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Presents a brilliant, persuasive case that American political parties, so often dismissed as immature or ineffective compared with their European counterparts, are in fact old and durable political organizations, serving well the needs of a pluralistic society. What chiefly distinguishes this work is the inclusion of considerable material on American parties in a comparative context to the analysis of British, Scandinavian, European, Canadian, Australian and New Zealand political parties.

Enthält: Party system of Ukraine before and after Maidan : changes, trends, public demand. - S. 2-67 ; Political parties in Ukraine : current state, development and environment. - S. 68-73 ; Political parties in Ukraine : expert opinions. - S. 74-92 ; Current state and prospects of development of party system in Ukraine : expert assessments. - S. 93-105 ; Political parties and party system of Ukraine at present : public opinion. - S. 106-144 ; Party system of Ukraine at present : challenges, problems, public expectations. - S. 145-163

Die Verfasser fragen nach den Konsequenzen, die die Schwäche und Fragmentierung des ukrainischen Parteiensystems für die politische Entwicklung des Landes in der Übergangsphase zu Demokratie und Marktwirtschaft hat. Sie diskutieren unterschiedliche Erklärungsansätze für die Fragmentierung des Parteiensystems. Ansätze einer Strukturierung der Parteienlandschaft werden in der Klassifizierung in fünf Parteienblocks gesehen (Ultranationalisten, Nationaldemokraten, liberale Demokraten, Bürokraten, Sozialisten). Die Herausbildung eines starken Parteiensystems wird erst als Ergebnis des grundlegenden Wirtschaftsreformprozesses erwartet. Abschließend werden rechtliche und verfassungspolitische Maßnahmen zur Förderung des Aufbaus starker Parteien in der Ukraine diskutiert. (BIOst-Wpt)

This Living Review makes the case for the study of Europeanization and political parties as related but distinct from the study of political parties and European integration. It then presents the Europeanization approach to parties, noting that some of the components in this approach developed to study policy and institutional change may not lend themselves so well to the study of national parties. This argument distinguishes between direct and indirect effects of European Union influence on parties. Next, it briefly discusses the application of party Europeanization research to post-communist parties. This is followed by a discussion of proposed normative consequences of party Europeanization. Finally, suggestions for further research focuses on the need for refining the analytic framework in order to better identify the causal mechanisms specific to party Europeanization. Adapted from the source document.

Using ADA roll call voting scores for the 1947-2006 period, I find that senators shirk in their last term. The degree of shirking is limited by political parties, which constrain the politician in his last term, and varies by post-Senate career choices. The results highlight the importance of political parties in the repeated game that is electoral politics. Adapted from the source document.

Based on recent survey data from 20 countries, this article examines the 'contagion' thesis -- lack of support among the electorate at one level of the political system may spread to other levels. The levels examined are political parties & the party system. The results demonstrate that the degree to which people are attached to a party is related to how they view the need for parties in their country. In countries with widely different democratic systems, people who identify strongly with a party tend to be much more supportive of the idea that parties are necessary to the functioning of the political system than people without strong party attachments. Hence, party identification, a concept originating with the 'Michigan Four,' is not only a very useful tool in analyzing voting behavior. It can also be applied to studying support for party-based democratic political systems. 3 Tables, 20 References. Adapted from the source document.

An examination of normative models of political parties & their relationship to democratic philosophy. Three dichotomous, analytical dimensions are developed: the parties' elite or mass focus, their collective or coalitional goals, & their instrumental or expressive mode. Eight abstract party concepts are derived from these dimensions, portraying the party, variously, as: governing caucus, cause advocate, ideological community, social movement, bureaucratic organization, rational team of office-seekers, urban machine, & personal coalition. In an analysis of democratic theory, parallel dimensions are developed: accessibility of leadership, voter goals, & the character of popular participation. It is shown that particular kinds of parties are associated with these different concepts of democracy & with particular forms of government. 2 Tables, 44 References. Adapted from the source document.