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This article is devoted to systemizing the stages of online research development in Germany, based on analyzing the reports of the main German-language conference on online research (General online Research Conference). The article focuses on the thematic and methodical evolution of online research since 1995 till the present day, emphasizing the most popular methods and areas of science where using this type of research is widespread. The author describes the history of online research and identifies four stages of online research development in Germany: online research as a method (Stage 1); atomization of subject areas (Stage 2); technological development and methodological improvement (Stage 3); distribution of Big Data (Stage 4). The stages are arranged by year, with systemization based on the thematic and methodical orientation during a particular period. The author analyzes the features of each of the stages in terms of technological innovation. The transformation of traditional offline methods in web space is also considered in the article. Particular attention is paid to the fact that both Russian and German languages have no single conceptual apparatus, and use a very broad list of terms in their specialized literature. This was the motivation behind compiling a terminological thesaurus within this work.

The article is devoted to the study of communication processes in the public administration system. The feasibility of the study is confirmed by the fact that the global transformation of an industrial society into an information and communicative society that occurs in the modern world is accompanied not only by the rapid quantitative and qualitative transformation of the information sphere and the emergence and development of a completely new type of communicative structures and processes in all spheres of society, but and a profound rethinking of the communicative nature of social reality, modern changes in the social-communicative sphere, the place and role of communication in the development of society. As the content and structure of society, social organizations and institutions become more complex, the number of information increases (scientific, artistic, political, household, etc.). This inevitably leads to an increase in the importance of social communication in management processes, which are accompanied by a fundamental transformation not only of the technology but also of the social, sociocultural basis of the post-industrial, information society. Communication has acquired signs of the most important function of any system, including in the sphere of government, which is directly a product of human interaction, based on the achievement of mutual understanding and agreement, primarily due to communicative interactions. Communication processes are considered in the article as a key integrated system of state management of social processes in the country, the main translator of information between citizens and state institutions. According to the results of the work, the author emphasized that competent communication is one of the necessary conditions for successful government management, the effectiveness of which is comparable to the possession of advanced means of production.

Since 2005, the government funding of basic and applied research in Russia has been growing at different rates. However, no impressive results have been reached so far in high-tech production. It's share in total export volume hasn't signiicantly grow. The economy of Russia heavily depends on high-tech imports. Decreasing of the state budget in terms of economic instability and low oil prices leads to new risks and the need to ind new ways of R&D expenditures management in order to increase their effectiveness. The aim is to analyze government spending on applied research in the total research spending, in the context of government programs and codes of budget classiication and to make recommendations for improving the quality of state funding applied research. The methodology is based on analysis of budget expenditures in the context of government programs. The study has focus on the dynamics of changes in public spending on applied research in comparison with the dynamics of change in the total expenditure on science. It has revealed the changes in the amounts of applied research funding under government programs in 2014–2015. Expenditures on applied research are presented with a breakdown as per budget classiication codes. The government expenditures on applied research in the context of government programs of industrial production are analyzed. Recommendations are given how to improve the quality of budgetary spending on applied science.

Introduction. This article continues a series of publications (available at sie-journal.ru) about the results of monitoring the core shared research facilities (CSRF) and large-scale research facilities (LSRF) located in Russian organizations. We provide verified statistical data for 2019. 377 CSRF and 198 LSRF take an active role in monitoring. The results of the monitoring will be provided with the 2020 final report on the research work prepared with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Monitoring Tools. Statistical data was collected by the interviewing CSRF and LSRF representatives through forms stored on the ckp-rf.ru website. Results. The results are presented in tables and figures, providing comprehensive data about the capacities of CSRF and LSRF (amounts, costs and age of the equipment; facility personnel) as well as the usage data (quantity and types of users, utilization ratio, income for the benefit of users, number of publications and of intellectual property assets, operating costs). The results of monitoring for 2019 did not reveal nor positive nor negative trends in the development of CSRF and LSRF network. Key indicators – utilization ratio, number of users, number of publications and of intellectual property assets obtained with the use of research equipment – increased slightly. Conclusion. The results of monitoring can be used to analyze the Russian scientific infrastructure; to develop a programme of activities related to science and technology policy; to define infrastructure objects for financial support of the Government. ; For citation: Kalyuzhnyi KA. Capacities and Results of Monitoring of Core Shared Research Facilities and Large-Scale Research Facilities for 2019. Science Governance and Scientometrics. 2020;15(3):410-440. https://doi.org/10.33873/2686-6706.2020.15-3.410-440

Semantic maintenance of the concept "globalization" is examined, its wide and
narrow interpretations. It becomes firmly established that global integration is the
quantitative state of globalization, indicative on the scale of what be going on in society changes, and universalization is the description of the high-quality state of globalization. Processes of modernisation, internationalization, transnatonalization and
liberalization are methods, relations, structures and principles which accompany the
process of rapprochement of societies in global unit. Modern globalization on the
stage of technogenesis presents not simply socio-economic and socio-biospheric
process, and more vast is a technogenic socio-biospheric process of co-operation of
technogenic society, its technosphere and transformed biosphere.

The aim of this study is the analysis and development of proposals for realizing the potential of the government-commissioned research projects as a tool for goal setting and budget inancing of research and development. The authors analyze the structure of public funding for fundamental and applied research in the forms of government-commissioned projects and Federal programs. The article provides analytical review of these two instruments of budget inancing of scientiic research, including their comparability in terms of size. The article presents an analysis of the managerial capacity of the government-commissioned projects in science and technology, and the ways of their implementation. It is concluded that both in fundamental and in applied science it is possible to expand the use of the government-commissioned projects to improve the eiciency of research. The authors show that improvement of inancing and management tools along with the enhancing of research eiciency are the ways to unleash the potential of the government-commissioned research. The authors discuss the concrete steps to unlock the potential of the government-commissioned research, including expanding the range of entities eligible to bid for government-commissioned research projects, implementation of coordinated interagency and interdisciplinary government-commissioned research projects, introduction of the new operation model for the research infrastructure facilities, improving coordination of ongoing research. Recommendations for amendments to legal acts regulating scientiic-technical sphere are presented. These recommendations will help to realize the potential of government-commissioned research.