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The study of sex characteristics in characterological types distribution of
pubertal and adolescent population showed that histeroid character traits (42,4 %)
and psychastenic character traits (20,7 %) which form a character type or a mixture
occur more often in a female sampling group; schizoid (28,8 %), epileptoid (44,7 %)
and unstable character (15,2%) traits are common for a male sampling group.
However epileptoid character traits manifestation in a population can be transient.
In general, selected groups are mainly represented by epileptoid (39%), histeroid
(34,7%) and schizoid (23,2%) character traits.

This article presents an attempt to define the framework and the possible guidelines for analyzing the influence of professional education on social stratification given the current conditions of social reality.

The author points out that the structural changes in all social institutions (including professional education and the labor market), the fluidity and dynamism of modern social reality, and conserving a dichotomy of fluidity when speaking of the Russian context – rigidity, the expansion and inflation of professional education combined with the preservation of inequality when it comes to implementing educational trajectories – all of this makes studying the connection between social stratification, professional education and social mobility ever the more relevant.

Researchers face the following acute questions: what sort of role is played by professional education in promoting or restricting an individual's social mobility? How has the expansion and inflation of education redefined the selection and allocation of human capital? In which way does the connection change between social stratification, professional education and social mobility, what are the foundations, the sociological study tradition and the theoretical-methodological prospects for the future?

In order to find answers, the author examines both traditional theoretical-methodological approaches, and ones that are new to sociology of education.

The article substantiates the notion that structural-functional theory does not possess a comprehensive explanatory potential in the study of the socio-structural role of professional education in regards to social mobility. The author substantiates the following thesis from a conflict analysis standpoint: democratizing access to professional education does not mean the reduction of class inequality or the emergence of a society of equal opportunity. Within the paradigm of an activity-related approach in sociology of education, where education is viewed not just as a separate social institution, but as part of a larger system of social action and social inequality, the definitive role of motivation and proactiveness is emphasized, with them producing a positive effect when it comes to attaining higher professional status.

The accelerating rate of change in society, the multidimensionality and polyvariance in implementing educational and professional trajectories in modern society indicate the need for a multidimensional evaluation of social mobility. In regards to the topic of education, and when it comes to analyzing the implementation of educational trajectories, professional education represents a vital condition and a necessary prerequisite for an individual to exercise social mobility both in terms of objective and subjective coordinates of mobility, and in regards to research methods and methodology, this demands synthesizing quantitative and qualitative research strategies, and, consequently, opens up new opportunities for interpreting results and perceiving social reality.

The article highlights the role of international standards in criminal justice. The authors states that international standards are the social tool for correction of penitentiary policy of the state, ease of mechanism of state enforcement (namely in separate detention of some criminals). The implementation of recognized international standards, methods and work conditions of penitentiary organizations plays a great role of the development of this sphere.

Bis heute wird der Tod Karls VI. und der Regierungsantritt Maria Theresias 1740 als eine einschneidende Zäsur in der österreichischen Geschichte gesehen. Doch nun stellt sich vor dem Hintergrund eines weitergefassten Schnittstellenbegriffes (Reinhart Koselleck) die Frage, ob der zweifellos grundlegende Wandel zwischen 1720 und 1780 nicht differenzierter gesehen werden muss. Ausgehend vom Raum des Wiener Hofes, an dem der Herrscherwechsel in seinen Auswirkungen am ehesten dokumentiert werden kann, wird aus der Sicht sogenannten Hofkünste versucht, Kontinuitäten und Diskontinuitäten aufzuzeigen. ; Until today, the death of Charles VI and Maria Theresia's ascending the throne 1740 is seen as a major turning point in Austrian history. But now is the question of whether in different "layers" and "rooms" without doubt fundamental change between 1720 and 1780 not differentiated must be seen against the background of the concept of interface ("Sattelzeit"/Reinhart Koselleck). On the basis of the space "Viennese court", where the change of rulers in its effects most likely can be documented, attempts from the perspective of different disciplines (the so called "Hofkünste" – literature/poetry, arts, theatre/dance, music) point out continuities and discontinuities.

Problem and purpose. Along with the obvious benefits, the digitalization of society carries its own risks. At the same time, in modern psychology there is not enough information about the differences in representations of such risks in different cultures. The purpose of the article is to empirically verify the assumption about the dependence of risk perceptions on the socio-cultural context. Methodology. The empirical part of the study was carried out through questionnaires, collected in different universities in three countries during academic and scientific visits (Russia: n = 112, Romania: n = 94, Brazil: n = 98) and drafting the evaluation reports of social risks perceptions (Abric coefficient). During the translation of the questionnaires, we used the focus group method and the method of translation of psychodiagnostic tools and questionnaires (S.V. Kudrya). Results. The data obtained showed that perceptions of risks depend on general perceptions of risks in the culture of a given country, legislation in the field of Internet security, as well as the duration and experience of interaction in social networks of the Internet. Thus, the" core " of the social representation of Russian and Romanian students about the results of risky behavior on the Internet are unproductive behavior in the information environment (TCP-92); demonstration of indifference (TCP-78) or aggressiveness (TCP-75), and for the Brazilian sample, the demonstration of psychological affliction is more typical (TCP-65). In addition, the lexical-semantic analysis of terms and concepts in the field of riskology used for empirical survey of students showed the presence of semantic cross-cultural differences in their understanding. Discussion and conclusion. The data obtained allow us to say that social perceptions of risks are influenced by socio-cultural and legislative peculiarities: The empirical part of the study showed a clear difference between the "core" and "periphery" both in the cross-cultural dimension and within the country samples. ...

The article analyzes transformational sociocultural, political and ideological processes in a number of regions of the country and in the mass consciousness — in a changing reality — on the basis of a monitoring study carried out by the Center for the Sociology of Ideological and Sociocultural Processes of the ISPI FNISC RAS in recent years (2022–2023). among residents of the Northwestern Federal District, Central Federal District, Southern Federal District and Volga Federal District. It demonstrates, for example, the state of the sociocultural sphere and the place of values in it, its relationship and interdependence with political reality, the degree to which various types of values are ensured — human rights and freedoms, security, social security, humanitarian, cultural, spiritual and moral, religious, etc.
The transformation processes occurring within the framework of the sociocultural, political and ideological situation in the country and in the mass consciousness have been comprehensively studied, including using the provisions of the current state program on the Fundamentals of State Policy for the preservation and strengthening of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 809 of November 9, 2022), as well as the dynamics of the relationship between relevant processes and values of various types — traditional cultural, spiritual and moral, political democratic. The tools of the relevant studies included questions concerning, in particular, the assessment of the political, sociocultural in the country, in the conditions of a changing reality, as well as aspects of ensuring the main humanitarian values — human rights and freedoms, security, social protection, etc.

This paper analyzes the features of formation of the deputy corps of the representative bodies in Tatarstan with an emphasis on gender. In the focus of the study were the election campaign of the President of Tatarstan and the federal, regional and local elections. The conclusion is made about a not enough developed gender-sensitive policy in the republic.
Оксана Красильникова; Красильникова, Оксана

Die Studie untersucht - gleichsam zwischen 'Schrift und Bild' - die Spezifika von Sozialität innerhalb von Social Network Sites. Der Komplexität dieser Forschungsfrage wird durch eine Forschungskonzeption entsprochen, die Diskurse der Selbstthematisierung, der sozialen Aushandlungsprozesse und der Medienumgebung reziprok betrachtet. Das Forschungsdesign basiert auf der Grounded Theory und verbindet somit sukzessiv und iterativ sowohl theoretische als auch qualitativ empirische Perspektiven auf Sozialität. Daraus resultiert eine detaillierte Beschreibung der Sozialität in Social Network Sites, die darüber hinaus die Konstruktion des sozialen Raums und die Relevanz sozialer Kontinuität diskutiert.

The paper presents an experience of research of a complex identity as identificationof a conflict between civil European and religious Islamic cultures. Social identity isa person's representation of himself/herself in social structures of different scales:national, ethnic, and religious. It is proved that religious identification forms social,as well as personal identity of a Muslim.The authors consider the development of Islamic personal identity in the processof self-identifying reflection and intragroup and extragroup relations in the religiouscommunity. The parameters of identity are defined by: a) individual interpretation ofIslam by the religious person, b) interpretation of Islam in the religious community,c) relations between the religious person, community and other social groups.The concept of a complex social identity (S. Roccas, M. Brewer) was a theoreticalconstruct used for determining the compatibility of civil and religious identity andevaluating its complexity. The study involved Muslims with different levels of Islamicpersonal identity: missing, determined, found and acquired.The study established the tendency of the reduction in the level of civil socialidentity under the influence of the religious identity of people who identified themselveswith Islam. The problem of their social identity was studied in metaphors of conflictand balance from the European social and psychological practice. The metaphor ofconflict is based on the impossibility of acculturation of the Islamic communities andpredicts the development of destructive relations between the religious people, theirreligious communities, and other social groups. The metaphor of balance presupposesthe collapse of Islamic personal identity as a result of the reduction of radicalism inthe religious communities and encouragement of individualization of Muslims bymeans of political, social, and cultural recognition in the society. ; Данная статья представляет опыт исследования сложной социальной идентичности как индикатора конфликта между европейской светской и исламской религиозной культурами. Социальная идентичность рассматривается как репрезентация себя человеком в социальных структурах различных масштабов: национальных, этнических, религиозных. Однако показано, что религиозная идентификация формирует не только социальную, но и личностную идентичность мусульманина. Развитие исламской личностной идентичности рассматривается в процессах самоидентифицирующей рефлексии, внутригрупповых и внешнегрупповых отношений в религиозной общине. Параметры идентичности определяются: а)индивидуальной интерпретацией ислама верующим; б)интерпретацией ислама в религиозной общине; в)отношениями между верующим, общиной, а также другими социальными группами. Концепция сложной социальной идентичности (S.Roccas,M.Brewer) применяется в качестве теоретического конструкта для определения совместимости гражданской и религиозной идентичностей, оценки степени ее сложности. Исследование проводится на выборке мусульман с различным уровнем исламской личностной идентичности: отсутствующим, предопределенным, найденным и обретенным. В результате определена тенденция снижения уровня гражданской социальной идентичности, под влиянием религиозной, у людей, личностно идентифицировавшихся с исламом. Проблема построения их социальной идентичности рассмотрена в метафорах конфликта и баланса, эксплицированных из европейской социально-психологической практики. Конфликтная метафора построена на невозможности аккультурации исламских общин и прогнозирует развитие деструктивных отношений между верующими, их религиозными общинами и другими социальными группами. Метафора баланса предполагает распад исламской личностной идентичности вследствие снижения радикализации общин верующих, поощрения индивидуализации мусульман путем политического, социально-культурного признания в обществе.

The development of society in the context of globalization determines the need to search for the possibility of combining the universalization and localization of geoculture. These processes of globalization have an impact on the content and forms of transformation of the Eurasian geocultural space. The problem field of research is connected with the objective need to analyze the evolution of geoculture, to understand geoculture as a system characterizing the relations of general civilization universals and local specifics. The application of the civilizational approach makes it possible to identify trends in the socio-cultural development of local communities in the geocultural space, to solve the problems of coherence of locality and globality. Local communities are in a transitional stage of their development due to industrial, economic, institutional and socio-cultural processes, changes and the introduction of unusual patterns of life attitudes. It is shown that local communities in the process of transformation unite into a specific socio-territorial location. On the one hand, in their development, local communities are subject to the general laws of transformation in the context of global and regional restructuring. On the other hand, models of socio-cultural behavior are formed depending on the resources and technologies available to the community, expressed in an attempt to preserve the traditional way of life.

Assimilation of local cultures is accompanied by polarization of geocultural space, which contributes to the development of isolation and diversification of sociocultures. Geocultural processes influence the transformation of value-normative attitudes, contribute to the growth of social stratification, and increase social inequality. The socio-cultural tradition on which the life of local communities is built legitimizes the primacy of the community over the individual. Closed society, resists modernization processes. In geoculture, consensus about the foundations of life and the goals of the community is disappearing. The development of a multicultural world exacerbates the problem of understanding and preserving the socio-cultural identity of local communities. The study of the emerging geocultural models of the development of local communities determines the possibilities of theoretical substantiation of alternative scenarios for modeling the transformation of socio-cultural identity.