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This paper aims at the reconstruction of the Scythians' ideas of the classification of animals which embodied the structure of the mythological Universe. The research is based on the analysis of the decoration of the Ilyichevo quiver as a unique artefact featuring the scene of torturing by predators of three biological genera: a bird, an animal, and a reptile. The study of the sources supplying information on the ancient Iranians' zoological classifications and the analysis of a zoological, anatomical, subject, and material codes for reconstruction allow the author to reveal the background of the Scythian classification of the mythological animal world. The latter comprised: the habitat corresponding to the specific zone of the mythological Universe; the way of movement; and the characteristic of nutrition. This paper offers a reconstruction of the semiotic status of the quiver/gorytos against the background of the analysis of the Scythian art and written sources. The conclusion is that the Scythians got notions of funerary feast as the embodiment of the cosmic body divided into three parts; the paper clarifies the already existing ideas about the semantics of the zoomorphic images in the Scythian art.

This study examined the contribution of commercial tricycles to the socio-economic development in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, through revenue generation to the government, employment generation for the people and the movement of economic goods within the Uyo metropolis, Akwa Ibom State. Using the survey research technique, data for the study were drawn from primary and secondary sources through the cross-sectional survey of 400 respondents from 10,500 registered Keke riders in Uyo. The study employed the economic development framework as a theoretical framework to determine how transportation activities enhance socio-economic development. It was discovered among others, that tricycle operation has generated revenue from the payment of taxes and registration fees to the State Ministry of Transport; that it has generated a lot of direct (riders) and indirect (spare parts dealers and mechanic) employment opportunities to the citizens; and that tricycle operations have aided in the movement of people, goods and services, even to the rural areas. The study recommended that apart from the State Government ensuring that revenue generated from tricycle operations is channelled to the development needs of the state, it should also effectively monitor tricycle operations to avoid illegal registration and diversion of the funds by fraudulent revenue collection agents.

The article analyzes modern tendencies in Ukrainian historiography of XIX – and early XX century Jewish pogroms. General works on the history of Ukraine, special works devoted to anti-Jewish violence, and the study of the similar problems, that has been published in the last two decades, are considered. The general context of works, their sources, previous researches influence, conclusions of which the authors came, etc. are analyzed. Reading the intelligence on the pogroms, we can see, that the pogroms were largely the result of modernization, internal migration, the relocation to Ukraine of workers from the Russian provinces of the Romanov Empire and so on. Pogroms are also viewed in the context of social and revolutionary movements. That is, the violence, according to researchers, led to the emergence of Zionism. Also, Jews were actively involved to the left movement, while falling victim to extreme Russian nationalists and chauvinists - the Black Hundreds. We have special works dedicated to the pogroms of the first and second waves, which, however, are not so many. Their authors find out the causes and consequences of the pogroms, the significance of violence for the Jewish community and Ukrainian-Jewish relations, the attitude of the authorities and society to these acts of violence, and so on. Some Ukrainian historians research the problem of pogroms on various issues. Among them are works on the history of Jews from different regions of Ukraine, communities of individual cities, Ukraine as a whole; the history of the Ukrainian peasantry, the monarchical and Black Hundred movement in Ukraine, the revolutionary events of 1905-1907, migration processes in Ukrainian lands, the formation of modern nations, the life and work of prominent figures and more. The authors conduct full-fledged research using a wide source base, including archival materials, which, however, are often factual in nature. This is a disadvantage, because historians are "captured" by the sources on which they rely. We also have conceptual research that refers to a broad historiography of the problem, including foreign. These works often draw the reader's attention to a broader - the imperial, modernization or migration context. It is important, that researchers see actors of Ukrainian history in the Jewish population. Because of this, they are much less interested in the future of the Jews who left the Ukrainian lands than in the researchers of Jewish history.

The aim of the research in this MA by Research thesis has been to shed light on the development of the notion of "management" and its associated "sociometrics" at UK universities. The research looked at the transformation of university operating strategies in England and Wales, with the objective of capturing the various managerial movements from a traditional collegial administrative operating system to a more diverse entrepreneurial model more aligned with contemporary corporate management beliefs. 8 diverse universities were selected for the case-study to provide "colour and contrast" – namely, Oxford and Cambridge as "Ancient" universities, Cardiff and Royal Holloway as "19th Century-Founded" universities, Birmingham to cover the "Red Brick" category, Lancaster to spotlight the so-called "Plate-Glass" universities, Hertfordshire to embrace the "Post-Polytechnic" universities and Open University to include the "E-University" category. The methodology utilized was a triangulated middle-ground approach to examine qualitatively and quantitatively the universities websites, strategic documents, government committee reports, regulations and financial performance information that reflected surplus/deficit results as outcomes for the targeted group. The lessons learned from this investigation showed that these universities modus operandi and performance reflected an ongoing trend of transformation imposed by continuous government regulatory change requirements on the one hand, and most likely also, the changing sector climate in the higher education community in England and Wales. The findings from the research indicate that scholastic writings and the literature have extensively chronicled the movement from 'collegial' administration to academic entrepreneurialism. However, it appears to be an open question as to whether a common corporate strategic wording language had emerged by 2002: though it had basically, by 2012. In both 2002 and 2012 a recognizable core of sociometric wording language was discernible. And finally some slender evidence was uncovered that indicates where substantial effort was put out by the universities in strategic planning, better financial results accrued. Significant contributions to overall knowledge have been uncovered as a result of this thesis research. The movement by UK universities from 'academic collegial administration' to academic entrepreneurialism' has been verified by multiple academic writings. UK universities have developed a measurable increase in the use of common 'strategic sociometric wording' and a greatly increased the use of strategic management and corporatised-wording in their published literature. And lastly, some modest evidence supports a finding that better financial results do appear to have emanated where considerable strategic planning effort was put out.

The article examines the role of the famous Ukrainian scientist Yuri Shevelov in coming to an understanding of the mission of Ukrainian emigration, which after the end of the Second World War found itself in displaced person camps. Emphasis is placed on the program performances of Yuri Shevelov during 1945-1949, which account for the activities of the Ukrainian Art Movement - the association of Ukrainian writers in exile. In this environment, important and relevant issues for national life were freely discussed, discussions were held on the problem of preserving the identity of Ukrainians outside the homeland. It is claimed that in his works Yuri Shevelov made an in-depth analysis of the situation in which the Ukrainian emigration found itself, described this time as a stage of exhaustion, disappointments and trials. The psychological features caused by these circumstances brought on different reactions in the present time, which turned out to be: in the works of emigrant writers. The critic was concerned about the rise of conservative and restorationist sentiment among Ukrainian emigrants, and considered the loss of time and provincialism to be the greatest threat to emigration. The scientist considered the mission of post-war emigration to be the creation of modern literature that would combine common to mankind issues and have a distinct national character. Yuri Shevelov considered the creation of a deeply original, truly Ukrainian national style as a consolidating factor of literary and artistic life in the conditions of emigration to be the leading tendency of modern literary life. It is emphasized that in the person of Yuri Shevelov are dealing not only with a person who proclaimed the program principles of the organization of exiles from Ukraine and contributed to its effectiveness, but also with a researcher whose reflections help to better understand the phenomenon of the third wave of Ukrainian emigration.

Technology has become an indispensable part of contemporary society. The new vision of upcoming generations is the internet of things (IoT), which has created new interaction among individuals and the environment. IoT has permeated into higher education institutions, advancing the quality of the teaching-learning experience and the ability to customize environmental parameters. In this research, the status of the Polytechnic University of Madrid, ETSIDI campus was explored based on the post-occupancy evaluation (POE) in order to assess the status of facilities and reveal the corresponding solutions for possible enhancements. The smart campus development approach is pursuant to the occupant-based framework as a way to represent and analyze occupant state, mobility, and movement in the campus through the IoT.

Стаття присвячена 25-річчю Народного Руху України за перебудову. Показано протиборство ініціаторів створення цієї першої опозиційної громадсько-політичної організації тоталітарному комуністичному режиму в столиці України і на місцях. Очолили рухівський процес передусім київські письменники та вчені Інституту літератури ім. Т. Г. Шевченка. Попри шалений супротив Компартії в актовому залі Київського політехнічного інституту 8–10 вересня 1989 р. відбувся Установчий з'їзд НРУ. У ньому взяли участь 1109 делегатів, які представляли близько 280 тисяч активних учасників Руху. З'їзд прийняв Статут і Програму Народного Руху України та ще низку актуальних документів. То був перший суттєвий крок у кінці ХХ століття до незалежності України. У 1990 році була прийнята Верховною Радою Декларація про державний суверенітет України, у 1991 році — Акт проголошення незалежності України. У підготовці і прийнятті цих доленосних документів одна з головних заслуг належить НРУ. ; Статья посвящена 25-летию Народного Руха Украины за перестройку. Показано противоборство инициаторов создания этой первой оппозиционной общественно-политической организации тоталитарному коммунистическому режиму в столице Украины и на местах. Возглавили руховский процесс прежде всего киевские писатели и ученые Института литературы им. Т. Г. Шевченко. Несмотря на ожесточенное сопротивление Компартии в актовом зале Киевского политехнического института 8–10 сентября 1989 г. состоялся Учредительный съезд НРУ. В нем приняли участие 1109 делегатов, представлявших около 280 тысяч активных участников Руха. Съезд принял Устав и Программу Народного Руха Украины и еще ряд актуальных документов. Это был первый существенный шаг в конце ХХ века к независимости Украины. В 1990 году была принята Верховной Радой Декларация о государственном суверенитете Украины, в 1991 году — Акт о провозглашении независимости Украины. В подготовке и принятии этих судьбоносных документов одна из главных заслуг принадлежит НРУ. ; This article is devoted to the 25th anniversary of the People's Movement of Ukraine for Perestroika. The author shows confrontation between the initiators of this first oppositional social and political organization and the totalitarian communist regime in the capital of Ukraine and on local levels. The People's Movement was primarily led by Kiev writers and scientists of Shevchenko Institute of Literature. Despite the furious resistance of the Communist Party, the founding congress of the People's Movement of Ukraine was held in the Assembly Hall of the Kiev Polytechnic Institute on 8—10 September in 1989. It was attended by 1109 delegates representing about 280 thousand active participants of the Movement. The congress agreed to the Charter and the Program of the People's Movement of Ukraine and a number of urgent documents. This was the first significant step to the independence of Ukraine in the late twentieth century. The Verkhovna Rada adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine in 1990, and the Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine in 1991. The main credit for the preparation and adoption of these crucial documents largely belongs to the People's Movement of Ukraine.

This study evaluates consideration to allow shipments of Argentine fresh lemons into the United States. Besides providing analysis of an on-going and still disputed systems approach, this case was viewed as a relevant test for feasibility of a prototype analytical tool that links economic and risk assessment for SPS measures. Political economy and empirical assessment shows that despite some apparent similarities among systems approach policies, the idiosyncratic nature of SPS issues limits application of a common quantitative method for such policies. Assessment within context of the lemon case reveals important lessons with respect to economic analysis. Scientific debate is likely to be more contentious and sustained in cases where the political stakes are greater, thus a priori economic evaluation is likely to be the most limited in those cases where it could prove the most valuable. Results highlight transitions in the political reality of WTO SPS agreement applications. Movement away from specificity in risk assessment limits common understanding and further assessment of regulatory policies. The dynamics of the lemon case shifted attention to credibility of domestic, as well as foreign, institutions. Confidence between regulatory agencies is important, but does not compensate for public trust. ; This report was prepared for USDA, Economics Research Service, Program of Research on the Economics of Invasive Species Management (PREISM) through a grant provided to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (research grant 43-3AEM-3-80087) with subcontracts to Michigan State University and Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE). We thank ERS for financial support.

Abstract
The interest in ethical and bioethical topics in society is always present. However, the question arises as to how are ethical and bioethical problems of broad spectrum presented to the public, starting from issues related to health, medicine, technology, genetics, to issues about economy and politics. If ethical-bioethical issues will be addressed in different fields of social life without systematic methodological preparation, we could easily be trapped in ethics and bioethics speeches, which would be presented in a way that suits somebody at a certain point. When talking about educational institutions like College or Polytechnic with medical and health-related study programs, it would certainly be useful to make an analysis about the ethical-bioethical topics and subjects they are offering to students. Recently, there is a high interest of high school graduates in enrolling to professional study programs like Physiotherapy and Nursing. Bioethics is an obligatory subject within the framework of those study programs. However, lecturers of different profiles are chair professors of Bioethics at the aforementioned institutions, starting from physicians, through philosophers, theologians, sociologists, and lawyers. Of course, that is possible because a scientist can deal with various scientific challenges through his career, but it would certainly be important to at least equate syllabi, as well as plans and programs of Bioethics in Physiotherapy and Nursing study program. It is important to note that in Physiotherapy programs, besides subjects from the field of biomedicine, a significant part of the program is based on the science of movement and especially therapeutic exercises, which point out the need to include the field of kinesiology into the Bioethics plan and program.

Julio López Rendueles was part of the group of Spanish exiles who joined the rising University of Oriente, and contributed decisively to the development of this center of high studies and to the revolutionary struggle that was taking place in the nation led by Movement 26 of July. This work shows that, before arriving in Cuba, Professor López Rendueles was a prestigious intellectual and a prominent communist militant, defender of the Spanish Republic. After the triumph of the Revolution he moved to Havana, where he continued to collaborate with the Revolutionary Armed Forces in the creation of Camilo Cienfuegos Military Schools and with the Ministry of Education in the organization of polytechnic teaching and in writing books for the teaching of chemistry, physics and mathematics. ; Julio López Rendueles formó parte del grupo de exiliados españoles que se integraron al claustro de profesores de la naciente Universidad de Oriente, y contribuyeron decisivamente al desarrollo de este centro de altos estudios y a la lucha revolucionaria que se desarrollaba en la nación dirigida por el Movimiento 26 de Julio. Este trabajo demuestra que, antes de llegar a Cuba, el profesor López Rendueles era ya un prestigioso intelectual y un destacado militante comunista, defensor de la República Española. Después del triunfo de la Revolución se trasladó a La Habana, desde donde continuó colaborando con las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias en la creación de las Escuelas Militares Camilo Cienfuegos, y con el Ministerio de Educación en la organización de la enseñanza politécnica y en la redacción de textos escolares para la enseñanza de la química, la física y la matemática.

Bruce Curtis, PhD, FRHistS, FRSC, is Professor Emeritus of Sociology at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Among his recent contributions to the field of educational historiography are "Priority, politics and pedagogical science. Part I: the mental steam-engine" and "Priority, politics and pedagogical science. Part II: the priority dispute and a standard model of pedagogy," both in Paedagogica Historica 52, no. 6 (2016), and Ruling by Schooling Quebec: Conquest to Liberal Governmentality. A Historical Sociology (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012). Détentrice d'un doctorat en histoire, Andrée Dufour a enseigné au cégep et à l'université pendant plus de vingt ans. Outre de nombreux articles sur l'histoire de l'éducation au Québec, on lui doit les ouvrages, Tous à l'école, Histoire de l'éducation au Québec et avec M. Dumont, Brève histoire des institutrices au Québec de la Nouvelle-France à nos jours. Maintenant retraitée, elle assume la codirection de l'Atlas historique, l'École au Québec qui paraîtra prochainement aux Presses de l'Université Laval. James Miles is a PhD Candidate at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto. His doctoral research examines the relationship between history education and campaigns to redress historical injustices in Canada, and is funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Gerald Thomson, PhD, now retired, has worked as a special education teacher (Surrey School District #36), sessional lecturer in history of education in British Columbia (UBC Educational Studies), and professor of history of British Columbia (Kwantlen Polytechnic University History Faculty). He worked several summers at Woodlands School for special needs children and several years in Crease Clinic at Riverview Mental Hospital (formerly Essondale) on the nursing staff. Dr. Thomson has published numerous articles on the history of special education, the testing movement and mental hygiene in British Columbia in HSE-RHÉ, BC Studies, and BC History Magazine. He welcomes feedback and can be contacted at: gerald.t@telus.net. ; Bruce Curtis, PhD, FRHistS, FRSC, is Professor Emeritus of Sociology at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Among his recent contributions to the field of educational historiography are "Priority, politics and pedagogical science. Part I: the mental steam-engine" and "Priority, politics and pedagogical science. Part II: the priority dispute and a standard model of pedagogy," both in Paedagogica Historica 52, no. 6 (2016), and Ruling by Schooling Quebec: Conquest to Liberal Governmentality. A Historical Sociology (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012). Détentrice d'un doctorat en histoire, Andrée Dufour a enseigné au cégep et à l'université pendant plus de vingt ans. Outre de nombreux articles sur l'histoire de l'éducation au Québec, on lui doit les ouvrages, Tous à l'école, Histoire de l'éducation au Québec et avec M. Dumont, Brève histoire des institutrices au Québec de la Nouvelle-France à nos jours. Maintenant retraitée, elle assume la codirection de l'Atlas historique, l'École au Québec qui paraîtra prochainement aux Presses de l'Université Laval. James Miles is a PhD Candidate at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto. His doctoral research examines the relationship between history education and campaigns to redress historical injustices in Canada, and is funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Gerald Thomson, PhD, now retired, has worked as a special education teacher (Surrey School District #36), sessional lecturer in history of education in British Columbia (UBC Educational Studies), and professor of history of British Columbia (Kwantlen Polytechnic University History Faculty). He worked several summers at Woodlands School for special needs children and several years in Crease Clinic at Riverview Mental Hospital (formerly Essondale) on the nursing staff. Dr. Thomson has published numerous articles on the history of special education, the testing movement and mental hygiene in British Columbia in HSE-RHÉ, BC Studies, and BC History Magazine. He welcomes feedback and can be contacted at: gerald.t@telus.net.

This paper presents a new fitness to drive and driving ability assessment procedure developed by theUniversity Polytechnic of Valencia (Spain) for evaluating severely drivers with impairments whocannot drive a motor vehicle with standard car control adaptations. The objective of this newassessment approach was based on performing a series of practical tests divided into two main phases. The first phase of the assessment utilize a simulator that allows a safe measurement of all thenecessary parameters needed to determine the residual capacities (e.g. forces, torques, displacements,reaction time, etc.) of the driver that can be used for driving a joystick controlled vehicle. Furthermore,driving maneuvers are performed in a controlled way to determine required movement coordination,response times, etc. The SERCO simulator was designed and developed for this purpose as a modular,portable and adaptive experimental tool that allows assessing driver candidates with or without leavingtheir wheelchair using all types of technical aids including joystick controls. The result of this firstassessment phase determines the more appropriate joystick device and space location as a function ofthe driver needs. The second phase of the assessment procedure includes a series of driving ability tests on a closedcircuit. From the information obtained during the assessment in the simulator, the most suitable typeof joystick device is determined for driving safely and the restraint system needed both by the user andthe wheelchair. At this stage it will also be possible to assess the accessibility requirements needed forthe adapted vehicle. Moreover, at this stage a battery of practical tests is performed in a closed circuitwith the vehicle in motion, which follows the recommendations and requirements defined by the EUcurrent legislation for obtaining a driving license (EC, 2006), reproducing vehicle maneuvers as closeto reality as possible. As a result of the described procedure it is possible to ensure that the driver is able to fulfill theminimum requirements for obtaining a driving license. Furthermore, it is possible to determinerequired driving restrictions or limitations, corrective conditions and coding of adaptations accordingto EU legislation.