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L'objectif du congres international sur la pensee de Gramsci, organise a Santiago du Chili en mai 1987, etait de rassembler les forces opposees au regime militaire autour de quelques themes majeurs de la doctrine du philosophe italien: le concept d'hegemonie, l'etude de la nature et des fonctions du parti politique, et la distinction entre guerre de "mouvement" et guerre de "position". Les intellectuels chiliens sont persuades de l'importance des idees de Gramsci dans le processus de democratisation au Chili

In a context of geo-political changes, the Arab and Islamic world re-discovers, as usual in moments of crisis, the social and economic thought of Ibn Khaldun and his concept of assabiya to analyse the challenges and the risks of the present times. There is, also, a significant attempt to found an autonomous and autochtonous way of political approach in order to attribute a local philosophical origin and intellectual paternity to the recent revolts in contrast with any "westernized" aspect or interpretation.

The article discusses the concept of value-based management adapted to the specificity of public cultural institutions. The adaptation process involves mainly the consideration of the advantages generated by cultural institutions and the application of a discount rate in social calculations. The presented concept makes it possible to assess the social rationale behind the activity of non-commercial cultural institutions. In order to explain the suggested solutions better, a numerical example illustrating the methodology covered in the paper has been used.