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La criminologie a aujourd'hui une actualité traversée par de nombreuses controverses, que ce soit sur son institutionnalisation, son développement dans le cadre d'un marché de la sécurité florissant, ou les emprunts qui y ont été faits lors de lois pénales assez récentes40. La criminologie a été abordée sous une forme picaresque et colorée or, il y a un vrai phénomène criminologie à analyser, tant cette "science sociale" relève des questions qui sont de réels problèmes de société. En s'attachant à la genèse de ce savoir, nous voudrions ici précisément montrer la dimension sociologique de ces écrits, proches de l'anthropologie, portés plutôt par des médecins, quelques juristes intéressés par le social et par l'impact de leurs travaux sur les possibles transformations du monde. Palavras-chave: Ciência – Criminologia – Sociologia - França – Europa Século XIX – Política – Saberes de Governo. ; A criminologia hoje é atravessada por muita controvérsia, seja em razão de sua institucionalização, em razão de seu desenvolvimento como parte de um próspero mercado de segurança ou de empréstimos que foram feitos em leis criminais bastante recentes. A criminologia foi abordada de forma picaresca e colorida ou como forma de abordar um fenômeno criminológico real a ser analisado. De todo modo essa "ciência social" levanta questões que são problemas reais da sociedade. Ao focarmos na gênese desse conhecimento, gostaríamos aqui de mostrar precisamente a dimensão sociológica desses escritos, próximos à antropologia, praticados sobretudo por médicos, alguns juristas interessados no âmbito social e no impacto de seus trabalhos sobre as possíveis transformações do mundo. ; La criminologie a aujourd'hui une actualité traversée par de nombreuses controverses, que ce soit sur son institutionnalisation, son développement dans le cadre d'un marché de la sécurité florissant, ou les emprunts qui y ont été faits lors de lois pénales assez récentes[1]. La criminologie a été abordée sous une forme picaresque et colorée or, il y a un vrai phénomène criminologie à analyser, tant cette "science sociale" relève des questions qui sont de réels problèmes de société. En s'attachant à la genèse de ce savoir, nous voudrions ici précisément montrer la dimension sociologique de ces écrits, proches de l'anthropologie, portés plutôt par des médecins, quelques juristes intéressés par le social et par l'impact de leurs travaux sur les possibles transformations du monde. Mots-Clés: Science – Criminologie – Sociologie - France – Europe XIXème siècle – Politique – Savoirs de Gouvernement. n d'irresponsabilité pénale pour cause de trouble mental du 25 février 2008 ; Criminology today is riddled with much controversy, either because of its institutionalization, because of its development as part of a thriving security market or as loans that were made in very recent criminal laws. Criminology was approached in a picaresque and colorful way or as a way to address a real criminological phenomenon to be analyzed. In any case, this "social science" raises questions that are real problems for society. In focusing on the genesis of this knowledge, we would like here to show precisely the sociological dimension of these writings, close to anthropology, practiced mainly by doctors, some jurists interested in the social scope and the impact of their work on the possible transformations of the world.

International audience ; Human Science is required, especially since the nineteenth century to make visible "scientifically" the social. But the mobilization of knowledge is so, the relationship is often so symbiotic between knowledge production and its social, economic, political, cultural, what ultimately give the knowledge to do it is primarily concerns more or less cyclical that generate them. Social sciences, they become in the social sciences, privileged social event in which they are ultimately submerged. Criminology in the nineteenth century it is absolutely exemplary perspective. The work carried out around this discipline and its conditions developed in France in the late nineteenth century is primarily a work on the issues: academic, social, political, philosophical. The issues that this "science of crime" is going to emerge.Cesare Lombroso and Alexandre Lacassagne, we will deal with a mix of biological and social and of a discourse that feeds positivism of Comte, Pasteurian theories of interpsychology Tarde, the contingentisme Boutroux. Illustrative of this combination, we will stop on the speech specifically around the female criminal who naturalizes the look. We will stop the repeat offender, social danger par excellence, to be awarded, in a perspective of prevention, hazardous characteristics. The law of 27 May 1885 on repeat offenders relegation validate this concept by integrating it with the term of incorrigibility, irreducible wickedness. The law on transportation, eugenics law par excellence, whose main purpose is the beggar will be abandoned in 1969 .We will find this conception of the wild nature of the offender and uneducable ; Les sciences de l'homme sont requises, particulièrement depuis le XIXème siècle, pour donner à voir "scientifiquement" le social. Mais la mobilisation des savoirs se fait de telle façon, la relation est souvent si symbiotique entre la production des connaissances et ses contextes sociaux, économiques, politiques, culturels, que ce que ces savoirs donnent finalement ...

International audience ; Human Science is required, especially since the nineteenth century to make visible "scientifically" the social. But the mobilization of knowledge is so, the relationship is often so symbiotic between knowledge production and its social, economic, political, cultural, what ultimately give the knowledge to do it is primarily concerns more or less cyclical that generate them. Social sciences, they become in the social sciences, privileged social event in which they are ultimately submerged. Criminology in the nineteenth century it is absolutely exemplary perspective. The work carried out around this discipline and its conditions developed in France in the late nineteenth century is primarily a work on the issues: academic, social, political, philosophical. The issues that this "science of crime" is going to emerge.Cesare Lombroso and Alexandre Lacassagne, we will deal with a mix of biological and social and of a discourse that feeds positivism of Comte, Pasteurian theories of interpsychology Tarde, the contingentisme Boutroux. Illustrative of this combination, we will stop on the speech specifically around the female criminal who naturalizes the look. We will stop the repeat offender, social danger par excellence, to be awarded, in a perspective of prevention, hazardous characteristics. The law of 27 May 1885 on repeat offenders relegation validate this concept by integrating it with the term of incorrigibility, irreducible wickedness. The law on transportation, eugenics law par excellence, whose main purpose is the beggar will be abandoned in 1969 .We will find this conception of the wild nature of the offender and uneducable ; Les sciences de l'homme sont requises, particulièrement depuis le XIXème siècle, pour donner à voir "scientifiquement" le social. Mais la mobilisation des savoirs se fait de telle façon, la relation est souvent si symbiotique entre la production des connaissances et ses contextes sociaux, économiques, politiques, culturels, que ce que ces savoirs donnent finalement ...