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The article studies the original conception of convergence of capitalism and socialism proposed by well-known American (USA) economist and sociologist John Galbraith in connection with 50-th anniversary of publishing his world-wide known book «The New
Industrial State», which actuality is connected with current problems of implementation the newly industrialization of economy, including – and especially – in Russia. The article proves that the «epoch of industrial state» has not been finished yet neither in the middle of last century, nor in our century. The Galbraith's conception is been compared with
J. Schumpeter's and J. Keynes's theories of economic development of capitalism. The article gives critical analysis of the evolution of Galbraith's views, his explanation of «new socialism», which, according to Galbraith's point of view, has come to industrially developed western countries and Japan. There are also suggested some thoughts about the content of the newly industrialization, as far as it's special features and tasks in Russia.

The article comments on the concept of «socialism with Chinese specificity», which forms the ideological basis of the «Chinese miracle». The ideological origins of this concept, starting with Confucianism, are revealed. It has evolved to become increasingly pragmatic and to adapt to the realities of national and global development. The relation of this concept with the Marxist concept of socialism is shown. The article substantiates the fundamental theoretical thesis that in the objective-essential sense (in the elimination of, in particular, national specifics) Chinese society is a transitional form to socialism (a certain analogue of the Soviet society of the NEP period). The author talks about a «heterogeneous», «mixed» socio-economic system, the vector and nature of the future evolution of which will depend crucially on the strategic course of the CPC.