidate with admirable academic credentials but unproven political record running for the favorite party, and a white patriot representing a highly discredited party, who will Americans vote for? Political analysts and historians will have to wait at least until this November to sort all this out. Senior Lecturer, Department of Political Science and Geography Director, ODU Model United Nations Program Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia

The personality from the perspective of Leadership. Regardless of the biological factor of the leader, leadership has consequences for the success of any group or organization as well as the well-being of a certain number of people, therefore, specialists have studied leaders from different approaches, there are mainly four theories that support the personality from the perspective of leadership. Considering personality as a set of traits and qualities that shape the way of being of one person and distinguish it from another. On the one hand, it has the oldest theory based on personality traits , where it is claimed that the leaders were born with qualities and innate characteristics, where the leader should have charisma by a "divine gift" , courage, attractive physical, fine words, rich, the most sociable, intelligent, tall, etc. However, today it is known that leaders are not born with the predisposition to be, since several traits are not innate but are acquired through learning. On the other hand, there is a theory based on behavioral styles developed in the 1950s, which refers to the leader being usually of three leadership styles: the Democrat whose main characteristic is to allow everyone to participate; the autocrat which is based on having control for decision-making , considering the little participation of the group members, which is undoubtedly impressive and finally the Laissez faire which grants complete freedom to its employees offering little support and guidance from him. Unlike the approach of the personality traits of a leader, this theory refers how does the leader at work, without a doubt the leader has to make it in order to get the goal; but the ideal would also be to worry about the welfare of the group. The other theory is based on a study by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton, which they called "administrative Grid" this being a graphical representation of supervision. It is interpreted by interest in both production and people." It is classified in: country club administration, authoritative or task administration and administration halfway. The first emphasizes interest in employees, but little interest in production, so the second maintains great interest in production and efficiency, but little interest in employees and the latter represents an interest in both for production and for employees. Finally, we have the contingency theory, developed in the 90s and the situational theory established in the year 2000. Which state that personality traits are too simplistic and limited, since they ignore situational variables that cannot remain without importance. Fiedler says that effective groups depend on the correct fit between the leader's style with the followers and the extent to which the situation gives control and power to the leader. Given this, it can be noted that the characteristics of the followers must be taken into account by the leader before he chooses his suitable leadership style. Ideal leadership is best defined not in terms of the traits of his own personality, but in terms of his relationship with the group. ; La personalidad desde la perspectiva del Liderazgo. Independientemente del factor biológico del líder, el liderazgo tiene consecuencias para el éxito de cualquier grupo u organización así como el bienestar de un determinado número de personas, por consiguiente, especialistas han estudiado a los líderes desde diferentes enfoques, existen principalmente cuatro teorías que sustentan la personalidad desde la perspectiva del liderazgo. Considerando a la personalidad como un conjunto de rasgos y cualidades que configuran la manera de ser de una persona y la distinguen de otra. Por un lado, se tiene la teoría más antigua basada en los rasgos de la personalidad, donde esta aseguraba que los líderes nacían con cualidades o características innatas, donde el líder debería tener carisma por medio de un "don divino", valentía, atractivo físico, de finas palabras, rico, el más sociable, inteligente, alto, etc. Sin embargo, hoy en día se sabe que los líderes no nacen con la predisposición para serlo, puesto que varios rasgos no son innatos sino son adquiridos por medio del aprendizaje. Por otra parte se tiene la teoría basada en los estilos del comportamiento, desarrollada en los años cincuenta, esta hace referencia a que el líder suele ser de tres estilos de liderazgo: el demócrata cuya característica principal es la de permitir participación de todos; el autócrata el cual se basa en tener el control para la toma de decisiones, considerando la poco participación de los miembros del grupo, que sin lugar a duda es imponente y por último el Laissez faire el cual concede completa libertad a sus colaboradores ofreciendo escaso apoyo y orientación por parte de él. A diferencia del enfoque de los rasgos de la personalidad de un líder está teoría refiere a cómo actúa el líder en el trabajo, sin lugar a duda el líder tiene que lograr que se realice el trabajo para que se llegue a la meta; pero lo ideal sería también que se preocupe por el bienestar de su grupo. La otra teoría está basada en un estudio realizado por Robert Blake y Jane Mouton a la que llamaron "Rejilla administrativa" siendo esta una representación gráfica de la supervisión. Se interpreta por el interés tanto en la producción como por la gente". Se clasifica en: administración club campestre, administración autoritaria o por tarea y administración mitad del camino. La primera hace hincapié en el interés por los empleados, pero poco interés por la producción, así pues la segunda mantiene gran interés por la producción y la eficacia, pero poco interés por los empleados y la última representa un interés tanto por la producción como por los empleados. Por último, se tienen la teoría de contingencia, desarrollada en los años 90 y la teoría situacional establecida en el año 2000. Las cuales manifiestan que los rasgos de la personalidad son demasiados simplistas y limitadas, ya que estas ignoran variables situacionales que no pueden quedar sin importancia. Fiedler dice que los grupos eficaces dependen del ajuste correcto entre el estilo del líder con los seguidores y en la medida en que la situación le da control y poder al líder. Ante esto se puede señalar que las características de los seguidores deben ser tomadas en cuenta por el líder antes que este elija su estilo de liderazgo conveniente. El liderazgo ideal se define mejor no en términos de los rasgos de su propia personalidad, sino en términos de su relación con el grupo.

The article discusses the personality of a recidivist. The specifics of the influence of the criminal subculture on crime is investigated, its especially socially dangerous characteristics are revealed. The author of the proposed correction of legislative acts was the appointment of punishment, taking into account the personal qualities of the offender.

It is necessary for a clinical psychologist to determine adequately whether a person is structurally normal or abnormal. Such a diagnosis prejudges work with the person either in the penal system or in the health care one. Several hundred professional tests are successfully used in professional psychology and clinical medicine. It should be noted that most of them have been developed in clinical medicine and foreign psychiatric clinics. The article analyzes in detail the projective tests as a clinical method of psychodiagnostics. Rorschach test, Shondi test, M. Luscher color test, TAT method, and others are the most popular among the specialists. Their distinctive feature from questionnaires is that the obtained result processing is not quantitative, but qualitative. Patient diagnosis depends on the experience and value orientations of a clinical psychologist and psychiatrist. Scientific schools and the culture of various countries play a significant role in this. Although there are certain international criteria for the diagnosis of personality. They are based on DSM–IV diagnostic table. Its indicators are more intended for a psychiatrist and psychotherapist. The authors raise a very unequivocal problem of using personal questionnaires from a legal point of view. Foreign studies reveal the impact of clinicians on the criminal law system, as well as the impact of legislation on the psychiatric clinics system. In the late XX century, a complex forensic psychological and psychiatric examination (CSTI) appeared at the junction of the expert application of psychiatry and psychology. It is important to note that the objects of its research are persons with borderline neuropsychiatric disorders and character anomalies. A key aspect in the activities of professional psychologists and psychiatrists is studying the validity in diagnosis using a case of the «Picture of a Man»(RFC) test. The results of foreign studies have shown that the decisions that clinical psychologists make about their patients are nothing more than a projection of their preconceived opinions. Thus, when making a fateful decision for each individual person, in no case should one make mistakes. ; Клиническому психологу необходимо достаточно адекватно определить, является ли личность по своей структуре нормальной или аномальной. Подобный диагноз предрешает работу с данной личностью или в системе исполнения наказаний, или в системе здравоохранения. В профессиональной психологии и клинической медицине достаточно успешно используются несколько сотен профессиональных тестов. Необходимо отметить, что большинство из них были разработаны в клинической медицине и зарубежных психиатрических клиниках. В статье достаточно подробно анализируются проективные тесты как клинический метод психодиагностики. Среди специалистов наибольшую популярность получили тест Роршаха, тест Шонди, цветовой тест М. Люшера, методика ТАТ и др. Их отличительная особенность от опросников заключается в том, что обработка полученных результатов не количественная, а качественная. Диагностика пациента зависит от опыта и ценностных ориентаций клинического психолога и психиатра. Немалую роль в этом играют и научные школы, в том числе и культура различных стран. Хотя существуют определенные международные критерии диагностики личности. Они основаны на диагностической таблице DSM–IV. Ее показатели в большей мере предназначены для психиатра и психотерапевта. Поднимается весьма неоднозначная проблема применения личностных опросников с точки зрения права. Зарубежные исследования раскрывают влияние деятельности клиницистов на систему уголовного права, а также влияние законодательства на систему психиатрических клиник. В последней четверти XX в. на стыке экспертного приложения психиатрии и психологии возникла комплексная судебная психолого-психиатрическая экспертиза (КСППЭ). Важно отметить, что объектами ее исследования являются лица с пограничными нервно-психическими расстройствами и аномалиями характера. Ключевым аспектом в деятельности профессиональных психологов и психиатров выступает изучение валидности при диагностике, на при- мере теста «Рисунок человека» (ТРЧ). Результаты зарубежных исследований показали, что решения, которые принимают клинические психологи о своих пациентах, не что иное, как проекция их предвзятых мнений. В таком случае, при вынесении судьбоносного решения для каждого конкретного человека, ошибаться ни в коем случае нельзя.

Article is devoted to the analysis of factors and necessary conditions of formation of spiritually-moral world. Discusses adapting to the constitutive signs of spiritually-developed consciousness. Description of spiritually-moral situation of modernity and the origins of the fall of the spirit.

La personalidad humana ha sido definida desde diferentes perspectivas a través de una variedad de escalas de medida de rasgos de personalidad, las cuales exhiben una escasa relación entre el concepto y el rasgo en particular, además de variar en la interpretación de acuerdo a quien la aplique. Es por ello que se pretende plantear un modelo descriptivo desde la psicología de la personalidad. A partir de un modelo taxonómico referenciado a finales de los años 30 se denotaron ciertas variables establecidas dentro de diferentes categorías , tales como: el estado de ánimo; la forma de relacionarnos con el otro; el impacto que provocamos en los demás; el tipo de actividades en el que nos involucramos; entre otros. Lo anterior para definir el gran modelo de las cinco dimensiones de la personalidad humana (1,6). La psicología en la personalidad es una herramienta que permite entender las conexiones entre el individuo y el self con el mundo exterior. En psiquiatría ha permitido definir el concepto de humanidad y desde allí construir modelos de enfermedad mental (14). Es difícil encontrar estudios de cruce cultural sobre la personalidad, más bien son estudios realizados en poblaciones de cada país. Sin embargo, el asumir los procesos de personalidad como universales es su naturaleza social, por lo cual es difícil estandarizar su investigación (6). El presente reporte pretende describir ciertos rasgos de personalidad en Tintín, un personaje de ficción que emerge en un contexto social de importancia histórica. A través de este estudio de caso pretendemos mostrar los rasgos de personalidad en el personaje de Tintín que resultan de su contexto sociocultural, abriendo a una discusión entre la relación existente de la presencia de los rasgos de personalidad y el contexto social; así como relacionar la influencia de las interacciones sociales como base de la estructura de la personalidad. Exploramos la perspectiva del autor dentro de la era cultural en la que fue desarrollada la historieta. ; Personality has been defined by different perspectives with a variety of scales used to measure personality traits. Scales that exhibit poor concept-name relation to the traits and that varies according to each assessor´s scale interpretation. In order to demur this problem, a particular study integrates concepts through the introduction of a descriptive model from personality psychology. This taxonomy is referenced in late 30's until the reduction of several variables involved in different categories such as the internal state of people, the effects they have in others, the activities they engage in, etc. All this in order to determine the big five dimensions of human personality (1,6). Personality psychology has allowed to determine and help us understand the connection between the people, the self with the external world. In psychiatry it has helped to define what the human been is made of and from it to construct a model of human mental disorders (14). Normally there is no cross-cultural study in the publications, but more simply personality research conducted in different countries. What gives an assumption that personality processes are universal is its social nature. Hence, it would be daring to define a standardized research of human personality (6). The present paper pretends to describe some of Tintin's personality traits, which emerged during an important historical social context. Through this case study, the objective is to outline TinTin's personality traits developed in its particular sociocultural context opening a discussion about the relation between personality traits and the social context where they appear. At the same time to correlate the foundation of the personality's structure with the influence of social interactions. Finally exploring the author's perspective inside the cultural era in which Tintin was created.

The article is focused on the definition of legal personality of the President of Russia, in the aspect of the separation of powers. Scientific disputes about the place of the President of the Russian Federation in the system of separation of powers are considered, the concept of legal personality of the President of the Russian Federation is given, his powers are considered. It is concluded that the legal personality of the President of the Russian Federation is aimed at ensuring the legal personality of other subjects of legal relations. The need to guarantee the legal personality of all public authorities is manifested both in a sufficiently large amount of constitutional powers of the President of the Russian Federation, and in his close interaction with other public authorities, and first of all the Executive one. It is not so much the scope of authority as the end result that is important. Therefore, the President of the Russian Federation, acting as a special coordinator in the system of separation of powers, is constitutionally obliged to function within the limits that allow the state mechanism to function effectively. ; Статья посвящена исследованию особенностей правосубъектности Президента Российской Федерации в аспекте принципа разделения властей. Рассмотрены научные споры о месте Президента Российской Федерации в системе разделения властей, дано понятие его правосубъектности, рассмотрены его полномочия. Сделан вывод, что правосубъектность Президента Российской Федерации направлена на обеспечение правосубъектности иных субъектов правоотношений. Необходимость гаранта обеспечения правосубъектности всех органов государственной власти проявляется как в достаточно большом объеме конституционных полномочий Президента Российской Федерации, так и в тесном его взаимодействии с иными органами государственной власти, в первую очередь исполнительной. При этом значение имеет не столько объем полномочий, сколько общие результаты деятельности. В этой связи Президент России, выполняя функцию координатора в системе публичной власти, исходя из Конституции России, функционирует в тех пределах, которые обеспечивают нормальное функционирование государственного механизма в целом.

The aim set by the authors of this paper is to reveal the peculiarities of linguistic personality of one of the most authoritative state and political actors of our time - Angela Merkel. ; В статье рассматриваются особенности языковой личности канцлера Федеративной Республики Германия Ангелы Меркель.

This is an abridged version of the paper the author gave at the session of the Russian Intellectual Club at Moscow University of the Humanities on May 25, 2016. The topic of the session was "Personality development (vospitanie) in new generations: from strategy to action".The paper starts with explaining the conceptual approaches to personality development (vospitanie) of youth as formulated by the author and his colleagues at the Research Center (NITs) of Higher School of Komsomol, Moscow (subsequently renamed Institute of Youth, currently Moscow University for the Humanities). While at the NITs, the author worked on the draft version of the Youth Act, which in 1991 was subsumed into the Law of the USSR "On the general foundations of state youth policy in the USSR"), as well as in other drafts of legislation in the segment of youth policy. Public debates on this policy and its implications largely focused on the factor of vospitanie (personality development). Neglect of his factor led to the state completely abandoning vospitanie as an aspect of education. This can be seen in the example of the first post-Soviet law "On education" (1992), where education in Russia was formally defined as a "unified purpose-driven process comprising tuition and personality development (vospitanie)", but not a word more on the latter. Moreover, the vospitanie as a component was discontinued in schools, universities and all educational institutions, while the press and academia now talked of socialization and adaptation, not vospitanie.To counter this trend, in 1995 we at the NITs of the Institute of Youth, under the author's supervision have prepared an analytical report for the Cabinet of Ministers of the Russian Federation, which later evolved into the concept of bringing up what we termed 'viable generations'. After being reviewed at the Cabinet, the report was labelled 'aspersive' and banned from circulation.In 2010, work began on a new version of the Federal Law "On education in the Russian Federation. The author and his colleagues took an active part in public discussions of the bill. Suggested amendments were forwarded to the State Duma, the Council of Federation and to President of Russia Vladimir Putin. However, the provisions related to personality development were not included into the final version of the act. Debates continued during the readings of the Strategy of advancing personality development (vospitanie) in the Russian Federation for the period through 2025. The strategy was adopted in 2015 and provided a new impetus for educational work with children and the youth. However, unless a number of conceptual issues are resolved, implementing the agenda of the Strategy may be rather problematic. ; В статье представлены фрагменты выступления автора на заседании Русского интеллектуального клуба, которое состоялось в Московском гуманитарном университете 25 мая 2016 г. и было посвящено теме «Воспитание новых поколений: от стратегии к действию». Охарактеризована роль концептуальных подходов к проблеме воспитания молодежи, которые были сформированы автором в период работы Научно-исследовательского центра (НИЦ) при Высшей комсомольской школе, затем при Институте молодежи (ныне — Московский гуманитарный университет) над проектом закона о молодежи (на базе которого в 1991 г. был принят Закон СССР «Об общих началах государственной молодежной политики в СССР»), другими проектами нормативных правовых актов в сфере государственной молодежной политики. В общественной дискуссии о содержании этой политики большое значение придавалось фактору воспитания. Пренебрежение идеей воспитания привело к отходу государства от этого направления образовательной деятельности. Это, как показывает автор, сказалось и на тексте Закона РФ «Об образовании» (1992 г.), где образование определялось как «единый целенаправленный процесс воспитания и обучения», но в нормах закона о воспитании ничего не было сказано. Более того, из школ, вузов и всех учебных заведений воспитательная компонента была изъята. В прессе и научных публикациях стали говорить о социализации, об адаптации, понятие «воспитание» исчезло из научной и бытовой лексики.В противовес этому в 1995 г. в НИЦ при Институте молодежи, где автор был директором, под его научным руководством и активном авторском участии для Правительства РФ был подготовлен доклад о проблемах воспитания, а также предложена концепция воспитания жизнеспособных поколений. Доклад был рассмотрен Правительством РФ, охарактеризован как «очернительский» и запрещен к рассылке в регионы.В 2010 г. началась подготовка Федерального закона «Об образовании в Российской Федерации». Автор с коллегами активно участвовал в дискуссиях по поводу содержания этого закона, обращался со своими предложениями в Государственную Думу РФ, Совет Федерации РФ, к Президенту России В. В. Путину. Но правовые нормы, связанные с воспитанием, не были включены в текст закона. Участие в обсуждении продолжилось и в ходе рассмотрения проекта Стратегии развития воспитания в Российской Федерации на период до 2015 года. Стратегия, принятая в 2015 г., дала новый импульс для организации воспитательной работы с детьми и молодежью, но все же не решила многие концептуальные вопросы, без которых реализация намеченных мер может быть проблематичной.

В статье представлены результаты работы команды преподавателей и студентов факультета физико-математического образования, информатики и технологий Чувашского государственного педагогического университета им. И. Я. Яковлева по внедрению проектного обучения в вузе. Технология проектного обучения, ориентированная на развитие у студентов профессиональных и личностных навыков, а также умений решать сложные задачи в команде, рассматривается как важная часть организации учебного процесса. Такая технология помогает студентам критически мыслить, развивает у них навыки поиска информации и умение использовать ее в своих проектах. Среди особенностей технологии проектного обучения выделяются: самостоятельный выбор проекта; работа в команде; открытость процесса; ориентация на реальные проблемы (проекты, над которыми работают студенты, должны быть связаны с реальными проблемами и вызовами). Проходя весь путь реализации жизненного цикла образовательного проекта, студенты выступают инициаторами идей, в ходе которых пробуют себя в качестве помощника руководителя или участника команды. Однако для успешного проектного обучения необходимо правильно организовать этот процесс, создать подходящую образовательную среду и обеспечить необходимые ресурсы и поддержку. Автором выделяются ключевые аспекты и условия реализации технологии проектного обучения, ориентированные на творческую самореализацию личности студента. В статье приводятся практические аспекты и примеры успешной реализации технологии проектного обучения.
The article presents the result of the work of a team of teachers and students of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics Education, Computer Science and Technology of I. Yakovlev CHSPU associated with the introduction of project-based learning at the university. The technology of project-based learning that focuses on the development of students' professional and personal skills, as well as the ability to solve complex problems in a team, is considered an important part of the educational process organization. This technology helps students to think critically, develop their skills of information search and the ability to use it in their projects. Among the features of project-based learning technology are independent project selection; teamwork; openness of the process; orientation to real problems: projects that students are working on should be related to real problems and challenges. Going all the way through the implementation of the life cycle of an educational project, students initiate ideas, during which they try themselves as an assistant manager or a team member. However, for successful project-based learning, it is necessary to properly organize the process, create a suitable educational environment and provide the necessary resources and support. The author highlights the key aspects and conditions for the implementation of project-based learning technology, focused on the creative self-realization of the student's personality. The article presents practical aspects and examples of successful implementation of project-based learning technology.

В статье проведен лингвоаксиологический анализ дискурсивной личности телеведущей Ольги Скабеевой на материале программ телевизионного ток-шоу "60 минут". ; Based on the programs of the socio-political television talk show "60 Minutes" (editions 2017-2021), as well as on the viewers' feedback presented on the forums, a linguoaxiological analysis of the discursive personality of the TV anchorwoman Olga Skabeeva was conducted.

Российское радиовещание накопило значительный опыт в создании программ разных форматов и жанров, посвященных теме детства. При этом советские радиотексты, выпускаемые для взрослых и подчеркивающие аксиологическую основу педагогики, пока не нашли детального отражения в научных трудах. Сегодня в программные сетки крупных отечественных станций, таких как «Радио России», «Орфей», «Авторадио» и другие, интегрировано немалое количество программ, которые способствуют формированию гуманистически ориентированной личности, акцентируют внимание на самоценности детства, правах и достоинстве детей и других гуманистических идеалах. Обращение и рецепция опыта советского эфира могли бы совершенствовать современный подход к освещению вопросов педагогики, коммуникации взрослых и детей, что особенно актуально в рамках текущего Года семьи в Российской Федерации. В данной статье исследуются радиотексты советского времени, преимущественно транслировавшиеся во второй половине ХХ века, в том числе авторства Е. Аэурбах, Д, Кабалевского, И. Гамаюнова. Используя историко-культурный, сравнительный, исторический методы, метод контекстуального анализа, автор приходит к выводу, что конструирование образа ребенка в советском радиовещании происходило в том числе в парадигме гуманистических взглядов Я. Корчака, Д. Дьюи, Ф. Дольто, А. Швейцера. Радиопублицистами поднимались важнейшие и сегодня темы детского одиночества, семейного неблагополучия, социального сиротства. Диалог, игра, свобода творческого и личностного самовыражения рассматривались как основополагающие аксиологические аспекты в воспитании.
Russian radio broadcasting has accumulated significant experience in creating programs of various formats and genres dedicated to the topic of childhood. At the same time, Soviet radio texts produced for adults and emphasizing the axiological basis of pedagogy have not yet been reflected in detail in scientific works. Today, some programs are integrated into the program networks, such as "Radio Russia", "Orpheus", "Avtoradio" and others, which contribute to the formation of a humanistically oriented personality, focusing on the intrinsic value of childhood, the rights and dignity of children. The circulation and reception of the experience of the Soviet broadcasting could improve the modern approach to covering issues of pedagogy, communication between adults and children, which is especially important within the framework of the current Year of the Family in the Russian Federation. In this article, the author examines radio texts of the Soviet era, mainly broadcast in the second half of the 20th century, including those by E. Aeurbakh, D. Kabalevsky, I. Gamayunov. Using historical-cultural, comparative, historical methods, the method of contextual analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the formation of the image of a child in Soviet radio broadcasting took place, among other things, in the paradigm of the humanistic views of J. Korczak, D. Dewey, F. Dolto, A. Schweitzer. Radio journalists raised the most important topics of childhood loneliness, family troubles, and social orphanhood. Dialogue, play, freedom of creative and personal expression were considered as fundamental axiological aspects in education.

This article focuses on the role of personality in the case of Brexit, the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union on January 31, 2020. A decisive step in Brexit were the general elections on December 12, 2019, in which Boris Johnson, Conservative Prime Minister of the UK and advocate of Brexit, defeated Jeremy Corbyn, Leader of the Labour Party and 'neutral' about Brexit. Political psychology considers personality as a major factor in political developments. This article presents the results of an assessment of the personalities of Johnson and Corbyn, and it argues that the personality of these key players influenced the Brexit process. The analysis is based on the theory and methods of Immelman, Immelman & Steinberg, and Mastenbroek. Our findings suggest that Johnson's charismatic personality, his dominant leadership style, and his negotiating skills contributed to his electoral victory and to the realization of Brexit. Johnson profited from Corbyn's lack of personal charisma and from his undecisive and divisive leadership regarding Brexit.