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Skjelsbaek & Smith blame ignorance of gender differences in the social sciences for male domination of human norms' representation. Studies of international relations are said to lag behind fields such as anthropology & sociology in acknowledging & rectifying this discrepancy. It is suggested that examining gender's relation to previously male-dominated subjects may yield fresh insight on women's feelings & roles regarding war & politics. There is a review of modern armed conflicts & of civilian victimization. Forms of wartime intimidation & torture of women are considered. Statistical data are provided on female military participation in 1998 in 26 countries. The goal of this volume is to promote new perspectives on women & public policies by detailing & assessing views on & results of women's participation in political decision making & conflict resolution. 1 Table. M. C. Leary

Discusses the results & implications of a science studies perspective regarding the high-energy physics field, based on 20 years personal research including 6 years of fieldwork at major US & Japanese labs. It is suggested that the international community of high-energy physicists is characterized by the production of privileged knowledge founded in biased gender & cultural norms that have the potential to marginalize & close the field to much needed diversity of opinions. Japanese women physicists fall into three generational groups: the senior generation, which was educated in Japan & holds low-level jobs; the young generation, which is benefiting from changing attitudes regarding working women; & the mid-career group, which received upper-level education in Europe, yet has been relegated to mid-range opportunities in Japan. It is argued that although military funding is condemned in both Japan & the US, most US physicists reject such funding due to a dislike of applied research, rather than as a result of personal moral or political obstructions. Further, many of the best high-energy physicists in the US have been coaxed into military research by money. T. Sevier