Социально-экологические проблемы современности ; Равенство между мужчинами и женщинами в сфере экономики, доступа к образованию, услугам здравоохранения, сфере обеспечения политических прав и свобод является одним из важнейших в мире индикаторов уровня демократизации общества. Содействие гендерному равенству способствует устойчивому развитию экономических и социальных систем. Тем не менее, ни у одной страны мира не получилось добиться полного равноправия между мужчинам и женщинами = Equality between men and women in the field of economy, education, health and politics is the most important indicator of the level of democratization of society. Promotion of gender equality contributes to the sustainable development of economic and social system. But not country in the world, could not achieve this
The article examines in detail the problems associated with the development of Buddhism, which introduced a personal aspect to religion and embodied the idea of the need for compassion for all living beings. A special place is occupied by the analysis of the moral and social component of this religion. Buddhism is seen as a protest movement that originated in India and is directed against the frozen hierarchy, mechanical ritualism and greed of the Brahmins. This religion challenged the Brahmin hierarchy, appealing primarily to warriors, kings, and the mass of the free population. The Buddhist community was a brotherhood of mendicant monks who did not perform any rituals, but only showed people the way to salvation by the example of their lives. Buddhism is also one of the radical reformist teachings, not only intellectually, but also socially. He called people, first of all, to inner perfection, the last stage of which can be achieved only through kindness and benevolence to all living beings. The central point of this article is devoted to the debate about the reality of the Buddha's existence, his teaching and the transformations of this teaching. A significant place is given to the description of the way of life of Buddhist monks, the relationship within the Buddhist community and with the laity. The reasons for the attractiveness of Buddhism and its easy adaptability to other religious doctrines are substantiated. The possibilities of transformation of Buddhism, including within the framework of syncretic creeds, as well as in the activities of totalitarian and pseudo-religious sects, are shown. Examples of the politicization of this religion and its inclusion in the activities of fundamentalist organizations are given. ; В статье детально рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с развитием буддизма, который привнес в религию личностный аспект и воплотил идею о необходимости сострадания ко всем живым существам. Особое место занимает анализ нравственной и социальной составляющей данной религии. Буддизм рассматривается как протестное движение, зародившееся в Индии, и направленное против застывшего иерархизма, механической обрядовости и корыстолюбия брахманов. Эта религия поставила под сомнение брахманскую иерархию, апеллировал в первую очередь к воинам, царям и массе свободного населения. Буддистская община представляла собой братство нищенствующих монахов, которые не совершали никаких обрядов, а лишь примером своей жизни указывали людям путь к спасению. Буддизм — это также одно из радикальных реформистских учений не только в интеллектуальном, но и в социальном аспектах. Он призывал людей, прежде всего, к внутреннему совершенствованию, последней ступени которого можно достичь лишь благодаря доброте и доброжелательности ко всем живым существам. Центральное место в данной статье посвящено спору о реальности существования Будды, его учению и трансформациям этого учения. Значительное место отводится описанию образа жизни буддийских монахов, взаимоотношениям внутри буддийской общины и с мирянами. Обоснованы причины привлекательности буддизма и его легкой адаптивности к другим религиозным доктринам. Показаны возможности трансформации буддизма, в том числе и в рамках синкретических вероучений, а также в деятельности тоталитарных и псевдорелигиозных сект. Приведены примеры политизации этой религии и ее включения в активность фундаменталистских организаций.
The article highlights the results of the survey carried out among the parents of the children, who attend preschool education institutions (PEI) in Krasnodar and PEI employees, who are involved in the evaluation of the children's health and rehabilitation process. The authors defined a social portrait of the families whose children attend municipal PEIS. They identified that most parents are rather well aware of the medical issues. Acute sick rate of the preschool age is high, as about 15% of children have already acquired a chronic pathology in the form of a confirmed diagnosis. The authors also established a dependence of the sick rate among the preschool children on the age, at which they were enrolled to the PEI and living conditions. All the parents are worried about the health of their children and would like to enhance it. Most respondents believe that PEI preventive programs should be financed by the government.Key words: preschool children, health status, preventive medical care, public opinion poll. ; В статье представлены результаты социологического опроса родителей детей, посещающих дошкольные образовательные учреждения (ДОУ) г. Краснодара, и сотрудников ДОУ, имеющих непосредственное отношение к оценке состояния здоровья детей и процессу оздоровления. Определен социальный портрет семей, дети которых посещают муниципальные ДОУ. Выявлено, что большинство родителей достаточно информированы в медицинских вопросах. Острая заболеваемость детей дошкольного возраста высока, около 15% детей уже имеют хроническую патологию в виде подтвержденного диагноза. Установлена зависимость частоты заболеваемости детей дошкольного возраста от возраста поступления в ДОУ, от условий проживания. Все родители обеспокоены состоянием здоровья детей и хотели бы его улучшить. Большинство опрошенных считают, что оздоровительные программы в ДОУ должны финансироваться государством.Ключевые слова: дети дошкольного возраста, состояние здоровья, профилактическая медицинская помощь, социологический опрос. (Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2008;5(4):65-69)
The article reveals the relevance of studying information security, as well as examines external and internal threats to ensuring it. The difficulties that occur in this case are analyzed. A positive model of the development of society is associated with this type of security, so it is no coincidence that the most important task is to create a fullfledged theory of information security. Without this, it is impossible to speak about the effective elimination of a number of negative consequences of the process of society informatization. In this context, an extremely important task is to ensure the protection of children from information psychological and destructive threats, including overcoming the Internet and other types of information dependence. Information security theory is an integral part of social security psychology. For its complete design, there is still a lot to be done both in theoretical and applied terms. First of all, the creation of a national information platform is meant. Currently, there is an urgent need to develop competence in the field of information security not only among professionals, but also among various groups of the population.
В статье рассматриваются процессы законодательного развития в сфере соблюдения и защиты прав инвалидов. Основной задачей юридического образования является подготовка юристов, призванных в своей практической деятельности защищать конституционные права и свободы граждан. Знания и соблюдение законных прав социально уязвимых слоев населения восстанавливают социальную справедливость в обществе, что должно учитываться в социальном правовом государстве. ; The article examines the processes of legislative development in the field of observance and protection of the rights of persons with disabilities. The main task of legal education is to train lawyers who are called upon to protect the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens in their practice. Knowledge and respect for the legal rights of socially vulnerable segments of the population restore social justice in society, which should be taken into account in a social legal state
The article deals with legitimacy in historical and social aspects, paying attentionto the connection of legitimacy with the law-making activities of the state. The problemsof legality of the country's history are consistently investigated: in the Old Russianstate (IX–XII centuries), the Sobornoye Ulozheniye of 1649, legislative acts of the RussianEmpire until the end of XVII – beginning of XX centuries. ; В статье рассматривается законность в историческом и социальном аспектах.Обращается внимание на связь законности с правотворческой деятельностью государства. Последовательно исследуются вопросы законности в отечественнойистории: в Древнерусском государстве (IX–XII вв.), Соборном Уложении1649 года, законодательных актах Российской Империи вплоть концаXVII – начала XX вв.
Environmental protection is considered an important element in most religions. The article is devoted to the philosophical understanding of the problem of the influence of religion on the environment, human behavior and attitude to nature. Religion has always touched upon the problem of the relationship between man and the world around him. In the existing religious traditions, various ideals of the relationship between man and nature have been formed. As a result, the ideological functions of religion acquire special significance. In our time, religions can be a spiritual source for the development and formation of environmental ethics and natural aesthetics. Religious ethics awakens in people a consciousness that is different from material and technological thinking. Religion helps people understand that their control over the living and inanimate world is unlimited and that cruelty towards nature will turn to them. Religion teaches people that the purpose of life is not to maximize consumption. While technology gives man the physical strength to create or destroy the world, religion teaches virtue. Directly or indirectly, religion can be a powerful source of environmental protection. Therefore, we need to use the power of the influence of religion to protect nature. The nature of the influence of religion on the current state and development of society largely depends on the relationship between people of different faiths. The religious consciousness of people developed in the direction of knowledge of the world and its laws, methods of practical use. Some religious ideologies deify human nature and reflect people's responses to their environment. Religion, as a form of social consciousness, has always, in one way or another, taken care of man's relationship with the natural world, traditionally expressed a certain moral and ethical concern for the environment and determined the moral obligations of man in relation to the environment.
Studying the network of interpersonal and intergroup interactions between individuals / groups of individuals is carried out with the help of mathematical models. This type of study is called cluster-network analysis. In this article, based on years of his own research in this area is represented by adapting the analysis of networking in terms of social philosophy. Inconclusive nature of the relationship stratification in online communities and describes a method of calculation of social capital.
The article is devoted to the actual problem of social services for elderly citizens at home. The whole social service system requires modernization based on the principles of providing social services to form motivation for active longevity and to develop social interaction of the elderly. The article deals with the issues of socialization of older people, its features, objective and subjective factors, the opinions of scientists on the factors, typology of socialization. There are presented the main problems of elderly people receiving services of social service institutions in the Russian Federation, identified on the basis of statistical data. There are outlined directions of the State strategy for development of the system of social services for older generation, improvement of their quality of life and active longevity under the conditions of socio-economic crisis. The author uses the results of own sociological survey of408 elderly respondents receiving social services in the social service institutions for the elderly. The importance of the services related to maintaining healthy and socially active longevity, organization of life and leisure, constructive interaction with relatives, for successful socialization of elderly people is shown. It is established that the most intensive socialization occurs in the process of providing social and socio-medical services. The dominant setting of elderly people is preservation of health; at the same time, it is the state of health that mostly determines the success of socialization of the elderly. For their active and healthy longevity elderly people prefer primarily cultural, educational, sports activities. However, many rely on the support of social service organizations.
The study of sex characteristics in characterological types distribution of pubertal and adolescent population showed that histeroid character traits (42,4 %) and psychastenic character traits (20,7 %) which form a character type or a mixture occur more often in a female sampling group; schizoid (28,8 %), epileptoid (44,7 %) and unstable character (15,2%) traits are common for a male sampling group. However epileptoid character traits manifestation in a population can be transient. In general, selected groups are mainly represented by epileptoid (39%), histeroid (34,7%) and schizoid (23,2%) character traits.
This article presents an attempt to define the framework and the possible guidelines for analyzing the influence of professional education on social stratification given the current conditions of social reality.
The author points out that the structural changes in all social institutions (including professional education and the labor market), the fluidity and dynamism of modern social reality, and conserving a dichotomy of fluidity when speaking of the Russian context – rigidity, the expansion and inflation of professional education combined with the preservation of inequality when it comes to implementing educational trajectories – all of this makes studying the connection between social stratification, professional education and social mobility ever the more relevant.
Researchers face the following acute questions: what sort of role is played by professional education in promoting or restricting an individual's social mobility? How has the expansion and inflation of education redefined the selection and allocation of human capital? In which way does the connection change between social stratification, professional education and social mobility, what are the foundations, the sociological study tradition and the theoretical-methodological prospects for the future?
In order to find answers, the author examines both traditional theoretical-methodological approaches, and ones that are new to sociology of education.
The article substantiates the notion that structural-functional theory does not possess a comprehensive explanatory potential in the study of the socio-structural role of professional education in regards to social mobility. The author substantiates the following thesis from a conflict analysis standpoint: democratizing access to professional education does not mean the reduction of class inequality or the emergence of a society of equal opportunity. Within the paradigm of an activity-related approach in sociology of education, where education is viewed not just as a separate social institution, but as part of a larger system of social action and social inequality, the definitive role of motivation and proactiveness is emphasized, with them producing a positive effect when it comes to attaining higher professional status.
The accelerating rate of change in society, the multidimensionality and polyvariance in implementing educational and professional trajectories in modern society indicate the need for a multidimensional evaluation of social mobility. In regards to the topic of education, and when it comes to analyzing the implementation of educational trajectories, professional education represents a vital condition and a necessary prerequisite for an individual to exercise social mobility both in terms of objective and subjective coordinates of mobility, and in regards to research methods and methodology, this demands synthesizing quantitative and qualitative research strategies, and, consequently, opens up new opportunities for interpreting results and perceiving social reality.
The article highlights the role of international standards in criminal justice. The authors states that international standards are the social tool for correction of penitentiary policy of the state, ease of mechanism of state enforcement (namely in separate detention of some criminals). The implementation of recognized international standards, methods and work conditions of penitentiary organizations plays a great role of the development of this sphere.
Problem and purpose. Along with the obvious benefits, the digitalization of society carries its own risks. At the same time, in modern psychology there is not enough information about the differences in representations of such risks in different cultures. The purpose of the article is to empirically verify the assumption about the dependence of risk perceptions on the socio-cultural context. Methodology. The empirical part of the study was carried out through questionnaires, collected in different universities in three countries during academic and scientific visits (Russia: n = 112, Romania: n = 94, Brazil: n = 98) and drafting the evaluation reports of social risks perceptions (Abric coefficient). During the translation of the questionnaires, we used the focus group method and the method of translation of psychodiagnostic tools and questionnaires (S.V. Kudrya). Results. The data obtained showed that perceptions of risks depend on general perceptions of risks in the culture of a given country, legislation in the field of Internet security, as well as the duration and experience of interaction in social networks of the Internet. Thus, the" core " of the social representation of Russian and Romanian students about the results of risky behavior on the Internet are unproductive behavior in the information environment (TCP-92); demonstration of indifference (TCP-78) or aggressiveness (TCP-75), and for the Brazilian sample, the demonstration of psychological affliction is more typical (TCP-65). In addition, the lexical-semantic analysis of terms and concepts in the field of riskology used for empirical survey of students showed the presence of semantic cross-cultural differences in their understanding. Discussion and conclusion. The data obtained allow us to say that social perceptions of risks are influenced by socio-cultural and legislative peculiarities: The empirical part of the study showed a clear difference between the "core" and "periphery" both in the cross-cultural dimension and within the country samples. ...
This paper analyzes the features of formation of the deputy corps of the representative bodies in Tatarstan with an emphasis on gender. In the focus of the study were the election campaign of the President of Tatarstan and the federal, regional and local elections. The conclusion is made about a not enough developed gender-sensitive policy in the republic. Оксана Красильникова; Красильникова, Оксана
