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"Vielfalt im Recht hat zahlreiche Facetten. Sich diesen unterschiedlichen Dimensionen anzunähern, also sozusagen die »Vielfalt der Vielfalt« aufzufächern und unterschiedliche Zugänge dazu und Perspektiven darauf aufzuzeigen, war das Anliegen einer Tagung, die im Sommer 2019 an der Universität Hamburg stattfand. Was aber verbirgt sich hinter der Idee - oder besser: den Ideen - der Vielfalt im Recht? Vielfalt kann beispielsweise ein Faktum sein, mit dem Recht umgehen muss (etwa: kulturelle Vielfalt); sie kann ein Ziel sein, das durch Recht verfolgt wird (beispielsweise: Medienpluralismus); sie kann auch eine Methode oder ein Mittel sein, mit der bzw. dem das Recht arbeitet (z.B. die Vielfalt der sozialen Träger). Diese und weitere Dimensionen werden in dem Sammelband anhand ausgewählter Teildisziplinen des Rechts beleuchtet." -- Information provided by publisher.

During the Syrian civil war the gap left by the state in providing legal identity documentation has been filled by other actors. This has forced Syrians to navigate a course through webs of interlocking identity documents to garner small benefits and manage substantial risks. The situation disproportionately affects Syrian women, particularly their parental, inheritance, and property rights.
In addition to the Syrian state, the Islamic State, the Syrian Interim Government/Syrian National Coalition, Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham's Salvation Government, the Kurdish Autonomous Administration, and Turkey in the northern Euphrates Shield zone have all issued legal identity documentation at various times during the Syrian civil war.
People need life-cycle events documented to ensure they and their children do not become stateless; to access humanitarian aid, local justice mechanisms, healthcare, and education; to ensure freedom of movement through internal checkpoints; and to conduct trade or real estate transactions.
Driven primarily by necessity, many Syrians are attempting to access official, forged, or fraudulent documents through an expensive and unreliable underworld of brokers (samasira).
Lack of documentation can mean Syrian women whose husbands have been killed, disappeared, displaced, or conscripted into the military are particularly at risk of losing or being unable to access property rights to which they are entitled.
The problem of access to and/or lack of official identity documentation is a ticking time bomb that could lead to an entire generation of Syrians being undocumented.
External states should advocate that the Syrian regime recognise prima facie the details of life-cycle events and property transactions contained in documents issued by non-state actors. This would ensure that future generations of Syrians have access to documentary evidence of these events. It would also minimise the long-term, cascading effects caused by lack of documentation.

This contribution offers an introduction into the language of rights and the role rights play in ethics and law, with special reference to the rights of children. It emerges that there are a number of very different functions characteristic of 'rights talk', both in ethics and law, and that many of them offer opportunities for strengthening appeals to moral and legal principles while others involve pitfalls that should be avoided. In conclusion, two of the theoretical questions raised by rights are addressed: whether the concept of rights can be replaced without loss by the concept of obligation, and whether rights should be seen as social constructs derived from obligations, or whether it is more plausible to reverse the order of priority.

Abstract
Rights are not redundant elements of a plausible utilitarian theory and the right to life is an inseparable companion of the rights to nourishment and to medical care. The deeper reason for this thesis is the interdependence of values concerning vitality. In this perspective it is inconsistent to say that the (normal) newborn is unable to have a right to life, but has a right to be fed. The hidden premise of Singer's rebuttal of involuntary euthanasia is a theory of rights as vetoes against imposed benefits. Without openly subscribing to such a theory there is no answer to 'logical slippery slope' arguments and no protection against dangerous 'quality of life' considerations as a basis of decisions over life and death.

The complex structures of the meaning of modern legal systems are oulined; beyond the legal rules the historical development of the modern legal dogmatics and the emergency of abstract constitutional rights enriched the law and in this way the whole meaning of a legal rule can be grasped by the judges always only through the analysis of the multi-layered structure of its meaning: the text of the rule, the legal doctrins and the constitutional rights which are the basis of the construction of the legal rules. This picture of the legal mechanisms can be named as the concept of the multi-layered legal system.

Past injustices demand a response if they have led to present deprivation. But skeptica arthe that there is no need to introduce a self-contained concept of 'historical justice' as our general concepts of justice provide all the necessary resources to deal with present inequalities. A rights-based approach to intergenerational issues has some advantages when compared to rival approaches: those based on intergenerational community, for example, or on obligations deriving from traditional continuity. While it is possible to ascribe rights to beings who are not presently in existence, the case for ascribing rights to future generations is much stronger than for past generations.