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The introduction of soc sci evidence in judicial proceedings goes back to 1908 & the 'Brandeis brief'. The constitutionality of Oregon's law limiting women to an 8-hour work day in factories was being challenged on the ground that it restricted freedom of contract unreasonably & hence violated the `due process' provisions of the 14th Amendment. The Court learned from the Brandeis brief just how widespread was the belief, both from medical experts & the general community, about women's physical capacity upon which it rested its decision upholding the Oregon law. In the May, 1954 desegregation decision the Justices chose to take account of soc sci res findings in exactly the same way that their predecessors took account of the data in Brandeis's brief : to buttress their 'judicial notice' of the effects of the soc situation at the moment of decision. To outlaw segregation the court relied on a series of precedents for interpreting the 14th Amendment, not on sociol or soc psychol. It is fortunate that the Supreme Court, though it seems to have been influenced to some degree by the soc sci'ts, did not rest its protection of the rights of minorities on the largely irrelevant books & articles cited, or on the need to establish as a fact that segregation has a harmful personality effect. Nevertheless, soc sci is the courts' best means of acquiring accurate knowledge of human behavior. J. A. Fishman.

Political scientists continue to describe judicial structure in terms of organization charts and formal rules. Attention is focused almost exclusively on the Supreme Court. The judiciary is described as outside the group struggle, above and apart from the accommodation process of interest groups. This procedure is inadequate. The judiciary should be viewed in terms of the larger political and social context. A political science of public law can be developed by studying the judiciary as a facet in the group struggle and by relating the activities of judges to that of other groups. E. Scott.

Title from cover ; Published: Baltimore, Md. : For Northwestern University School of Law by the Williams & Wilkins Co., 1954-1955-1971 ; Title varies slightly ; Psychological abstracts ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Official publication of the International Association of Arson Investigators, Illinois Academy of Criminology, and Society for the Advancement of Criminology, 1951/1952-1958; of the National Association of County and Prosecuting Attorneys and the National Association of Defense Lawyers in Criminal Cases, 1959-1960; of the National District Attorneys Association and the National Association of Defense Lawyers in Criminal Cases, 1961-1967 ; Vols. 1 (1910)-61 (1970). 1 v. (Includes index to the journal under its earlier titles) ; Split into: Journal of criminal law & criminology (Baltimore, Md. : 1973), and: Journal of police science and administration

Certain basic principles which have been recognized & accepted in the soc sci's (the effect of scale & agglomeration econ's, transfer costs, etc.) are integrated into a simplified model of world hierarchical structure. The hierarchy of places & service areas is illustrated through vectors of influence & flow extending back & forth from the world primary node to the major & sub-regional primary nodes & to local community nuclei. Service areas of the nodes conforming the size & scale most efficient & appropriate for specific activities & functions are illustrated involving, eg, steel production at major regional primary nodes & elementary Sch's in the smallest service areas. With the presence of pol'al boundaries or other barriers inhibiting optimal spatial org, opportunity costs are introduced which detract from potential benefits. Recognition of the soc sci framework in which a system of world law should ideally operate must be complemented by identification of adjudicative criteria for balancing conflicting goals such as participation, efficiency & equality. Some measures of participation & analytic framework for reconciling goals are suggested. IPSA.

Certain basic principles which have been recognized and accepted in the social sciences, such as the effects of scale and agglomeration economies, transfer costs, etc., are inte grated into a simplified model of world hierarchical structure. The hierarchy of places and service areas is illustrated through vectors of influence and flow extending back and forth from the world primary node to the major and sub-regional primary nodes and to local community nuclei. Service areas of the nodes conforming to the size and scale most efficient and appropriate for specific activities and functions are illustrated in volving, for example, steel production at major regional primary nodes and elementary schools in the smallest service areas. With the presence of political boundaries or other barriers inhibiting optimal spatial organization, opportunity costs are introduced which detract from potential benefits. Recognition of the social science framework in which a system of world law should ideally operate must be complemented by identification of adjudicative criteria for balancing conflicting goals such as participation, efficiency and equality. Some measures of participation and analytic frameworks for reconciling goals are suggested.