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Examines results of the conference on national reconciliation with the Islamic Salvation Front and other political movements, aimed at consolidating a political democracy; called by President Liamine Zéroual, Sept. 14-15, 1996; Algeria. Summary in English p. 207.

"An interesting collection of speeches and writings from 1990-93 by the influential, but frequently embattled, 39-year-old leader of the moderate right-wing Renovación Nacional party. Of particular interest are his thoughts on the transition to democracy, human rights abuses and national reconciliation, economic and political development, and developments within the rival Christian Democratic party"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57

The main instrument of the informal diplomacy developed by the Federal Republic of Germany since the 1960s has been political foundations. This novel creation has allowed Germany to effect an indirect & benign political influence throughout various regions of the world, without arousing suspicions or claims of interventionism. The mission of those foundations is to promote democratic ideals within host countries, by means of both academic cooperation & cultural exchange programs whose political education aim is relatively indirect. Different foundations have contributed to the democratization & sometimes even the national reconciliation of a number of Latin American countries. Mexico's experience provides an example of Germany's "soft diplomacy" success, which pursues a path different from & yet parallel to formal diplomacy. Adapted from the source document.

This is a research done on Geopolitics, about a contemporary topic in which the author uses multimethods as a methodological novelty & attempts to become a contribution for dealing with territorial & spatial problems that ail Colombia as a result of an armed conflict that has lasted for more than half century. It seemed that clearing a specific region of authority would start a process of reconciliation but the facts pointed out just the opposite, & a valuable time was wasted by surrendering sovereignty of the so called "Caguan distention zone." The approach to this subject might have been from Anthropology, Sociology & Political Science, but no form Geopolitics. This exploratory essay attempts to awaken the interest of statesmen & strategists on the Territory, which is one of the constituent elements of the State. 79 References. Adapted from the source document.

In Mexico, the electoral process is simply no longer capable of modifying the politics of government. Even though the electoral system is democratic in concept, it is not working because it does not satisfy new social needs & social identities, & is still burdened by the inertia of an authoritarian regime. As a result, the process is experiencing rapid change; it is moving from being a means of legitimizing the corporative state to one of civilized confrontation between social & political forces. It has reached the point of such degradation that mechanisms of representation cannot reproduce consensus & legitimacy, as evidenced by recent election results. To position themselves as a choice in national reconciliation & in the foundation of a new social & political order, new social actors in the electoral system need to reorganize the rules in the search for a new consensus & new legitimacy. In the meantime, the electoral crisis has opened informal channels of political participation, at the margins of the more traditional operation, & a considerable sector of civil society is active in these informal channels. M. Pflum