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The article analyzes the «active» approach to the description of human potential and the system of readiness of individuals and communities to perform social roles and functions, such as needs and abilities. While human potential is based on» abilities «and abilities are based on» needs», the category of capital is embodied as» choice», that is, the mechanism that manages needs and abilities. Also, when interpreting the socio-economic aspects of human and collective characteristics, the «purchase» function (material wealth, knowledge, social relations, infl uence) is currently used, which is the basis of their capital needs, and since economic resources, i.e. real estate, stocks, business aspects, etc., have been studied using sociological classifi cations that embody current trends. The potential unity and integrity of the chosen society or state is formed primarily by its ethnic and national-cultural composition, and the meaning of life is provided. Another important component — the need to maintain professionalism and contributing to the demographic jump, is the «labor» factor. Work is an activity in which individuals and communities create products and services of individual, social significance. In sociology, the sectoral component of human capital is provided by the norms, rules, trust relationships, mutual obligations, responsibility, and solidarity that govern social relations between people. These centers can be called collective unifying forces of human potential and capabilities. In the context of Uzbekistan, this is done by the mahalla system, which is recognized as a self-governing body. The main objectives of the development of the network component of human capital are to maintain and strengthen direct links with the social environment on a positive basis, reduce or eliminate negative aspects, and achieve systematic development of the potential of individuals and communities. Socio-cultural and economic-political changes in society have a unique impact on each person and are reflected in public opinion. Needs and interests lead to the formation of a paternalistic attitude of the state to public opinion, and it largely justifies itself for the implementation of social capital.

Статья посвящена варварству в отношении гербов — их диффамации со стороны как мужчин, так и женщин, как частными лицам, так и главами корпораций. В качестве примера была приведена территория испанского вице-королевства Новая Гранада в конце XVIII – начале XIX вв. На основании проведённого исследования делаются некоторые выводы. Во-первых, общим у мужчин и женщин, совершавших варварские поступки — диффамацию гербов и других знаков власти, было чувство вины за бунт против короля как отца нации. Психологический комплекс, который они не могли изжить годами. Во-вторых, женщины вдохновляли, призывали к диффамации, и действовали собственным примером, в отличие от мужчин, которые приказывали и преимущественно действовали чужими руками, и лишь, в крайнем случае, собственными. Это характерно не только по отношению к государственным знакам власти, но и к корпоративным (гербам городов). В-третьих, социальное положение варваров, совершавших диффамацию гербов, было различным, и не имело никакого значения. В-четвёртых, при диффамации гербов, знамён, и других знаков власти, мужчины предлагали альтернативу — изобретённые ими, или в их окружении, гербы и знамёна, женщины же такой альтернативы не предлагали. Это говорит о том, что женское злонамеренное варварство было более агрессивным, чем мужское.
The article is devoted to barbarism in relation to coats of arms — their defamation by both men and women, both by private individuals and heads of corporations. As an example, was given the territory of the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Granada in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Based on the study, there are some conclusions. First, the common thing among men and women who committed barbaric acts — defamation of coats of arms and other signs of power, was a sense of guilt for rebelling against the king as the father of the nation. A psychological complex that they could not get rid of for years. Secondly, women inspired, called for defamation, and acted by their own example, in contrast to men, who ordered and mostly acted with someone else's hands, and only as a last resort, with their own. This is typical not only in relation to state signs of power, but also to corporate ones (coats of arms of cities). Thirdly, the social status of the barbarians who defamated the coats of arms was different and did not matter. Fourthly, when defamating coats of arms, banners, and other signs of power, men offered an alternative — coats of arms and banners invented by them, or in their environment, women did not offer such an alternative. This suggests that female malevolent barbarism was more aggressive than male.

Ideas presented in the article philosophers of classical type of scientific knowledge about the nature and forms of interaction between people in society so far have their enduring significance. In the depths of the classical approaches in social philosophy were formulated system of ideas, samples, determining the comparison and understanding of the basic aspects and spheres of life: nature, society, people's lives, their work, knowledge, ideals and values. Accordingly, it appears, and the content of public relations and relations of people as structure based on a set of mandatory guidelines. At the same time, we see that in each of these approaches provides a set of questions, the answers to which have to find a new problem field, the drop in current scientific debates.

The article is devoted to an actual problem – distance learning. Distance learning is a qualitatively new progressive type of training based on modern information technologies and means of communication, the rapid surge of which is caused by the pandemic that has engulfed most of the planet.
Interest in the study of the realities of post-industrial society is dictated by the need to study the nature of the transformations that occur with a person under the influence of those technological changes that have penetrated into all spheres of human existence: on the one hand, a new environment is being formed, opening up unlimited opportunities for the accumulation and transmission of information, communication in electronic network communities, on the other – these acquisitions carry potential threats and risks in both the distant and foreseeable future, and to a greater extent, in our opinion, the expected consequences of global modernization pose the greatest threat to such a specific area as education.
The subject that caused the greatest number of the most acute discussions was the impact of distance learning on the quality of training of future specialists, on the degree of development of their communication skills. The main task of the article is to justify and argue distance learning as a new form of learning, to identify its problems and positive aspects.
The article presents an analysis of theoretical approaches to distance learning for Russian and foreign researchers. Based on the results of a sociological study, the attitude of students to distance learning is revealed, and their assessment of the degree of development of their own communication skills in remote learning is obtained. The authors conclude that distance learning to a certain extent becomes a risk factor, depriving students of the opportunity to develop the qualities that modern conditions require of them: self-organization, self-control, and communication skills. Despite the fact that distance learning has become an integral part of the educational process, we are convinced that this form should only be a part, a component of the educational process, a "safety cushion" in a situation of force majeure. The leading form of educational classes at the university should remain the traditional classroom form of conducting classes as the only form that can prepare a person for life and successful functioning in a risk society

The article reflects the main aspects that should be taken into account in developing and changing the regulation of intellectual property sphere. Being harmful in some aspects, piracy also has a number of properties that can be useful for copyright owners: information, network and indirect effects. The paper presents a mathematical model showing the case where the protection of intellection activity result can cause more damage to public welfare than piracy itself. The findings show a need for tools more flexible than the intellectual property system so that every copyright owner can choose the required level of protection.

Social networks are intended to enhance interpersonal communication. Yet, de facto, they transform traditional "eye-to-eye" communication into something entirely new. Its actual qualities and parameters should be studied from a new perspective. The eye-to-eye conversation implies a number of aspects discussed in phenomenology and interdisciplinary studies of non-verbal communication. Much has been written on such communication by Husserl, Heidegger, Buber, Merleau-Ponty, Podoroga and others. Social value obtained by the participant in social networking is simulative and the meaning of verbal expression does not correspond to the field of signifiers by means of verification. Social networks deconstruct the very status of Logos and offer the new rules of communication.

The nature and pace of social changes, global challenges and threats, the constant reproduction of social risks – all of these things speak to the problematic nature of the world's current social portrait. This allows us to point out that today, despite all of civilization's achievements, certain problems associated with the social well-being of a person, and society as a whole, remain unresolved. Social well-being is a multifactor construct, which itself is the result of a synthesis of causes and effects, a joining of objective and subjective factors; we are dealing with a systemic phenomenon, the categorization of which is distinguished by various facets and components which determine a person's social well-being, the degree of public safety and modern value-normative implications. In conjunction these parameters define and bring a person's social well-being to the forefront of the research and political agenda. The authors of this article insist that the study of the effect which objective processes occurring in society have on social well-being must be conducted in parallel with studying its subjective component, namely – a person's subjective evaluation of this construct's various aspects. Aside from that, special practical relevance is attributed to matters concerning the study of issues of social well-being in various social groups and cohorts, as well as within the regional context. Primorsky Krai, being part of the Far Eastern Federal District, possesses a distinct geographical, socio-economic and demographical specificity, while being an object of government strategic interests and goals; this is a territory where a plethora of innovative solutions aimed at stimulating the region's socio-economic development are being initiated and implemented. Nonetheless, despite the government's best efforts, the social effectiveness of these measures is not as pronounced as the current situation calls for them to be. The region is still in a state of demographic depression, with there being distinct sector-specific socio-economic and management issues. The article cites data collected by its authors while studying the subjective evaluation of the social well-being of Primorsky Krai's population. A regional-scale quantitative study was conducted in May of 2019 by means of questionnaire survey (n=780). The results of this study of the population's satisfaction with various aspects of life are generally favorable, with certain disparities having been recorded based on age and gender.

The article examines the issues of the modernization of the system of social services for the population in the framework of the implementation of the Federal Law «On the Basics of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation.» The subject of the analysis is the legal norms governing the specifics of the provision of social services. The innovations in the service system that have occurred within the framework of the adoption of the new legislation of the Russian Federation are considered in detail. Positive changes in social policy required bringing the sphere of legal regulation of the system in line with the modern stage of the development of society. The important innovations are in the legislative requirements to the organization of social services, the parameters for assessing citizens in need, and the determination of per capita indicators for financing the services. However, along with positive aspects, in practice there are some shortcomings concerning, in particular, the imperfection of the delineation of powers between the Russian Federation and its constituent entities, the lack of legal norms on many social services, their clear normative quality indicators, shortcomings in the system for identifying those in need, problems of law enforcement in the sphere of implementation of certain forms of social services, etc. All these issues dictate the need for further improvement of some of its provisions, the introduction of innovative technologies in the field of social services to the population with the study and application of successful domestic practice and foreign experience, as well as further development of methodological and regulatory framework. The substantial component of the modernization of the system is services that increase the vector of social subjectivity of the needy categories of the population and ensure the improvement of their life and social comfort, and the fact that the institutionalization of the system of social services in the service sector contributes to the expansion of its capabilities in modern conditions.

The article gives an overview of the changes taking place during 1917 in the social structure of Russian society. Throughout 1917, three independent systems of organization and interaction between social groups had been distinguished: firstly, a fairly clear social division of society, traditional for Russia and preserved until the fall of the monarchy; secondly, a noticeable erosion of the class structure of the population during the period of the Provisional Government and the Soviets, which led to the formalization of class distinctions; thirdly, a new class division of society was observed for the country as one of the natural results of the October Revolution of 1917. During the period under review, one of the aspects of social inequality was transformed: inequality in the scope of the rights and freedoms of different social groups. Three different models for determining the legal status of the population were identified. In the monarchical period of 1917, there were quite profound differences in the scope of the rights of subjects – the estate principle laid at the heart of inequality. At the stage of the existence of a democratic republic, the class principle of inequality remained, but the difference in the scope of rights and freedoms was actively erased. The Soviet Republic switched to the class principle of social inequality, and deepened the difference in the legal status of classes to the ultimate level. The rate of such changes is completely uncharacteristic of the social structure and is explained by a whole complex of assumptions that provoked an incredibly fast and radical transformation that can be traced throughout 1917.

In this paper, a study of the socio-economic situation of persons experiencing "sandwich syndrome" is carried out. The work includes a critical analysis of the literature on the impact of the "sandwich syndrome" on various aspects of human life, as well as an empirical analysis of the prevalence, demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the "sandwich syndrome" in Russia.

The article presents the results of studying the functions of urban micro-districts according to their residents' assessments. We did a mapping of urban space based on a population survey conducted in Yekaterinburg (n = 3570) and developed a composite ratings method. The rating of micro-districts as places of residence included the residents' satisfaction with different aspects of life; emotional attitude towards micro-districts; choosing the best residential micro-district in the city. The rating of microdistricts as places of labor included such indicators as popularity of the micro-district as a place of labor among the working respondents; the number of facilities in close proximity to the workplace that are used by working citizens; stability when it comes to choosing the micro-district as a workplace. The rating of micro-districts as places of leisure activities was based on the ratings of shopping centers (SC) and leisure areas (LA). We analyzed that portion of respondents who marked SC/LA as frequently visited; the number of micro-districts where visitors come to SC/LA from; the proportion of citizens coming to SC/LA from other micro-districts. The results of the study suggest that there are both multifunctional and mono-functional districts. The central micro-district is considered by residents to be the most attractive in regards to all functions. We identified the controversial tendencies for developing and perceiving urban space, which arise in the aftermath of planned industrial development. We came to the conclusion that modern processes of citizens' and enterprises' self-organization have given rise to the compensatory 'redefinition' of urban space, which manifests itself in the increasing functional and symbolic value of the city center and a growing number of new (non-industrial) second-tier centers.

This article examines the main aspects of social partnership between government and business in order to support the social stability of the northern regions of Russia. The main provisions of federal resettlement programs from the Far North regions are considered.

This article discusses the pedagogical aspect of the category of "moral choice",
revealed the potential of educational and developmental moral choice as a means of
educating morally stable person.

The relevance of this article is determined by the need to identify and concretize the challenges and threats to the regional security of the post-Soviet space and the national security of modern Russia. One of the insuffi ciently studied aspects of the modern theory of international relations is the problem of fi nding an adequate answer to the external information and psychological impact on the national interests of the Russian Federation in its "near abroad".

In article features of religious formation of the Ural cossacks (XIX – the beginning of XX centuries) are considered. The characteristic of conditions of functioning
of religious educational establishments is given. Some aspects of teaching and educational process, position of teachers and pupils are revealed.The author has made an attempt to define the importance of influence of religious formation on cultural progress of the Ural cossacks (XIX – the beginning of XX centuries).