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This article presents the theoretical aspects of the development of international trade in services in the context of digital transformations. Shown the role of e-commerce at the present time and the main problems of its development in Russia.

The processes of the development of a market economy, entailing the commercialization in all spheres of social life, raise the question of the correlation between the role of human beings as economic subjects and our role as moral beings. In economics, this this issue is associated with the discussion about the way norms pervade economic theory, expressed in the dichotomy between holistic and individualistic methods. The scope of the influence of governmental bodies and large corporate structures on the socio-economic, cultural and natural environment highlights the philosophical problem of applying moral criteria to collective economic actors, which is reflected in the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The author, in this paper, opines that the question of introducing ethical principles into economic practice cannot be entirely resolved within the framework of economic theory and requires an appeal to moral philosophy. The problem of the correlation between the economic and the moral spheres is considered on the basis of V.S. Solovyov's work "The Justification of the Good". The principal economic ideas stated in this work are discussed in the context of assessments by past and present researchers, of economic history, and of philosophical and economic-managerial conceptions. The author presents a comparative analysis of V.S. Solovyov's ideas about the correlation between economics and morality and the principal ideas behind corporate social responsibility. The author reveals axiological and teleological differences between the two conceptions. Whereas V.S. Solovyov deals with moral and religious categories and notions of progress, the concept of corporate social responsibility is based on economic and legal priorities and is focused on sustainable development. At the same time, the similarities identified between the concepts (such as their complex nature, the acknowledgement of the role of moral principles of the economic participants, the importance of environmental issues and legal regulators) lead us to conclude about the possibility of their further convergence and the surmounting of the limitations of corporate social responsibility based on the teachings of V.S. Solovyov.

The article analyzes the dynamics of perception of the migration situation by the host population in the Republic of Mordovia. Public opinion is being monitored on potential problems created by immigrants when moving to the region, on their impact on ethno-confessional relations and the social and criminogenic situation.
The empirical base included the results of annual regional sociological studies of the ethno-confessional and migration situation conducted in the period 2021–2023. The sociological survey was conducted in accordance with the Methodological Recommendations for Conducting Sociological Research in the subjects of the Russian Federation proposed by the Federal Agency for Nationalities of the Russian Federation (FADN of Russia). This methodology makes it possible to carry out sociological monitoring of key indicators of the state of ethno-confessional relations and migration processes in the Russian Federation. The volume of the sample population was n = 700 people, the representative features were gender, age, place of residence and nationality. As a tool for collecting primary information, a quantitative method was used — an individual face-to-face interview at the respondent's place of residence using a paper questionnaire (PAPI).
It was revealed that in Mordovia, the attitude towards immigrants is gradually changing: the share of the population concerned about the problems of competition in the labor market, the deterioration of ethno-confessional relations, experiencing anxiety from the presence of migrant workers is decreasing. It is determined that the presence of immigrants in the region does not provoke an aggravation of ethnic conflicts and the idea of restricting/reducing the entry of migrants is becoming less popular.
The author concludes that the attitude of the receiving population to immigrants is determined by the level of socio-economic development of the region.

This article reveals the essence and significance of informational socialization of the youth from the point of view of their formation as individuals and identifies the socio-psychological characteristics of digital socialization of the youth in the crisis conditions of the new era. Socialization is considered as a twofold process, where the older generation and society are presented as a mediator and transmitter of social experience to generations, and an individual, as an adopter of the experience that finds its characteristic place in society, becomes a capable participant in social interaction. The methodological basis of the study was the theoretical provisions of foreign and Russian scientists, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization of the material. The work analyzes the scientific literature and studies the arguments of scientists on this issue. The peculiarity of informational socialization of the individual in the crisis conditions of Kyrgyzstan is noted. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the revealing of the content of informational socialization of the individual, the development of the policy of «human capital», the recognition of the social potential of the youth as a value of society, the development of effective mechanisms for the socialization of the youth in the context of the transition to an information society and digitalization of communications, which are considered new topical trends in modern science and are the goal of the work of the authors of the article. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the conclusions and provisions contained in it reveal the ways of the phased implementation of targeted youth development programs, which reflects the quantitative and qualitative relationship between the results of educational activities, vocational education, labor activity and the future well-being of the individual.

The article presents the main results of the research of interests and political orientations of student youth which was carried out in 2014 at the Kazan federal university and its branches in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. The choice of student youth as a reference group is caused by a number of factors, among which we should name the status of intellectual elite, social and political mobility that allows to consider students as the potential actors of socio-political transformations in the country. The data obtained during poll compared with the results of last research allow defining the dynamics of development of student youth's political sentiment in the region. The study of political attitudes, preferences of students was based on the identification of a number of indicators (degree of interest in politics, the level of personal involvement in political life) and on the study of factors that determine the motivation of political behavior of students. Empirical studies make it possible to rank the problems that dominate the political consciousness of students in the region. These include a high level of corruption in the government, inflation, rising prices, the state of health and education systems and the growing income inequality. Particular attention is accented on the problems associated with the foreign policy aspects, threats, aggression from abroad. The study showed that most young people's interest in politics is limited primarily by informational level, rarely they have desire to express their own position or judgments in political situations. The level of real political participation, socio-political activity of students is low. Obtained results let us notice the increasing trend of demonstration of protest behavior among certain part of the students.

The article is devoted to the analysis of V.S. Solovyov's "Sunday Letters". Aspects of the author's dialogue with the reader within the framework of this publicist cycle are considered. The relevance of the topic is based on the importance of this work for understanding the writer's last work, "Three Conversations" and the general direction of the development of his publicist writing. The "Sunday Letters" have relatively recently come to the attention of Solovyov scholars and remain little studied. On the basis of the main premises of M.M. Bakhtin's concept of speech genres, the article examines the works included in the Solovyov cycle from a communicative perspective, highlighting several perspectives: author – addressee, author – text, addressee – text. This approach is new for Solovyov studies and productive due to the combination of literary and linguistic methods of scientific research. As a result, the general scheme of the way Solovyov the publicist constructs a communicative act with the reader established and some features of his dialogue with the audience are characterized. The article concludes that 1) Solovyov's main goal in publishing "Sunday Letters" was to organize a regular and direct dialogue with the Russian reading public on a wide range of social, political, philosophical, religious and moral issues (reflecting the influence of the tradition of F.M. Dostoevsky's "Writer's Diary"); 2) the author of the cycle primarily implemented an educational and prophetic creative strategy; 3) during 1897–1898 Solovyov distinguished between various sections of the reading public, corrected his position regarding the addressee; 4) the choice of the genre form of the work (letter-sermon) was not accidental, it was justified by the nature of the speech situation, participants of dialogue, specifics of communication sphere, subject of speech and determined the uniqueness of his style; 5) the style of the Solovyov cycle is characterized by heterogeneity, unevenness, excitement. These conclusions clarify the specifics of the author's position in the works of Solovyov the publicist, the character of his implementation of creative strategies.

Information activity of the bodies of the Federal Tax Service of Russia is being improved from year to year on the basis of ICT and modern digital technologies. This article discusses some practical aspects of the legal support of information activities of the territorial bodies of the Federal Tax Service of Russia.

The article is devoted to the review of the olfactory image representation in fiction. The relevance of the research is determined by the linguists' interest in description of the linguistic features of the designation of odoric sensations in the pragmalinguistic aspect. In this regard, relevant is the linguo-pragmatic study of the olfactory image formation and means of its description in German. The purpose of the article is a description of the means and methods of forming of men and women olfactory image in the German language. The material of the research were the examples from German-language fiction works that are part of the national German language corps DWDS. In total, 1184 text fragments from 30 works by German-speaking authors were analyzed. In this research, the authors describe in detail the structure of the lexical-semantic field "smell" in German, which is used to form olfactory images in a gender aspect and acts as a pragmatic marker. Based on the analysis of text fragments, the authors describe the means of olfactory images forming of men and women. The analysis shows that the olfactory image of a woman focuses on the pleasant smell that occurs while using cosmetics and while mentioning the woman's natural smell. By describing an olfactory image of a man, vocabulary with a negative connotation dominates, and the "unpleasant smell" acts as a marker. Quantitative results of the study showed that the prevailing female image is positive, which causes positive emotions in the reader, while negative is prevailing by creating a male olfactory image. This pattern can be explained by social expectations from a woman who, in any circumstances, should look attractive. A negative olfactory image of a man can be an indicator of his masculinity, strength.

The article presents the results of a study of employment in the Russian media. Given the global trend of feminization of the media, the issues of professional self-realization, salary and career growth were analyzed through the prism of gender. The research tools included, firstly, a mass questionnaire of media workers holding both creative and administrative positions; secondly, a series of in-depth structured interviews with experts experienced in working as journalists and editors-in-chief; heads of journalistic associations; owners and founders of publications; heads of HR services of media structures; and thirdly, analysis of statistics relating to the editorial corps of editions at the municipal, regional and national levels — in the latter case the data on leading news agencies and Internet resources were analyzed. The study confirmed the trend of feminization, which is based on the socio-political (reducing the influence of the media and, consequently, lower salaries) and technological aspects (spread of information technology, forcing traditional media to compete with social media, saving on staff and reducing the quality of materials). Dissatisfied with the decline in income and in the prestige of the profession men were replaced by women, that was facilitated by a marked increase in the accessibility of journalistic education. The size of salaries depends on decisiveness of the media, on region, and also on the topics that a journalist is engaged in; in general, the willingness of women to work for a lower salary is forced. Precarious employment that is widespread in the industry deprives workers of social protection, while most of them are young women. The article examines the so-called "glass ceilings": the more influential the media, the less often it is led by a woman. At the same time, only a quarter of the respondents acknowledge the presence of gender discrimination in their industry, and most of them are women. This is partly due to the prevalence among journalists of both sexes of traditional ideas about the distribution of the social roles of men and women in family and in society.

Social support for combat veterans is denoted by the term "social support measures", consequently, it is understood primarily as providing this category with benefits (federal, regional, municipal). Other functional aspects of social support in organizing social rehabilitation of combat veterans, such as meeting social needs, for instance, for information, closeness, protection, reassurance, etc., are not studied enough. This paper presents the results obtained in the study of the level of social support for combat veterans using the "Multidimensional scale of social support perception" methodology.

The article analyzes semantic and axiological transformations of the classical fairy-tale plot of «Cinderella» being observed in such verbal and creolized texts of the Runet distractive discourse as anecdotes, jokes, statuses, demotivators, memes. These anonymous variative speech products are regarded as samples of the so called «naive» gender knowledge. Being an inalienable part of Russian gender Internet discourse, they constitute valuable resourse of information about the Russian speaking Internet users spontaneous beliefs of the actual gender order. The author defines Russian gender Internet discourse as dynamically broadening formation Internet texts of gender theme and agenda having different nature, structural organization, linguostylistic specifics and genre parameters, containing implicit gender senses and producing its own discoursive semantic dominants, values and antivalues. The author specifies that the name of the fairy-tale heroine is a usual connotative literary anthroponym which plays an essential role in organization of the semantic space created in distractive Internet texts. The quantitative analysis results show that 75 % of the revealed text about Cinderella contain explicit gender senses, represent typical femininity and masculinity images and perform marriage and romance as antivalues. The author reveals that 93 % of all gendered Internet texts about Cinderella clearly express negative evaluation of the generalized feminine image (126 items, 57 % of the total number), masculine image (58 items, 26,2 %), marriage and romance (29 texts, 13,1 %), but some samples contain negative evaluation both marriage as a social institution and one of the gender categories. The vagrant fairy-tale plot with its key images, motives and axiologemes become an object of mocking and carnivalesque reinterpretaton of anonymous Internet users. The author shows that the classical source main components occurring in the semantic space of the modern Russian cyberlore artifacts suffer grotesque transformations. That leads to the concepts of «Love» and «Marriage» deaxiologization and creating generalized negatives images of femininity and masculinity.

This article is timed to coincide with the 140th anniversary of the birth of the Russian writer B. Zaitsev and it is devoted to the apophatic dimension of Russian artistic culture, namely, the phenomenon of color in the stories "Mist" and "White Light", which are included in the collection "White Light" (1922). The works are analyzed from a cultural-philosophical point of view. The research object in its widest sense is the apophatic dimension of verbal culture, manifested through a thanatological discourse and liminal states of the heroes, expressed by the author through a special color. Death is a priori apophatic, but this does not mean that its meaning cannot be approached. The focus is on the colors "white" and "black", which are used by Zaitsev in a dominant and symbolic sense: white correlates with Light, and black – with Darkness. Both colors are considered from cultural-philosophical positions not only as achromatic, but also as apophatic: black enters into a paradigmatic relationship with white, spiritualizing it – to use the terms of the anthroposophical teaching, known to the writer. The ontogermeneutical reconstruction of the ethos of life and death in these stories allows us to approach the apophatic horizon of Russian verbal culture. This study gives the reader a holistic cultural and philosophical understanding of the phenomenon of color in the stories of B. Zaitsev. The main images, their nature and functions in the work are discussed. The results obtained may be of interest both to cultural scientists for the subsequent social and philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of color, and to philologists studying the poetics of B. Zaitsev.

The historiography of World War II is one of the most extensive research topics in historical science. Over the years, a comprehensive study of the military, political and economic history of wartime has been conducted. Particular attention during recent decades has been given to the social aspects of the war. However, the topic of social cohesion in the warring countries remains insufficiently analyzed. Thus, the main objective of the article is to analyze the current state of research on social cohesion in the context of World War II in contemporary British, German and Russian historical literature. The present study of the reflection of cohesion problems in Soviet Union, Great Britain and Germany during World War II is based on the principles of a new interdisciplinary branch of social science – anthropology of war. It integrates the achievements, subject areas and research tools of history, sociology, military psychology, cultural studies, pedagogy, medicine and other disciplines that study the existence of people and society at large in wartime conditions. A comparative analysis of the chosen historiography shows that at the present stage there is a commonality of approaches among historians related to interest in certain personalities, everyday life during World War II and war's gender dimension. The differences in assessments and methods are determined by the role and place of a particular state in the military-political confrontation as well as by prevailing historiographical paradigms. In any case, the theme of social cohesion was not adequately reflected in these studies. In conclusion, the authors note the research potential of analyzing the problems of social cohesion during World War II.

The main objective of the article is to substantiate a systematic approach to the introduction of all types of innovations in the development of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in the modern world it is especially important to ensure the national security of the country and the defense industry plays a crucial role in this. At the same time, one cannot but note the importance of the defense industry in the production of high-tech civilian products and dual-use products, which enhances the country's competitiveness in the world market. In addition, the relevance of the topic is due to the presence of rather serious problems in the Russian defense industry, which require immediate resolution. The article uses the methodology of structurally functional analysis, the institutional approach and the method of comparative assessments. The authors conclude that technological innovation alone will not be able to achieve strategic results for ensuring national security, only in conjunction with organizational, product, social and marketing innovations, the domestic defense industry is able to solve its tasks.

The article analyzes the «active» approach to the description of human potential and the system of readiness of individuals and communities to perform social roles and functions, such as needs and abilities. While human potential is based on» abilities «and abilities are based on» needs», the category of capital is embodied as» choice», that is, the mechanism that manages needs and abilities. Also, when interpreting the socio-economic aspects of human and collective characteristics, the «purchase» function (material wealth, knowledge, social relations, influence) is currently used, which is the basis of their capital needs, and since economic resources, i.e. real estate, stocks, business aspects, etc., have been studied using sociological classifications that embody current trends. The potential unity and integrity of the chosen society or state is formed primarily by its ethnic and national-cultural composition, and the meaning of life is provided. Another important component — the need to maintain professionalism and contributing to the demographic jump, is the «labor» factor. Work is an activity in which individuals and communities create products and services of individual, social significance. In sociology, the sectoral component of human capital is provided by the norms, rules, trust relationships, mutual obligations, responsibility, and solidarity that govern social relations between people. These centers can be called collective unifying forces of human potential and capabilities. In the context of Uzbekistan, this is done by the mahalla system, which is recognized as a self-governing body. The main objectives of the development of the network component of human capital are to maintain and strengthen direct links with the social environment on a positive basis, reduce or eliminate negative aspects, and achieve systematic development of the potential of individuals and communities. Socio-cultural and economic-political changes in society have a unique impact on each person and are reflected in public opinion. Needs and interests lead to the formation of a paternalistic attitude of the state to public opinion, and it largely justifies itself for the implementation of social capital.