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Introduction -- Characteristics of bureaus -- Bureaus and their environment -- The bureaucrat's maximand -- Budget and output behavior -- Production behavior -- Comparison of organizational forms -- Effects of changes in demand and cost conditions -- Nonprofit organizations -- The "mixed" bureau -- The multi-service bureau -- Effects of the time-distribution of expenditures -- The behavior of collective organizations -- A model of the review process in representative government -- Bureaucratic behavior in a competitive environment -- An aggregative model of public services in the United States -- The basis for normative judgments -- Bureaucratic alternatives -- Market alternatives -- Political Alternatives -- A Summary Agenda.

In this powerful work, John Stuart Mill sets forth representative government as the most sensible compromise between unreflective rule by the masses and the self-indulgence of the few. The reader of this volume senses that Mill is being pulled in opposing directions: steadfastly committed to majority rule with minority rights while at the same time being just enough of an aristocrat to believe that the masses need exemplars to emulate. This edition has been carefully formatted for today's e

John Stuart Mill (1806–73) was a pioneering British politician and social reformer who is considered one of the most influential social and political theorists of the nineteenth century. His works on logic, epistemology, political philosophy, women's legal rights and economics helped shape emerging radical social and political ideas, and ensured his reputation as one of Britain's foremost radical intellectuals. This volume, first published in 1861, contains Mill's discussion of democracy and the ideal system of government. Writing during a turbulent time in British politics, Mill discusses his political theories concerning democracy and his ideal political institutions and their proper functions, and links these with contemporary political questions including franchise reform, and colonial and federal government. His thoughts concerning the limitations of democracy, the links between performing civic duties, education and voting are fully illustrated in this influential volume, which is reissued from the second edition of 1861

The thesis of this original and provocative book is that representative government should be understood as a combination of democratic and undemocratic, aristocratic elements. Professor Manin challenges the conventional view that representative democracy is no more than an indirect form of government by the people, in which citizens elect representatives only because they cannot assemble and govern in person. The argument is developed by examining the historical moments when the present institutional arrangements were chosen from among the then available alternatives. Professor Manin reminds us that while today representative institutions and democracy appear as virtually indistinguishable, when representative government was first established in Europe and America, it was designed in opposition to democracy proper. Drawing on the procedures used in earlier republican systems, from classical Athens to Renaissance Florence, in order to highlight the alternatives that were forsaken, Manin brings to the fore the generally overlooked results of representative mechanisms. These include the elitist aspect of elections and the non-binding character of campaign promises

In this powerful work, John Stuart Mill sets forth representative government as the most sensible compromise between unreflective rule by the masses and the self-indulgence of the few. The reader of this volume senses that Mill is being pulled in opposing directions: steadfastly committed to majority rule with minority rights while at the same time being just enough of an aristocrat to believe that the masses need exemplars to emulate. This edition has been carefully formatted for today's e ...

Intro -- Francois Guizot, The History of the Origins of Representative Government in Europe -- Front Matter -- Title Page -- Copyright Details -- Table of Contents, p. v -- Introduction to the Liberty Fund Edition, p. vii -- Editor's Note, p. xvii -- Preface, p. xviii -- Table of Contents, p. xxi -- Part I. Representative Institutions in England, France, and Spain, from the Fifth to the Eleventh Century -- Lecture 1 , p. 3 -- Lecture 2, p. 20 -- Lecture 3, p. 28 -- Lecture 4, p. 35 -- Lecture 5, p. 41 -- Lecture 6, p. 47 -- Lecture 7, p. 56 -- Lecture 8, p. 66 -- Lecture 9, p. 71 -- Lecture 10, p. 75 -- Lecture 11, p. 82 -- Lecture 12, p. 89 -- Lecture 13, p. 95 -- Lecture 14, p. 101 -- Lecture 15, p. 108 -- Lecture 16, p. 115 -- Lecture 17, p. 123 -- Lecture 18, p. 129 -- Lecture 19, p. 134 -- Lecture 20, p. 142 -- Lecture 21, p. 149 -- Lecture 22, p. 154 -- Lecture 23, p. 167 -- Lecture 24, p. 178 -- Lecture 25, p. 185 -- Lecture 26, p. 196 -- Part 2. Essays of Representative Government in England, from the Conquest till the Reign of the Tudors, p. 219 -- Lecture 1, p. 221 -- Lecture 2, p. 231 -- Lecture 3, p. 240 -- Lecture 4, p. 246 -- Lecture 5, p. 252 -- Lecture 6, p. 258 -- Lecture 7, p. 263 -- Lecture 8, p. 272 -- Lecture 9, p. 277 -- Lecture 10, p. 285 -- Lecture 11, p. 298 -- Lecture 12, p. 306 -- Lecture 13, p. 313 -- Lecture 14, p. 320 -- Lecture 15, p. 328 -- Lecture 16, p. 339 -- Lecture 17, p. 353 -- Lecture 18, p. 359 -- Lecture 19, p. 377 -- Lecture 20, p. 382 -- Lecture 21, p. 389 -- Lecture 22, p. 399 -- Lecture 23, p. 406 -- Lecture 24, p. 414 -- Lecture 25, p. 425 -- Index, p. 437.

The classic liberal philosopher of nineteenth century England, John Stuart Mill, used.

The study on which this book is based began in 1986 with the fifth legislative session of the Cuban municipal assemblies. The research on which the book is based was supported in part by grants from the City University of New York PSC/CUNY Research Foundation.

The chronic dissatisfaction with representative institutions makes this chronicle of the development of the English parliament, from its beginnings in the thirteenth century to the outbreak of the civil wars in the seventeenth century, a most timely work for every student of history and government. In this book George L. Haskins is primarily interested in singling out the persistent currents in English society and government in order to show shy the representative feature of parliament became its significant feature. He emphasizes the influence of the Catholic Church, the importance of compulsory self-government, and the importance of judicial procedure in the evolution of parliament. Continental Europe has witnessed the repudiation of representative institutions in several countries. Elsewhere, particularly in England and the United States, there has been a growing conviction that the parliamentary system is ill suited to present world conditions. To many, as they look into the shadow of tomorrow, the vital question--brought to sharp focus in this book--is whether representative institutions can be adapted to the needs of these turbulent times