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The exceptions to the four freedoms : the historical context / David Edward -- Economic justifications and the role of the state / Jukka Snell -- Citizenship : reallocating welfare responsibilities to the state of origin / Eleanor Spaventa -- (Dis)enfranchisement and Free movement / Aidan O'Neill -- Social justifications for restrictions of the right to welfare equality : students and beyond / Sara Iglesias Sanchez and Diego Acosta Arcarazo -- The worker protection justification : lessons from consumer law / Catherine Barnard -- Cultural policy justifications / Bruno de Witte -- Morality, free movement, and judicial restraint at the European Court of Justice / Dimitrios Doukas -- The constitutional dimension of public policy justifications / Daniel Thym -- Public security exceptions and EU free movement law / Panos Koutrakos -- Free movement, the quality of life, and the myth that the court balances interests / Gareth Davies -- Justification, proportionality, and consumer protection / Stephen Weatherill -- The proportionality test : constructive dialogue between the English and Scottish courts / Malcolm Jarvis -- EU secondary legislation and its impact on derogations from free movement / Phil Syrpis -- Primary laws : judging free movement restrictions after Lisbon / Niamh Nic Shuibhne.

The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of the Proportionality Principle as a valid legal criterion to determine when a given industry must be ex ante regulated by the Government through a specific sectorial regulatory framework or whether the application of the general antitrust and competition laws to such industry must be considered as a valid alternative. To this ends, this article analyzes the case of the Argentinean Law of Audiovisual Communications Services as it was treated by the Supreme Court of Argentina in the Grupo Clarín case.

1. Proportionality crossing borders : why is it still difficult to recognise sparrows and cannons / Sofia Ranchordas and Boudewijn de Waard -- 2. The principle of proportionality in German administrative law / Nikolaus Marsch and Vanessa Tunsmeyer -- 3. Proportionality in French administrative law / Yoan Sanchez -- 4. Proportionality in English law / A.C.L. Davies and J.R. Williams -- 5. Proportionality in Dutch administrative law / Boudewijn de Waard -- 6. The principle of proportionality in European law / Catherine Haguenau-Moizard, Yoan Sanchez -- 7. Agency discretion, judicial review and 'proportionality' in U.S. administrative law / Jud Mathews -- 8. Concluding remarks / Sofia Ranchordas and Boudewijn de Waard.

The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of the Proportionality Principle as a valid legal criterion to determine when a given industry must be ex ante regulated by the Government through a specific sectorial regulatory framework or whether the application of the general antitrust and competition laws to such industry must be considered as a valid alternative. To this ends, this article analyzes the case of the Argentinean Law of Audiovisual Communications Services as it was treated by the Supreme Court of Argentina in the Grupo Clarín case. ; En este trabajo se pretende señalar la importancia del principio de proporcionalidad como un criterio jurídico válido para determinar cuándo una determinada industria debe ser regulada de modo sectorial y ex ante o cuando resulta preferible hacerlo mediante modalidades menos intrusivas como, por ejemplo, el régimen de defensa de la competencia. A estos efectos, se utilizará como ejemplo lo ocurrido en la República Argentina con la Ley de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual y su tratamiento por la Corte Suprema de Justicia en el caso del Grupo Clarín.