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Discusses the emergence of a patrician ruling class in England & the US with wealth & social standing due to the productive use of property. Since the 19th century, both countries are deemed patrician republics composed of a rising bourgeoisie of merchants, professionals, & manufacturers that favored a minimalist state. The rise of corporate charters, or recognition of the corporation as a civil body politic, & corporate capitalism signaled the decline of the bourgeoisie. Problems of corporate governance necessitate a new political theory. L. Collins Leigh

Marshall's theory of citizenship is criticized for being Anglocentric and evolutionist. Comparative historical analysis of industrial societies reveals not one but at least five viable strategies for the institutionalization of class conflict, here called liberal, reformist, authoritarian monarchist, Fascist and authoritarian socialist. In explaining their origin and development emphasis should be placed upon the strategies and cohesion of ruling classes and anciens régimes rather than upon those of the rising bourgeois and proletarian classes (as has been the case in much previous theory). In explaining their durability emphasis should be placed upon geo-political events, especially the two world wars, rather than on their internal efficiency. If Marshall's third stage of citizenship is a reasonably accurate description of contemporary Europe, this is primarily due to the military victories of the `Anglo-Saxon' powers.

THE AUTHOR PROFILES THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF THE RULING CLASS IN INDIA, BEGINNING WITH THE PRE-INDEPENDENCE POLITICAL CULTURE, WHICH WAS MAINLY GANDHIAN IN NATURE, EMPHASIZING SIMPLE LIVING AND HIGH THINKING.