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In this paper I highlight two opposing models of the notion of divine revelation: the propositional and the radical. The propositional understanding of revelation was central to theology and philosophy until the 19th century. Since then, a number of other models of revelation have emerged. I define as radical the understanding of revelation which emphasizes two features of revelation: 1) God's existence is *per se* revelatory; 2) God's revelation is *per se* self-revelation. I propose too an assessment of the notion of propositional revelation as presented by Richard Swinburne. And I offer detailed analyses of two representatives of the early understanding of divine revelation as self-revelation: the views of Bernard Bolzano and Anton Günther. Bolzano, the renowned mathematician, was also a philosopher of religion; and Günther, one of the most ingenious writers in Austrian philosophy, was not only a theologian but also a philosopher comparable to the important figures of 19th century German thought.

I consider three conditions to explain the emergence of scientific philosophy in Austrian thought at the turn of the century, concentrating on Vienna & Graz as distinct centers of philosophical development: (1) An outlook that seeks philosophical truth in sound reasoning, combined with a commitment to developing & practicing a methodology that is not essentially dependent on any particular culture's literary-philosophical traditions; (2) The desire to transcend national boundaries in the pursuit of philosophical understanding, as manifested in international professional conferences, publications, & training of international students; & (3) Cultural infrastructure that sustains ambitious philosophical projects, including tangible assets like financial resources, established education institutions, & communication networks, but also less conspicuous elements, eg, a political environment of open inquiry, a relatively free press, community support for the enhancement of learning, & participation in an international language of science. 3 References. Adapted from the source document.

This paper describes the pioneering contribution made by Karl Koenig to the field of intellectual disability. Koenig was an Austrian émigré forced by virtue of his Jewish heritage to flee his homeland after the Anschluss. From a seed sown by Koenig in Scotland in 1940 has grown the worldwide Camphill Movement. The paper also seeks to identify and describe the essential elements of the Camphill philosophy and practice.

The article focuses on the philosophical aspect of the third part of the novel The Sleepwalkers (Die Schlaf-wandler, 1930–1932) by Austrian writer Hermann Broch (1886–1951). Broch's views were shaped by Aus-trian literary impressionism; in his youth, Broch was also much influenced by Otto Weininger, admired Karl Kraus and Sigmund Freud. In Broch's later works, researchers discover the legacies of Plato and Leibniz and claim that these philosophical schools were typical reference points for the Austrian thought. Analysis of literary works can help gain a better understanding of Austrian philosophy of the inter-war period. Not only do Broch's novels mirror the versatile spiritual life of that period but they also show the development of a whole range of philosophical ideas and concepts. The style and language of The Sleepwalkers reflect the experimentation with new modes of expression in art as well as the author's own attempts to create a new language and way of philosophizing in contrast to positivism. In the third part of the novel, Broch shows how difficult is the existence of a person who has lost their faith and the ability to comprehend com-plex metaphysical matters. The article outlines Broch's vision of the new tasks that literature is facing in the conditions of the moral crisis he describes. Broch was mostly interested in axiological issues, around which he builds his novel. He also includes in his text extended philosophical interludes about the role of religion in the development of value orientations of his contemporaries. A special emphasis in the article is made on the concept of Sachlichkeit — practicality, which is also discussed by Karl Jaspers in his book The Spiritual Condition of the Age (Die geistige Situation der Zeit, 1932).