Статья посвящена анализу взаимосвязи старения населения и политических изменений. Старение рассматривается как глобальный феномен, характерный как для развитых, так и для развивающихся стран. На примере Германии показана связь старения с миграционной политикой и возможными внутриполитическими изменениями. На примере Китая и США показано влияние старения на расстановку сил в борьбе за мировое лидерство.
It is impossible to understand modern Islamic (especially Arab) societies without taking into account the influence of Islamism as an ideology, cultural environment, mode of action, and lifestyle. Unfortunately, Islamism in many ways has remained a "phenomenon lurking behind the surface." In this article we will focus on the analysis of some political aspects of modern Islamism, showing how Islamism behaves when in opposition (where it feels more confident) and what happens when Islamists come to power in a legitimate way. We would like to show that Islamism is not something superficial, but the deepest and most comprehensive substance of Islamic societies. Therefore, it is extremely important to distinguish between radical and moderate Islamism, relying on the latter to weaken the former, since moderate Islamism can grow to be a positive and promising part of the political spectrum of Islamic countries. We believe that it is impossible to reduce the danger of radical terrorist Islamism by force alone. We can hope that this will decline if it can be divided by moderate Islamism and make the latter more respectable, open, and involved in normal political life.
The main objective of the article was to study the legal and economic aspects of the formation of the budgetary mechanism of the national model of economic development. It is possible to ensure the dynamic processes of economic development of Ukraine only through effective regionalization, which significantly increases the requirements for the formation and use of the financial potential of the regions, which requires the development of strategic priorities for public financial management of the region as a whole. The research methodology involved the use of modern theoretical methods of analysis within the framework of dialectics. As a result of the analysis, the key aspects of the budgetary mechanism of the national model of economic development in Ukraine were characterized. It is concluded that, the study has a number of limitations in conducting a purely theoretical analysis. Further research should be devoted to the examination of digital technologies for the formation of the budget mechanism of the national model of economic development, among other aspects.
This publication describes openly the truth about the Panama Canal, its history and its economic difficulties particularly in Central America. / Abstract. Esta publicación describe abiertamente la verdad sobre el Canal de Panamá, su historia y sus dificultades económicas en particular con Centro América.
Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) constitute a remarkable sign of world trade in the current century and its proliferation has been a noticeable phenomenon in the past years. Its propagation might be read as a consequence of a flawed, lacking-in-concreteness juridical system; as well as a sign of the change in trade relations, which have moved from multilateralism to bilateralism. The features of modern FTAs as well as the changes in USA and EU policies are some other signals of the changes to come, which might allow us to evaluate and predict future developments ; Los Tratados de Libre Comercio (TLCs) son el signo definitorio del comercio mundial del presente siglo y su proliferación ha sido muy notoria en los últimos años. Tal aumento es consecuencia de un aparato jurídico de lenguaje indeterminado, así como del cambio de signo en las relaciones comerciales, viradas del multilateralismo al bilateralismo. Las nuevas características de los TLCs y el cambio en la política de dos de los grandes actores de la economía mundial, EE.UU. y la UE, ofrecen otras de las señales de cambio que permiten evaluar su posible desarrollo en el futuro.
La dominación interna y externa a que está sometida nuestra realidad requiere de alternativas educacionales comprometidas, que rompan con los lazos de dependencia y gesten una conciencia de necesidades colectivas y nacionales. Por eso, la educación debe estar orientada hacia una praxis política y crítica que promueva la transformación en general. La educación ambiental analiza las estructuras socio-económicas y políticas, en la medida en que afecten a la sociedad y a los ecosistemas, no se trata de una práctica neutra, sino representa un compromiso o alternativa a la problemática socio-ambiental. Ante los nuevos paradigmas educativos y la crisis del sistema de desarrollo convencional, la educación ambiental politizada constituye una alternativa dirigida a lograr una acción educativa, transformadora del individuo en sujeto de su propio destino, comprometido con su sociedad, con la conciencia de los problemas actuales y con la búsqueda de soluciones para un desarrollo social y ambiental sustentable. The inner/outer domination our reality is submitted to, requires from committed educational alternatives, that break the dependence ties and generate one of collective and national necessities. Therefore, education must be oriented towards a critical political praxis, that promotes the transformation in general. The environmental education analyses the social, economical and political structure, to the extent they affect society and ecosystems since education is not neutral. It represents a compromise or alternative to the socialenvironmental problem. Against the new educational paradigms and the conventional development system crisis, the politicized environmental education constitutes an alternative directed to accomplish an educational action, that transforms the individual into a subject of his own destiny, committed with his society and aware of the current problems, that looks for necessary solutions to a social and environmental sustainable development.
This paper presents further consideration of the following interrelation in the energy production sphere: oil and gas business and international projects on the long-term storage of nuclear materials. There are discussed some Russian versions of construction of nuclear depositories as well as corresponding geological assessments. In particular, for the North-West Russia.
This paper presents further consideration of the following interrelation in the energy production sphere: oil and gas business and international projects on the long-term storage of nuclear materials. There are discussed some Russian versions of construction of nuclear depositories as well as corresponding geological assessments. In particular, for the North-West Russia.
In: Cuestiones Políticas; Conflictividad política, pandemia de COVID-19 y nuevos paradigmasConflictividad política, pandemia de COVID-19 y nuevos paradigmas, Volume 38, Issue Especial II, p. 47-57
Starting from the middle of the 16-th century, during the foreign policy expansion increase, the ethno-confessional diversity of the Russian state was steadily increasing. The imperial policy aimed at assimilating non-Russian peoples sharply raised the issue of their identity preservation. For domestic Muslims, an important factor in cultural and confessional identity provision was the preservation and development of their traditional ties with the Islamic world. Various political, economic, cultural, and other contacts maintained with the countries of the Muslim East have become the basis for the stability of the Muslim community in Russia under imperial pressure. In this system, a special role was originally played by the Hajj (Muslim pilgrimage to the holy places in the Hejaz), which the official administration had to reckon with. The aim of the proposed study is to identify socio-political aspects, socio-political conditions, and the specifics of the Hajj implementation in the 19th century. After the analysis of office documentation, travel notes of Muslim pilgrims, and expert assessments of orientalists, the authors concluded that, despite the increasing opposition from the authorities, the significance of the Hajj intensifies in the 19th century. Hajj became not only the factor of opposition to imperial acculturation, but also a channel for presentation the ideas of renewal.
In article political aspects of hydro-energy crisis in Central Asia are analyzed. The main reasons for disagreements of the countries of the region on the matter are investigated. Positions of the Central Asian countries are revealed. ; В статье анализируется политические аспекты водно-энергетического кризиса, который происходит во взаимоотношениях центрально-азиатских государств на современном этапе. Исследованы основные причины разногласий стран региона по данному вопросу. Выявлены позиции отдельных стран региона, показаны их выгоды и потери.
This long-read scholarly essay analyzes various aspects of theory and history of early Soviet modernism and avant-garde debated sub specie comprehension of complex mechanisms of late-industrial economy of culture and its fundamental institutions. Particular emphasis is placed on theoretical pragmatics of international modernism and early Soviet 'life-building' envisaged through the perspective of the new suggestive regime of experimental social environment. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published
The institution of extradition dates back from the thousands of years, during which the institution mentioned above has become in permanent evolving, with social relations getting complicated. Globalization, as a socio-political phenomenon, has the greatest impact on extradition having complicated and modified the process making it responds to current challenges on the part of society. And, despite the fact that eventually positive attitude toward human rights has come to characterize the institution of extradition, such legal acts as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Convention on the Protection of the Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Convention against Torture and many others have become an important stage on its way, which ultimately have brought about changes in usual perception of the institution, having adopted the necessity of securing individual rights in it in connection with extradition through transnational cooperation.Intensive discussion of extradition questions in legal literature, abundance of legal acts by no means approaching emerging issues repetitively, constantly arising empirical evidence of lack of clearly defined methods of international cooperation on extradition questions lead to the need to address the deep causes of the problem, to determine the place of extradition in the system of international law, to work out effective legal standards that would enable the institution of extradition to realize its full potential in the fight against world crime. In the post-Soviet space a set of regulations and principles, concerning extradition issues, appeared. It determined the process of getting out offenders: the rule of double criminality, the rule of specialization, the principle to extradite or prosecute and others.The article is ted to study of the institution of extradition and is focused on the analysis of its past, changes, which it endured during its formation, and problems that the institution faces nowadays. This subject is quite sensitive strictly because it is regulated not only by rules of a particular state, but by rules of international law.Contemporary international law can be characterized as a vector directed to protect human rights that undoubtedly affected the nature of the institution. Inaccuracies in contemporary legislation, penal problems of extradition are often complicated by interference of a political factor. In other words, relations between states on the world stage often have a huge influence on the process of extradition. At the same time, current political situation and political motives of subjects have a great impact on the institution of extradition.In this work the authors consider the political aspect of the institution of extradition (giving the offenders out) in modern legislation. The study of these issues, connected with exclusion of political crimes from the scope of extradition, should be further developed in both international contract law and national legislation. ; Институт экстрадиции имеет историю, длиной в тысячелетия, на протяжении которых, по мере усложнения общественных отношений, указанный институт пребывал в состоянии перманентного становления. Глобализация, как социально-политический феномен, оказала сильнейшее влияние на институт выдачи, осложнив и видоизменив этот процесс, заставляя его служить ответом на современные вывозы со стороны общества. И, несмотря на то, что постепенно институт экстрадиции стал характеризоваться позитивным отношением к правам человека, важным этапом на данном пути стали именно такие правовые акты, как Всеобщая декларация прав человека, Конвенция о защите прав человека и основных свобод, Конвенция против пыток и многие другие, которые, в конечном итоге, обусловили изменение в привычном восприятии института экстрадиции, утвердив в нем необходимость обеспечения прав индивида в связи с выдачей в рамках межгосударственного сотрудничества.Большая дискуссионность вопросов экстрадиции в правовой литературе, обилие правовых актов, отнюдь не однообразно подходящих к решению возникающих проблем, регулярно возникающие эмпирические доказательства отсутствия четко выработанных методов сотрудничества государств в вопросах экстрадиции — все это приводит к необходимости обращения к глубинным основам проблемы, определению места экстрадиции в системе международного права, разработке эффективных правовых норм, которые бы позволили институту экстрадиции полноценно проявить себя в вопросе борьбы с мировой преступностью. В постсоветском мире в институте экстрадиции появился свод правил и принципов, детерминирующих протекание процесса выдачи преступников: правило двойной криминальности, правило специализации, принцип «выдай, либо суди» и т.д.Статья посвящена рассмотрению института экстрадиции и ориентирована на анализ своего прошлого, изменений, которые он претерпел в процессе становления, и проблем, с которыми этот институт в настоящее время сталкивается. Эта тема представляется весьма острой, собственно потому, что регулируется нормами не только отдельного государства, но и нормами международного права.Неточности в современном законодательстве, уголовно-правовые проблемы института выдачи зачастую осложняются вмешательством политического фактора, иными словами отношения государств на мировой арене нередко оказывают огромное влияние на процесс экстрадиции. При этом, огромное влияние на институт экстрадиции оказывает текущая политическая обстановка и политические мотивы субъектов экстрадиции.В данной работе авторы рассматривают политический аспект института экстрадиции (выдачи преступников) в современном законодательстве. Рассмотрение этих проблем, связанных с исключением политических преступлений из сферы выдачи, должно получить дальнейшее развитие, как в международном договорном праве, так и в национальном законодательстве.
Utopias, as a guiding story, contain future projects through which societies imagine the transition to a better life. However, the transition from the imaginative dimension to the political implementation of utopias, transforms them into projects that provoke adherence but also rejection; from ideal to ideological. Political utopias, those that seek to be implemented through the exercise of political power, are characterized in this proposal not by their fantasy character or their future dimension opposed to the present, but by the search for the end of the antagonisms that obstruct their discourse. Consequently, they avoid valuing the political process that always produces partial solutions. In this work, some reflections on the political aspects involved in the process of implementing these narratives, will be presented, in light of the relationship that emerges between the cultural and the political. ; Las utopías como relato orientador, encierran proyectos de futuro mediante los cuales las sociedades imaginan el tránsito a una vida mejor. Sin embargo, el paso de la dimensión imaginativa a la implementación política de las utopías, las transforma en proyectos que suscitan adhesiones, pero también rechazos; de ideales a ideológicas. Las utopías políticas, aquellas que buscan implementarse mediante el ejercicio del poder político, se caracterizan en esta propuesta no por su carácter fantasioso o su dimensión futura opuesta al presente, sino por la búsqueda del fin de los antagonismos que obstruyen su discurso. En consecuencia, esquivan valorar el proceso político que siempre produce soluciones parciales. En este trabajo se van a presentar algunas reflexiones sobre los aspectos políticos que implica el proceso de implementación de estos relatos, a la luz de la relación que surge entre lo cultural y lo político.
