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Includes bibliographical references. ; As many as 1 in 3 children spend some childhood years living with a stepparent, and stepparents often play an important role in stepchildren's lives, emotionally as well as economically. However, stepparent-stepchild relationships are largely invisible in the law. This brief outlines some suggestions for ways to change that.

Predictable and unpredictable challenges continually confront the policy settings and policy frameworks of governments. They provide a constantly changing dynamic within which policy-making operates. Governments at all levels are asking their public services to identify innovative and workable reforms to anticipate and address these challenges. Public service leaders around the world are struggling not only to better anticipate emerging demands but also to address reform backlogs. However, time and time again, major policy reforms can prove tough to implement – especially in turbulent environments – and even tougher to anchor over time. This leads to considerable uncertainty and inefficiency as governments and policy communities try to keep pace with change. Policies that unravel or are dismantled are costly and represent wasted opportunities. They lead to cynicism about the effectiveness of governments and public service advice more generally, making it more difficult to deal with other emerging challenges. This volume of proactive essays on delivering policy reform offers an intriguing blend of strategic policy advice and management insight. It brings together a diverse range of highquality contributors from overseas as well as from Australia and New Zealand – including national political leaders, public service executives, heads of independent agencies, and leading international scholars.

The author analyzes data about the present social situation in Croatia & the state of social policy reforms. The indicators of social situation are very unfavorable as a result of a decade of dramatic changes: very high level of unemployment, high percentage of retired persons, growing social inequality, permanent financial crisis of social security systems. In the second part of his paper the author describes recently initiated or planned social policy reforms in the sectors of old age pension systems, health care, protection of the unemployed, social welfare, family policy, labor market & education polices. 1 Appendix, 17 References. Adapted from the source document.

Policy Reform in Developing Countries deals with questions of policy reforms in selected countries. This book is a collection of essays describing the application of general principles of policy reforms made in countries with an industrial base, such as Mexico, Portugal, Venezuela, Chile, the Andean Common Market, Egypt, and Korea. Through these essays, the author evaluates the general principles that make up desirable policy reforms in these countries, and describes the application of these principles in various actual situations. One essay presents the reforms needed to improve the system o

Nigeria is governed by a federal system, hence its fiscal operations also adhere to the same principle, a fact which has serious implications on how the tax system is managed. The country's tax system is lopsided, and dominated by oil revenue. It is also characterized by unnecessarily complex, distortionary and largely inequitable taxation laws that have limited application in the informal sector that dominates the economy. The primary objective of this paper is to prepare a case study on tax policy reforms in Nigeria, with the specific objectives of examining the main tax reforms in the country; highlighting tax revenue profile and composition; analysing possible distributional impacts on the poor; discussing major problems that could prevent effective tax implementation in the country; and offering suggestions for reforms.

'Economic Policy Reform in Egypt' by Iliya Harik is reviewed. A book review is presented of Economic Policy Reform in Egypt by Iliya Harik.

"This paper states that German pension policies have taken a new path. After describing the major characteristics of the German post-war pension system, the paper will analyse the major reforms since 1989 and the way they changed and challenged the main characteristics of the pension system. As a next step, the paper will revise the reforms in several different aspects. Firstly it will argue that the way of decision-making changed: the role of the social partners and of inter-party consensus-building diminished; the actors' constellation became more pluralistic. Secondly, policy change will be discussed in light of Peter Hall's concept, concluding that a policy paradigm change took place - incrementally. Thirdly, against the background of Esping-Andersen's welfare typologies, it will argue that there is an initial shift (especially in ideas) from a conservative pension model towards a liberal one." (author's abstract)

The historical topic of how Mongolia's foreign policy has evolved in 33 years of democracy and reform, along with the results achieved, was discussed against the background of the actions of all six Presidents of Mongolia. Our successive Presidents and Governments have maintained a continuity of independent, balanced, active, open, multi-pillared, and theoretically pragmatic foreign policy. During the time of the USSR, the People's Republic of Mongolia was effectively a satellite country, almost as the 16th Republic of the Soviet Union. After the end of the "Cold War," the new Mongolia sought and declared a new foreign policy, subsequently moving towards a "multi-pillar" foreign policy that engaged with many new partner countries, including China, the United States, Japan, and Western Europe. In just a year and a half, it has reached the present day by choosing and implementing a multi-pillar foreign policy that has strengthened its independence.
Монгол Улсын гадаад бодлогын шинэчлэл
Хураангуй: Монгол Улсын гадаад бодлого ардчилал, шинэчлэлийн 33 жилд хэрхэн хувьсан өөрчлөгдсөн, ямар үр дүнд хүрсэн тухай түүхэн сэдвийг 6 Ерөнхийлөгчийн үйл ажиллагааны дэвсгэр дээр хөндлөө. Манай үе үеийн Ерөнхийлөгч, Засгийн газрууд залгамж чанараа хадгалсан, бие даасан, тэнцвэртэй, идэвхтэй, нээлттэй, олон тулгуурт, онолын хувьд прагматик гадаад бодлого явуулж иржээ. СССР-ын үед БНМАУ бол хэрэг дээрээ Зөвлөлтийн 16 дахь холбооны БНУ мэт дагуул улсын зовлонг туулсан. "Хүйтэн дайн" дууссаны дараа шинэ Монгол Улс шинэ гадаад бодлогоо эрэлхийлсэн, тунхагласан, улмаар Хятад болон империалист гэгдсэн Америк, Япон, Өрнөд Европ зэрэг олон шинэ түнш-орон руу хандсан "олон тулгуурт" гадаад бодлого руугаа шилжсэн. Ердөө жил, жил хагасын дараа гэхэд бүрэн эзэн мэдсэн, тусгаар тогтнолоо бэхжүүлсэн олон тулгуурт гадаад бодлогыг сонгон авч хэрэгжүүлсээр өнөө хүрчээ. Энэ тухай үечлэн, багцлан дор бичсэн болно.
Түлхүүр үгс: Олон тулгуурт гадаад бодлоготой Монгол, 6 Ерөнхийлөгчийн 6 гадаад бодлого, хоёр хөрш ба гуравдагч хөрш, Иж бүрэн стратегийн түншлэл ба Стратегийн түншлэл

Fiscal policy represents one of the most important components of economic policy and as such it should be treated in its context.For this there are at least two reasons:First, economic policy defines the goals and criteria of fiscal policy in order to assess its contribution to the implementation of economic policies, andSecond, defining the connection between the objectives and instruments, theory of economic policy explains the process of fulfilling the objectives of economic policy, part of which process is fiscal policy itself. Therefore, in the following, in a quite direct manner, we will address the interdependence between economic policy and fiscal policy.The word policy, in everyday life is used to clarify the principles on which various activities run, in order to realize the goals set by the designated authorities by determining the holders of those activities, their size as well as means by which those goals should be realized.In order to achieve prosperity and political stability, national governments aim at achieving economic equilibrium. Kosovo is one of the last countries in Europe to transition to a market economy. The transition process has begun from a very difficult starting point.During the years after the war, a symbolic economic growth occurred, which has been attributed mainly to remittances, investments in infrastructure and privatization. Investments, despite continuous growth, are considered insufficient to boost domestic production.This pattern of growth has not been able to meet the development needs of the state and failed to translate into a better standard of living for citizens, given that neither unemployment nor poverty are reduced. (The Progress Report on Kosovo, European Commission 2011).