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Even though the themes of transcendence and love have a long tradition in philosophical inquiry, over the last centuries the interest in these themes has gradually diminished. The reasons for this lessened interest are diverse and complex, but its results are clear: the majority of philosophers think that love and transcendence are marginal themes of little interest, that lack scientific rigor. Still, in society, the philosophical study of these themes is currently of great interest, because, as one of us (Vargas, 2015) argued recently, we are witnessing an anthropological crisis, which manifests itself as a lack of hope, not only on the social, political, and economical level, but above all intimately, in people's interior. Recovering the philosophical study of transcendence and human love means searching for alternatives that are able to open human intimacy to existential hope.

This contribution reviews the main aspects discussed in my book The Individuation of Modern Society (in Portuguese), published in 2011. This work contains investigations devoted to the study of the semantics of modern socio-historical concepts. It was focused on the concepts mobilized by G. W. F. Hegel in the Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts (1821), throughout the treatment of the three axial figures of the third section "Sittlichkeit": the Family, Civil Society, and the State. Without forgetting the themes surfacing from the integration of "Sittlichkeit" in the system of the Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences, and their intrinsic philosophic worth, the core of the investigations consisted in the incorporation of the concepts in broader semantic undercurrents, particularly with regard to the critical reassessment of the moral and political outcomes of the 17th and 18th centuries System of Nature on which relies the Hegelian critique of Natural Law, from Jena to Berlin. ; Esta contribución revisa los principales aspectos discutidos en mi libro La Individuación de la Sociedad Moderna (en portugués), publicado en 2011. Este trabajo es un conjunto de investigaciones dedicadas al estudio de la semántica de los conceptos histórico-sociales de la modernidad. Se centró en los conceptos movilizados por G. W. F. Hegel en las Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts (1821), a lo largo del tratamiento de las tres figuras axiales de la tercera sección "Sittlichkeit": la Familia, Sociedad Civil y el Estado. Sin olvidar los temas derivados de la integración de la "Sittlichkeit" en el sistema de la Enciclopedia de las Ciencias Filosóficas, y su valor filosófico intrínseco, el núcleo de las investigaciones residió en la integración de los conceptos en corrientes semánticas mas amplias, particularmente en lo que se refiere a la reevaluación crítica de las consecuencias morales e políticas del Sistema de la Naturaleza de los siglos XVII e XVIII, de la que depende la comprensión de la critica hegeliana del Derecho Natural, ...

The "Hacienda Real" was one of the four major forms of political control that Spain had on its American colonies. "All you accustom to write in many letters - tells the King to the Audiencia of Charcas in 1595 - you will reduce to four different issues: Government, Justice, War and Finance" In the framework imposed on them by the colonial system, lawyers and officials dealt with great contemporary relevance of the themes of the Royal Treasury Indiana. ; La Hacienda Real fue una de las cuatro grandes formas de control político que España ejerció en sus colonias americanas. "Todo lo que acostumbráis a escribir en muchas cartas --dirá el Rey a la Audiencia de Charcas en 1595 --, lo reduciréis a cuatro materias distintas: Gobierno, Justicia, Guerra y Hacienda". En el marco que les imponía el sistema colonial, los juristas y funcionarios contemporáneos se ocuparon con gran interés de los temas de la Hacienda Real Indiana.

The "Hacienda Real" was one of the four major forms of political control that Spain had on its American colonies. "All you accustom to write in many letters - tells the King to the Audiencia of Charcas in 1595 - you will reduce to four different issues: Government, Justice, War and Finance" In the framework imposed on them by the colonial system, lawyers and officials dealt with great contemporary relevance of the themes of the Royal Treasury Indiana. ; La Hacienda Real fue una de las cuatro grandes formas de control político que España ejerció en sus colonias americanas. "Todo lo que acostumbráis a escribir en muchas cartas --dirá el Rey a la Audiencia de Charcas en 1595 --, lo reduciréis a cuatro materias distintas: Gobierno, Justicia, Guerra y Hacienda". En el marco que les imponía el sistema colonial, los juristas y funcionarios contemporáneos se ocuparon con gran interés de los temas de la Hacienda Real Indiana.

The course of the Church's history in Nicaragua had changedfrom an institution led by a martyred Bishop protecting Indianrights before Rome and the Spanish King to one largelyconcerned with protecting its own interests followingNicaragua's independence to one that had come to terms with itsmission to save souls and to serve its people. However, many ofthose who took the initiative to bring the Church toward a morehumanitarian orientation in modern times had allowedthemselves to become the tool of a revolutionary politicalmovement whose aim was to perpetuate its own power.Ironically, those who truly wished to serve God and His peoplefound themselves oppressed by those who claimed that theywere doing the same. After a long struggle, a free election in1990 brought to power a series of democratic governmentsallowing freedom of the Church to fulfil its mission.

El objetivo de este texto es analizar la relevancia de la transparencia en el ámbito de la sociedad contemporánea, puntualizando que su reconocimiento como política pública ha implicado que se vincule a formas de poder con apertura y publicidad restringidos, hasta estructurarse con los valores y prácticas de la democracia moderna, como medio que hace posible la vigencia del derecho de acceso a la información, combinando oportunidades y restricciones de carácter institucional. La hipótesis del trabajo es que la transparencia controla al poder del Estado y sin embargo, no se explica por sí misma, sino en relación con el secreto y desde que la publicidad coadyuva a que los ciudadanos accedan, conozcan y evalúen la información que las oficinas gubernamentales producen, entendida desde una perspectiva conceptual de políticas públicas. El trabajo utiliza los métodos de interpretación y exposición para generar conocimiento teórico normativo. Las conclusiones se relacionan con la utilidad de la transparencia para institucionalizar un poder abierto, accesible, público y responsable.

La lectura es una herramienta muy importante para las sociedades. Por eso, desde hace muchos siglos gobiernos y poderosas instituciones han controlado lo que la gente podía leer, descatalogando obras que hacían lectores libres y competentes en pos de aquellas que actuaban como catalizador de determinadas ideologías. En la literatura infantil también. ; Lecture is a very important tool for societies. Therefore, for many centuries, governments and powerful institutions have controlled what people could read, uncataloging books that were critical readers and encouraging those who passed certain ideologies. Children's literature too.

Review-essay of: BUZAN, Barry y SCHOUENBORG, Laust (ed.), Global International Society: A New Framework for Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2018, 276 pp., ISBN 9781108448352, 20€. ZARAKOL, Ay?e, Hierarchies in World Politics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017, 320 pp., ISBN 9781108404020, 27,99€. DUNNE, Tim y REUS-SMIT, Christian, The Globalization of International Society, Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2017, 528 pp., ISBN 9780198793427, 75€. ; Review-essay de: BUZAN, Barry y SCHOUENBORG, Laust (ed.), Global International Society: A New Framework for Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2018, 276 pp., ISBN 9781108448352, 20€. ZARAKOL, Ay?e, Hierarchies in World Politics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017, 320 pp., ISBN 9781108404020, 27,99€. DUNNE, Tim y REUS-SMIT, Christian, The Globalization of International Society, Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2017, 528 pp., ISBN 9780198793427, 75€.

Considero relevante incursionar en la genealogía del concepto de sociedad civil para describir y analizar el fenómeno en nuestros días. Existen dos razones que justifican esta búsqueda de los orígenes del concepto de sociedad civil. La primera de ellas remite a la comprensión de la acción política que llevan a cabo las organizaciones de la sociedad civil en la esfera pública en diferentes contextos históricos; y la segunda deriva de la necesidad de aclarar las diferencias entre la visión clásica y la perspectiva contemporánea de la sociedad civil. I consider relevant to venture into the genealogy of the concept of civil society to describe and analyze this phenomenon in our day. There are two reasons that justify this search for the origins of the concept of civil society. The first one refers to the understanding of political action carried out by civil society organizations in the public sphere in different historical contexts; and the second derives from the need to clarify the differences between the classical vision and the contemporary perspective of civil society.

This work examines the evolution of Latin American Civil Society Organizations' (CSOs) resistance practices in the context of datafication and how these relate with the overall notions of symbolic domination denounced by the Latin American School of Communication. Although CSOs in Latin America are still exploring the problems surrounding datafication, signs of vitality are already showing in broader debates around human rights, community development, and media policies. The study identifies the main themes underlying datafication work by Latin American CSOs and assesses how they shape resistance practices and CSOs' perceptions of asymmetrical power relations. While some patterns can fall into existing conceptualisations surrounding resistance practices and data activism, this paper identifies new conceptual and empirical approaches to face the challenges posed by a datafied society.

Edgar Allan Poe's bicentenary triggered new translations and research on his life and works. Studies have been conducted by several noteworthy scholars such as Silverman (1991) and Peeples (1998 and 2004) indicating that the selected tales in this essay are Poe's political message to the society of his time. The presence of Latin and Hellenic phrases and names in Poe's critique has been indicated in the past. However, despite the existence of numerous analyses with respect to the Latin motifs in Poe's narratives, even in Lois Vines' Poe Abroad (1999) there has been no research dedicated to the apparent presence of Hellenic references in Poe's works. Moreover, a methodic study devoted to the presence of the Hellenic domain in Poe's storytelling has never been undertaken. Presenting promismcging evidence for an extensive study, I aim to delve into these references and identify the reasons why Poe turned to Greece as a source of inspiration.

The purpose of the research was to reveal the process of becoming a person in the information society. The problem of personal formation in the modern conditions of growth of the role of information communication technologies becomes topical problems in the field of social studies. The volume of information, information resources and corresponding technologies significantly influence different sides of social life and processes of humans. The following methods were used in the study: analysis, synthesis, modeling, mathematical statistics and others. The tasks of the study included analyzing the approaches, ideas about the features of personality formation in the information society. It has been shown that the solution of this problem is associated with the formation of human information culture. The paper presents the process of perception of the essence of this category, as well as describes a number of concepts, the essence of which allows to specify the content of the concept of "information culture". These are the following categories: information, culture, information needs. Special attention was paid to the development of information needs in educational institutions.

The Technologies of Empowerment and Participation, now TEP, is a new terminology that is assigned to the technologies that are used as sustenance for the social cohesion of a certain group of people. We speak of a social network in which the active participation of users in topics related to politics, society and / or education is encouraged Thanks to new technologies you can organize, record, store and share in real time all the changes that are being made. Livingand participating in an active way in them without needing to belong to an organized group or to be studying a specific academic program. ; Las Tecnologías del Empoderamiento y la Participación, desde ahora TEP, es una nueva terminología que se le asigna a las tecnologías que se utilizan como sustento para la cohesión social de un grupo determinado de personas. Hablamos de una red social en la cual se fomenta la participación activa de los usuarios en temas relacionados con política, sociedad y/o educación Gracias a las nuevas tecnologías se puede organizar, registrar, almacenar y compartir en tiempo real todos los cambios que se están viviendo y participar de una manera activa en ellos sin necesidad de pertenecer a un grupo organizado o estar cursando algún programa académico específico.