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El objetivo de este artícues mostrar la relevancia que la filosofía de las ciencias sociales (FCS) tiene para la investigación que llevan a cabo las disciplinas sociales. Identifico qué obstáculos han impedido reconocer su importancia, al tiempo que sugiero algunas estrategias para revertirlos. Así, señalaré que, en el contexto local de las ciencias sociales, la comprensión parcial de los compromisos intelectuales de la filosofía de la ciencia (FC) ha constituido un primer obstáculo. Explicaré cómo puede corregirse esa visión parcial, señalando cuál es el valor de las preguntas de carácter filosófico y cómo complementan el trabajo epistemológico de las ciencias sociales. Un segundo obstáculo la condición de autosuficiencia que las propias ciencias sociales conciben con respecto a los debates epistemológicos de su trabajo. En la última parte expondré mediante tres ejemplos cómo la FCS hace aportaciones importantes sobre debates que son cruciales en las ciencias sociales contemporáneas: la causalidad social, el papel de la interpretación y la objetividad científica.

This text proposes a conception of Richard Rorty's philosophy from the distinction between systematic philosophy and edifying philosophy, proposing this distinction as a key to reading his neo-pragmatism and his political-ethical proposal of the 90s, whose consequence main will be his conception of liberal democracy, ironic citizen and post-philosophical culture.

The aim of article was to discuss the philosophy of private deterrence under Iraq's penal code. The methodology adopted was the inductive approach, which helps to extrapolate legal texts with this study and the jurisprudence of legal jurists. The Legislator applies to the threat with punishment the harm and pain that will be inflicted on them if the crime is eaten by law, what is known as public deterrence speech. For its part, the special deterrent will be responsible for reforming the meaning and morality of the offender, following various means provided by the legislature and designing a method of education of the deprived of liberty, allowing them the voluntary work determined by the conditions of each penance conditions or even by the subsequent formal and informal reintegration mechanisms of ex-convictions. It is concluded that these methods and others can contribute significantly to the achievement of the deterrence objectives, which is to reform and evaluate the offender's conduct according to criminal gravity on a case-by-case basis.

En este artículo recuperamos la tradición antigua del cuidado de sí, que asocia a la filosofía con el psicoanálisis, entendido como una cura del alma a través de la palabra, el autoexamen y la relación entre médico- paciente o filósofo-discípulo y de una verdad que necesita de la "conversión" del sujeto. Se recupera para ello la filosofía del Banquete de Platón y La Tranquilidad del Alma de Séneca.

Within the context of an era that appears to be defined by the triumph of gobalized capitalism, an alternative political project doesn't seem possible. Accordingly, Marxism can only be conjured as a spectre, in Derrida's sense. The 'philosophical conjuration' in postfordist society that Hardt & Negri propose in Empire is discussed, i.e. their notion of a General Intellect, by analogy with Saint Augustine's messianism in The City of God. The differences with Derrida's messianism are outlined, & the possibility to conceive of a 'messianism without a Messiah' in industrial society is discussed.

Through the method of metaphysics typical of philosophy, the objective of the study is to conceptualize the political dimension of the interaction of digital man and society in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The modeling method helps to create a model of interaction between the digital person and the digital society as a way of managing objectives to adapt people to increasing conditions of complexity and uncertainty, to provide a comprehensive analysis. As society becomes more complex, the model must become a flexible digital society. It is concluded that the analysis of variables and the determination of the optimal set of components of the digitalization of society play an important role: political, economic, administrative, social, and spiritual. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal model that will achieve a balance between human nature, man, and society. As a result of the analysis carried out, modern theoretical approaches to the interaction of the digital person and a digital society in the context of the philosophy of politics are also investigated.

The aim of the study is to analyze smart-philosophy, which refers to the priority research based on the new interaction between man and society. The methodological basis of the study is the synergetic approach, in the context of which new realities are "smart" with innovative potential. The informational approach to the analysis of society is based on the synergetic, nonlinear methodology, the analysis of which is applicable to the global transformation's characteristic of autoreflexive societies of high complexity. It also uses methods for measuring the "smart society" - anthropological and socio-axiological, based on people, education, the movement towards the "society of innovation" and knowledge. It is concluded that the breakthrough in the system of information and communication technologies has determined profound meaningful changes in all spheres of social activity, which is the theoretical autoreflexion of modernity and its dominant direction. The result of the study is the conceptualization of the smart-philosophy of the XXI century as the highest stage of civilizational development of mankind.

Se propone una discusión de los aportes de tres teorias actuales influyentes en el pensamiento critico latinoamericano: la teoria del discurso de Ernesto Laclau, la epistemologia del presente potencial de Hugo Zemelman y la filosofia de la liberación de Enrique Dussel. El objetivo del articulo es analizar en estas propuestas el lugar teórico e histórico que tienen los sujetos politicos que disputan la constitución del orden social y los aportes de estas teorias para la comprensión de los movimientos sociales en América Latina.

The study discusses the role of the philosophy of law in the process of unifying legal systems through the prism of the principles of the Draft Common Framework of Reference in Europe. The application of the philosophy of law in unification processes is also a necessary condition for the implementation of these processes about human rights and the sovereign interests of the State, which implements the unification of the legal order. Hence, the issue of European integration determines the strategic direction of the state, and this leads to the unification of law. The study aims to identify the role of the philosophy of law in the processes of unifying the legal systems of the European Union and its importance in the use of principles in these processes, justifying the need to use the philosophy of law in any process of transformation. It is concluded that the philosophy of law is a bridge harmonized with the legal sphere of operation of both individual states and supranational associations.

The paper discusses the appropriateness of speaking about Post-Rawlsian Philosophy. In order to establish the context of the question, the paper carries out a limited & tentative check of present political philosophy produced in English & a rereading of post-war political philosophy. Its objective is to assess political philosophy "before" & "after" Rawls in a critical way & then identify the specificity & particular problems of Post-Rawlsian philosophers & their way of understanding political philosophy. Finally, it supports the appropriateness of a Post-Rawlsian political philosophy in a critical & pluralist sense capable of facing present day challenges. Adapted from the source document.

The broad themes of investigation taken by Norberto Bobbio in his writings on political philosophy are traced. Bobbio was interested in the possible relation between political philosophy & political science. Early on, he distinguished between four types of political philosophy: the description & theoretization of the ideal model of the state; research on the fundamentals of power; politics as an activity autonomous from ethics, econonics, law, & religion; & political philosophy as a critical discourse about the assumptions of objectivity & validity in political science. Bobbio's work Estado, gobierno, sociedad ([State, Government, Society] 1991) was the culmination of ten years of development of a general theory of politics, which differentiates political philosophy & political science. M. Pflum