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The purpose of this book is to draw attention to important aspects of thought in the nineteenth century. While its central concerns lie within the philosophic tradition, materials drawn from the social sciences and elsewhere provide important illustrations of the intellectual movements that the author attempts to trace. This book aims at examining philosophic modes of thought as well as sifting presuppositions held in common by a diverse group of thinkers whose antecedents and whose intentions often had little in common. After a preliminary tracing of the main strands of continuity within philosophy itself, the author concentrates on how, out of diverse and disparate sources, certain common beliefs and attitudes regarding history, man, and reason came to pervade a great deal of nineteenth-century thought. Geographically, this book focuses on English, French, and German thought. Mandelbaum believes that views regarding history and man and reason pose problems for philosophy, and he offers critical discussions of some of those problems at the conclusions of parts 2, 3, and 4.

This book figures out that network security and informatization have entered a development stage of greater permeation and deeper integration into all aspects of the economy and society. In particular since the 2008 financial crisis, the world's major economies have placed a strategic focus on network security and informatization in order to seek out new growth points, alleviate energy and ecological pressures, improve living standards, and improve social governance through new technological transformations in fields such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things, mobile internet, big data, smart cities, and a wave of applications. The effects on the economy and society have emerged and will continue to make significant progress. Based on China's stage of new urbanization, industrialization, informatization, and agricultural modernization and major characteristics, as well as the intrinsic need for synchronized development, this book encourages society to accelerate the pace of development, expand the scope of work and promote informatization and the comprehensive, coordinated, effective linking and deep integration of informatization with all areas of the economy and society.--

This book addresses the influences of planning cultures and histories on the temporal evolution of planning systems and spatial development. As well as providing an international comparative perspective on these issues, the contributions to the book also engage in a search for new conceptual frameworks and alternative points of view to better understand and explain these differences. The book makes three main academic contributions. First, it catalogues some of the key changes in planning systems and the impact on spatial development patterns. Second, it examines the interrelationship between planning cultures and histories from a path-dependency perspective. Third, it discusses the variations in physical development patterns resulting from different planning cultures and histories. Chapters from different parts of the European continent present evidence at different scales to illustrate these aspects. In all cases, the specific combinations of political, ideological, social, economic and technological factors are important determinants of urban and regional planning trajectories as well as spatial development patterns. This book was previously published as a special issue of European Planning Studies.

This book provides a state of the art analysis of political development in Sweden. Covering all essential aspects of politics in Sweden, this volume provides detailed accounts of policy making, governance, institutional arrangements, foreign relations, electoral behavior, the party system, the public administration, the constitutional framework, and the welfare state. The Handbook shows how many of the features that once were exceptional to Sweden, for example, the welfare state, the consensual policy making, the historical compromise between capital and labor, and the dominance of social democracy, are less prominent today compared to a few decades ago although they are still certainly present. Global forces, increasing affluence, and an ideological shift towards neo-liberalism have contributed to making Sweden more of an average European industrialized democracy. The Handbook is divided into ten thematic Sections with four chapters and an Introduction in each Section. Thus, each theme is studied from different perspectives in order to provide the reader with a more multi-faceted picture of the political development in each theme

While gender issues are almost always multidimensional and complex, this book discusses them from a cultural angle and with a focus on crossing borders, to represent their concepts meaningfully and to illuminate their realities as sharply as possible. Its five parts detail specific aspects and issues within that focus, namely communication, literary representation, equality and violence, work and politics, and cross-cultural connections. This combination of a wide topical range with specific discussions of gender issues makes the volume's insights worthwhile for a wide range of readers, from individuals and groups engaging with current gender challenges, to institutional and political decision-makers entrusted with improving gender relations on national or international levels, up to social, economic or educational institutions empowered to implement such solutions in everyday reality. Its "unity in diversity" contributes to gender and cultural studies by offering considerations and conclusions that are specific and generalizable, theoretically robust and empirically tested, professionally rational and poetically ravishing.

Over the last two decades, the topic of forest ecosystem services has attracted the attention of researchers, land managers, and policy makers around the globe. The services rendered by forest ecosystems range from intrinsic to anthropocentric benefits that are typically grouped as provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural. The research efforts, assessments, and attempts to manage forest ecosystems for their sustained services are now widely published in scientific literature. This volume focuses on broad-scale aspects of forest ecosystem services, beyond individual stands to large landscapes. In doing so, it illustrates the conceptual and practical opportunities as well as challenges involved with planning for forest ecosystem services across landscapes, regions, and nations. The goal here is to broaden the scope of land use planning through the adoption of a landscape-scale approach. Even though this approach is complex and involves multiple ecological, social, cultural, economic, and political dimensions, the landscape perspective appears to offer the best opportunity for a sustained provision of forest ecosystem services

Commissions of inquiry are a vital and ubiquitous part of the Canadian policy landscape. Established to answer the tough questions, they have been charged with examining almost every aspect of public life.This collection brings together leading Canadian scholars working in political science, public policy, and law to explore fundamental questions about the relationship between commissions of inquiry and public policy for the first time: What role do commissions play in policy change? Would policy change have happened without them? Why do some commissions result in policy changes while others do not?In search of answers, Commissions of Inquiry and Policy Change analyses ten landmark inquiries ranging across a variety of political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, and legal issues. Filling a significant gap in the literature, this volume will be a valuable resource for scholars and students of Canadian political science, public policy, law, and history, as well as a broader audience of readers interested in commissions of inquiry and their role in Canadian policymaking

Neoliberalism changed the face of Latin America and left average citizens struggling to cope in many ways. Popular sectors were especially hard hit as wages declined and unemployment increased. The backlash to neoliberalism in the form of popular protest and electoral mobilization opened space for leftist governments to emerge. The turn to left governments raised popular expectations for a second wave of incorporation. Although a growing literature has analyzed many aspects of left governments, there is no study of how the redefinition of the organized popular sectors, their allies, and their struggles have reshaped the political arena to include their interests--until now. This volume examines the role played in the second wave of incorporation by political parties, trade unions, and social movements in five cases: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The cases shed new light on a subject critical to understanding the change in the distribution of political power related to popular sectors and their interests--a key issue in the study of postneoliberalism.

Zusammenfassung: La 4ème de couv. indique :"Auteur de livres célèbres sur les guerres mondiales, civiles et idéologiques du XXe siècle, Ernst Nolte tente ici de caractériser et de définir les fondements historiques du national-socialisme. Il démontre que ni Hitler ni son mouvement ne peuvent être pensés comme un phénomène simplement "produit" par les circonstances, même exceptionnelles, au sein desquelles ils sont apparus et ont pu prendre les aspects que nous leur connaissons. Selon Nolte, le plus grand danger historiographique consiste à réinterpréter les circonstances de départ à la lumière de leur point d'arrivée. Il renverse l'analyse et tourne son attention vers les racines de tous les thèmes idéologiques et historico-politiques qui se sont nourris, avec une efficacité et une virulence extraordinaires, de ces circonstances. La diffusion dans la société (pas uniquement allemande) de l'antisémitisme, du darwinisme social, du nationalisme à base raciale et du bolchevisme ; leur nature idéologique ; leur déformation ultérieure dans l'idéologie de Mein Kampf, etc : tels sont les grands thèmes d'un ouvrage où se déploie l'analyse noltienne des fondements du national-socialisme

"How important has the sea been in the development of human history? Very important indeed is the conclusion of this ground-breaking four-volume work. The books bring together the world's leading maritime historians, who address the question of what difference the sea has made in relation to around 250 situations ranging from the earliest times to the present. They consider, across the entire world, subjects related to human migration, trade, economic development, warfare, the building of political units including states and empires, the dissemination of ideas, culture and religion, and much more, showing how the sea was crucial to all these aspects of human development. Specific maritime subjects covered include shipbuilding, navigation, the exploitation of maritime resources, the social background of sailors and maritime communities, piracy, the financing and organisation of maritime endeavour, and many other subjects. Overall, the books represent an immense resource for all historians, providing concise overviews of virtually every subject in maritime history

Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Abstract -- References -- Chapter 2 Pre-field Autobiographic Situatedness, In-field Situatedness, Post-field Text Situatedness -- Abstract -- Field Situatedness: The Pillow -- Autobiographical Situatedness: Women at the Public Health Clinic -- Textual Situatedness: The Example of Motherhood -- References -- Chapter 3 A Century of Thinking About Situatedness: The Gestalt Tradition -- Abstract -- Preconditions for Action -- Gestalt, Phenomenology, Social Sciences -- Sides, Aspects, Profiles -- References -- Chapter 4 Conceptual Inspiration from the Gestalt Tradition -- Abstract -- Field and Gestalt -- FigureGround -- Blind Researchers: Examples of FigureGround -- References -- Chapter 5 Interview Techniques -- Abstract -- Acknowledging the Researcher Self -- Awareness -- Body Language -- Awareness and Body Language During the Interview -- Contact Mechanisms -- The Prohibition Against Interpretation -- References -- Chapter 6 Pre-field Autobiographic Situatedness and Post-field Textual Situatedness -- Abstract -- Pre-field Autobiographic Situatedness -- Post-field Text Situatedness -- References -- Chapter 7 Philosophy of Science: Two Ways of Going About Situatedness -- Abstract -- References -- Chapter 8 Conclusion: Culture, Power, Ethics -- Abstract -- Culture -- Power -- References -- Bibliography -- Index

Infrastructure only tends to be noticed when it is absent, declining, or decrepit, or when enormous cost overruns, time delays, or citizen protests make the headlines. If infrastructure is indeed a fundamental driver of economic growth and social development, why is it so difficult to get right? In addressing this perennial question, this volume-the fourth edition in an annual series tackling different aspects of governance around the world-makes the case for a governance perspective on infrastructure. This implies moving beyond rational economic analysis of what should be done towards an analysis of the political, institutional, and societal mechanisms that shape decision-making about infrastructure investment, planning, and implementation. Engaging with theories from sociology, political science, and public administration, and drawing on empirical analyses bridging OECD and non-OECD countries, the contributions to this volume dissect the logics of infrastructure governance in a novel way, providing timely analyses that will enrich both scholarly and policy debates about how to get infrastructure governance right

This book focuses on the future of China and its sustainable development, and summarizes the implications, forms, causes, countermeasures and related rules of the main costs generated during a country's period of development, so as to provide a theoretical reference and decision-making consulting tools for institutions and scientific governance and management professionals. Combining China's national situation and development characteristics with the country as a unit, it uses case studies to propose the concept of cost theory and the theoretical system of national development cost. Focusing on the goals of innovation in nation building, common development and prosperity, as well as enhancement of people's net welfare, the book summarizes and draws conclusions about various aspects of national development, including economic development cost; political, social and cultural development cost; foreign opening-up development cost and nature development cost. It primarily establishes an indicator system of national development cost for promoting full-factor productivity and reducing development cost, and provides a theoretical basis for implementing the scientific political-achievement view.

"This book provides a state of the art analysis of political development in Sweden. Covering all essential aspects of politics in Sweden, this volume provides detailed accounts of policy making, governance, institutional arrangements, foreign relations, electoral behavior, the party system, the public administration, the constitutional framework, and the welfare state. The Handbook shows how many of the features that once were exceptional to Sweden, for example, the welfare state, the consensual policy making, the historical compromise between capital and labor, and the dominance of social democracy, are less prominent today compared to a few decades ago although they are still certainly present. Global forces, increasing affluence, and an ideological shift towards neo-liberalism have contributed to making Sweden more of an average European industrialized democracy. The Handbook is divided into ten thematic Sections with four chapters and an Introduction in each Section. Thus, each theme is studied from different perspectives in order to provide the reader with a more multi-faceted picture of the political development in each theme."--Publisher's description

1. Introduction : towards a theory of situational crime prevention / Graeme Newman -- 2. Rational choice and the legal model of the criminal / Marcel Alexander Niggli -- 3. 'Limited rationality' and crime / Karl-Dieter Opp -- 4. Reconsidering the role of opportunity in situational crime prevention / Richard Wortley -- 5. Situational aspects of violence / S. Giora Shoham -- 6. Realism, situational rationality and crime prevention / Nick Tilley -- 7. Situational crime prevention and the utilitarian tradition / Pietro Marongiu and Graeme Newman -- 8. Situational crime prevention and the utilitarian theories of Jeremy Bentham / Graeme Newman and Pietro Marongiu -- 9. Wartime operational research in Britain and situational crime prevention / Leslie T. Wilkins -- 10. Criminology in crisis and the social demand for crime prevention / Gaetana Russo -- 11. Philosophical justifications of situational crime prevention / Rene Seve -- 12. The ethics of situational crime prevention / Marcus Felson and Ronald V. Clarke -- 13. On the displacement of repeat victimization -- 14. Predicting the future : the roles of routine activity and rational choice theory / Ken Pease.