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The article presents a comparative analysis of Master's programs of four leading Russian universities with those offered by top globally recognized universities (from QS, RePec, Best US News university rankings). Foreign universities' programs show a significant domination of public administration, public politics or public economics to the detriment of financial component. Out of 130 universities the author identifies only about 10 relevant programs with valuable and substantial public finance components. Russian master's programs are on a par with globally recognized programs, which provide a solid basis to easily adapt them for international students. The article contains references to top universities' programs and courses, English variants of disciplines and their Russian analogs that make the article useful for upgrading the Russian programs.

The necessity of writing this article is conditioned by the active development of consular law, which, as part of international law, evolves directly under the influence of world political and economic processes. At the beginning of the twentieth century, an impressive number of consulates operated in Europe, North and South America, Asia, the middle East, and partly in Africa.The legal acts regulating the consular sphere of influence, concluded in Russia in the 19th century, had not only national significance, but also international significance. All adopted conventions, treatises, agreements and charters were elements that form the system of public international law as a whole.With the formation of a new state in the former Russian Empire, it became necessary to adopt a new legal framework regulating consular activities.

The article is devoted to determining the place of consumer law in the system of Russian law and in the system of Russian legislation. Having formed in Russian civil law initially as a functional institution of civil law protection of consumer rights, it later, together with the norms of branches of public law, forms an intersectoral institute of Russian law, and under the influence of codified civil legislation, especially due to the reform of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the improvement of legislation on consumer protection and the practice of its application, occupies the place of a functional sub-branch in the structure of modern civil law. For more than thirty years, consumer law has also been formed as a complex branch of legislation, including normative acts containing norms of various branches of Russian law. Consumer law (consumer protection legislation) is characterized by a number of features (it includes numerous regulations of various hierarchical levels and combines legal regulation contained in codified civil legislation and special acts on consumer protection). This, on the one hand, seems to be a very progressive phenomenon, since the civil law regulation of contractual relations with the participation of consumers is elevated to the level of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, and, on the other hand, this is done in part two of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as in certain federal laws, is often inconsistent or insufficiently successful.

The communication rights enshrined in Part 1 of Article 5 of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany — freedom of expression, freedom of informa-tion, press, broadcasting, and cinema (Kommunikationsgrundrechte) are of constitu-tive importance for German democracy, since the process of forming of public opinion, which is important for the functioning of democratic institutions, depends on the level of their guarantee. At the same time, due to the special persuasiveness of the audiovi-sual form of information presentation, broadcasting is the most significant means of influence. Public service broadcasting (öffentlich- rechtlicher Rundfunk) is central to the German broadcasting system, while the role of private broadcasters is secondary. The decisive importance of public broadcasting in shaping the political opinion of Ger-man citizens presupposes the existence of sufficient and effective constitutional and legal guarantees that exclude the instrumentalization of this institution by the state, industry, and other influential public groups. The article, taking into account the historical con-text and using examples from the legislation and practice of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, analyzes these guarantees, and also describes the basic constitutional and legal principles of the functioning of the broadcasting system in Germany. As a conclusion, a set of the basic essential characteristics of the German model of public broadcasting is fixed, which might be used for further critical consideration of this institution.

In this article, the author considers the problems associated with the modern formulation and implementation of the principle of unity of public authorities, state and municipal. Particular attention is paid to the latently existing public authority and the changes that need to be made to regional and federal legislation. The emphasis is on the implementation of social values and guidelines for the principles of organization of state and municipal authorities at different stages of state building. Based on the varying principles of Soviet and modern, it is shown that there is a lot of invariable characterizing the identity of Russian society. The search for unifying principles of interaction is submitted for discussion - the unity of public interests, based not on the principle of supremacy, but on the basis of weighing dierent interests, that is, ndinga balance between the conficting state and municipal. Such an approach will allow us to renew our perception through a synthesis of what is permissible, what is desired, and what should be.

The scientific report presents the results of a study of various approaches to the construction of modern quality management systems in medical organizations. Trends in the development of healthcare systems in the world and in the Russian Federation are analyzed, it is shown what role, on the one hand, the development of the infrastructure of medical care for the population, the staff of medical organizations, and on the other hand, the satisfaction of patients with the quality of the services provided to them by the medical organization, plays.

In November 1868, the Ministry of Enlightenment of Russia approved the Charter of the Russian Chemical Society (RCS), one of the Founding Members of which had been Dmitri Mendeleev. The first report on Mendeleev Periodic Table of Chemical Elements was delivered during a meeting of the RCS in March 1869. Therefore 1869 is considered by the world science as the year of discovery of the Periodic Law and formulation of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. Year 2019 is the 150th anniversary since Dmitry Mendeleev discovered the Periodic System, and the United Nations proclaimed this year to be the International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements (IYPT2019). After a series of transformations, in 1992 the RCS became the Mendeleev Russian Chemical Society. In 2019, the RCS is holding anniversary events. The extraordinary Mendeleev Congress on General and Applied Chemistry is one of them. It will be held in Saint Petersburg in September 2019 and will host approximately 3,000 foreign and Russian participants. English-speaking symposia, conferences and round tables on current issues of strategic development of science and technology are planned as a part of the Congress.

The constitutional reforms in Russia are amongst the most significant news for Russia's partners in international relations. The configuration of international law and Russian domestic legal order falls within the scope of the constitutional changes of 2020, and there is no chance that this change will be abandoned by the legislator. This particular amendment was not actively commented on during the nationwide discussion on the constitutional reform; it drew mostly experts' attention. The article alleges that the constitutional amendment restricting the applicability of international case law in Russia is both a transient response to the instant political tension around Russia, and a formalization of the positivistic trend well established in domestic judicial practice. The positivistic trend is part of the process shaping Russia's own approach to international law. The prospective amendment concerning international case law in the Constitution of the Russian Federation will not hinder the rules expressly stated in the treaties of the EAEU. However, the resolutions of the EAEU's structures and institutions, including the case law of the Court of the EAEU, are likely to be scrutinized in a defensive way by Russian Constitutional court in situations extraordinary for the Russian State, ensuring their conformity with the unquestionable and unconditional supremacy of the Russian Constitution.

Введение. В данной статье общественная дипломатия Российской Федерации рассматривается в качестве одного из основных инструментов реализации идей и принципов современной российской «мягкой силы». В условиях сложной международной обстановки усиливается значимость реализации различных направлений деятельности общественной дипломатии. Многие из них находятся на этапе формирования, вместе с тем комплексная работа в данной области позволит укрепить позиции общественной дипломатии в качестве эффективного инструмента реализации российской «мягкой силы». Была предпринята попытка разграничить понятия «общественная дипломатия», «публичная дипломатия» и «мягкая сила». Выделены подходы российских исследователей к пониманию общественной дипломатии и направлений деятельности, выявлены наиболее реализуемые направления. Методы. Использование сравнительного метода позволило сопоставить основные особенности деятельности общественной дипломатии и реализации «мягкой силы» и установить, что средства реализации общественной дипломатии и «мягкой силы» являются в основной массе идентичными. Анализ. В результате анализа деятельности российской общественной дипломатии и ее соответствия основным принципам «мягкой силы», реализуемой современным российским правительством, выявлены отличные черты данных феноменов. Особо обращается внимание на то, что многие функции общественной дипломатии совпадают с основными задачами «мягкой силы», подчеркнута возможность дальнейшей институционализации общественной дипломатии, охарактеризованы особенности единой направленности в действиях «мягкой силы» и российской дипломатии. Результаты. В результате проведенного исследования было выявлено, что общественная дипломатия является прямым инструментом проявления «мягкой силы». В данной статье Е.Ф. Парубочей были выявлены ключевые различия в понятиях «общественная дипломатия» и «публичная дипломатия» и определена взаимосвязь российской общественной дипломатии и «мягкой силы». Н.В. Пискуновым были определены основные проявления современной российской «мягкой силы».

Blockchain is a new information technology that can be used in many areas of human activity. The fi rst and most famous example of the use of blockchain technology is the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. Today, cryptocurrency has transformed into a publicly recognized means of payment, a virtual currency that is accepted by large and small enterprises, corporations and services. Today, they conduct research and implement a number of projects using Blockchain technology in such areas as healthcare, media, electronic voting, fi le storage, smart contracts, insurance, the public sector (issuing passports, collecting taxes, registering land plots), etc. The IBM Corporation is researching Blockchain technology and is working on the creation of software, with the help of which partners will be able to conclude digital contracts that will be recorded in the global network. IBM is also implementing a project called Adept, which aims to track network-connected devices using Blockchain technology. The purpose of this article is to study the directions of using Blockchain in public policy.

Nowadays IT sphere all over the world experiences rapid growth. This situation also refers to the State of Israel that is considered to be one of the leaders in IT-startups and IT sphere in all. The development of IT has a great influence on economy of Israel and its economic development. Application software is usually defined as a main unit in information technologies. Therefore, legal protection of software becomes one of the most important issues regarding IT sphere. Intellectual property law in Israel is mostly based on British intellectual property law. International legislation concerning intellectual property also influences Israeli IP law. As in the majority of countries, in Israel software is considered as an object of copyright law and it is protected in compliance with its provisions. Copyright law is regulated by the Copyright Act passed the Knesset in 2007. The term of protection granted by this Act shall be the life of the author and seventy years after his death. In accordance with the main principle of copyright law, software has been protected since the moment the software was created. That means that software in Israel does not subject to registration or any other procedure of its kind. It is also possible to register a logo and a unique name of software as a trademark, and this can become a substantial addition to the law protection.